Unit 1 Science and Scientists and Expressions 词汇课件 高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册

Unit1ScienceandScientistsWordsandExpressionssevere

[sɪ'vɪə(r)]adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的besevereon/with对……严厉beseverewithoneself严于律己severelyadv.严重地;严厉地;严格地severeweather恶劣天气severewinter寒冬severepain剧痛frustrated

[frʌ'streɪtɪd]adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的frustratingadj.令人沮丧的frustratevt.使沮丧；挫败；阻止frustrationn.沮丧be/feelfrustratedat/with... 对……感到懊恼/沮丧

用frustrate及其正确形式填空What_________memostwasthe____________resultsofourteam’snarrowdefeatinthefinal,afterwhichtheplayerslookedvery_________andthefansleftthestadiumin___________.frustratedfrustratingfrustratedfrustrationfrustrated

[frʌ'streɪtɪd]adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的续写语料库：Awaveoffrustrationoccupied/floodedover/seizedhimcompletely.一股强烈的挫败感将他紧紧包围，完全占据了他的身心。我对自己在比赛中的糟糕表现感到沮丧，我的眼睛里涌出懊恼的泪水。__________________________________________________inthecontestandtearsofregretwelledupinmyeyes.[读后续写之情绪描写]Iwas/feltfrustratedat/withmypoorperformanceonceandforall

完全地，彻底地once相关短语：atonce立刻，马上onceandagain一而再，偶尔allatonce突然；同时all相关短语：allinall总而言之afterall毕竟firstofall首先aboveall最重要的是not...atall一点也不同义词：completely/entirely/totally/thoroughlyonceandforall

完全地，彻底地用all的相关短语填空Ifyouwanttoachievesuccess,_________________,youmustbestrictwithyourself.Iwasveryupsettofindthathedidn'tlikemygift__________.微写作(应用文之申请信)最重要的是，我精通英语，所以我与他人沟通没有困难。aboveall/firstofallatall__________,IhaveagoodcommandofEnglish,soI__________________________________________________.Aboveallhavenodifficultyincommunicatingwithothersinfection

[ɪn'fekʃn]n.感染;传染beinfectedwith/by被感染……infectv.传染;使感染,使感染(某种感情);影响infectiousadj.传染性的infectedadj.受感染的她转过身来，脸上带着有感染力的笑容。Sheturnedback,withaninfectioussmileonherface.infection

[ɪn'fekʃn]n.感染;传染①Weshouldn’tlookdownuponpeople

(infect)withHIV.②Exactlywhichbacteriacausethe

(infect)isstillunknown.③Everyyear,therearepeopleunluckyenoughtobeinfected

theflu.④Thisnew

(infect)diseasehascausedmanydeathsallovertheworld.⑤Inheavily___________(infect)areas,halfthepopulationbecameblind.

⑥Peopleshouldtakeprotectivemeasuresbeforegoingoutto

.

人们在出门前应该做好防护措施以防止感染。infectedinfectionwith/byinfectiouspreventinfectioninfectedsubscribe[səb'skraɪb]v.认购(股份);订购，签署，同意subscribeto...:①定期订购；订阅②捐款;③赞同=approveof=agreewithsubscriber

n.

订阅人；定期捐款者；消费者subscription

n.

订阅；订阅费；定期捐款(1)Manycompaniessubscribedgenerouslytothefootballclub.___________(2)Whichjournalsdoesthelibrarysubscribeto?____________(3)I’veneversubscribedtotheviewthateithersexissuperiortotheother._____写出句中subscribeto的含义捐赠订阅同意①Someevenoffera

(subscribe)servicewithquarterlyorevenmonthlyupdates.②UsingthemoneyIearnedintheholiday,I_______________toseveralmagazinesrecently.③He

theviewthatchildrenbenefitfrombeingindependent.

他赞同孩子们能从独立中获益这一观点。subscriptionhavesubscribedsubscribesto【即学即练】单句语法填空。proof[pruːf]

n.证据;证明;检验(复数proofs)--proof作为后缀

防...的；抗...的rainproofadj.防雨的；windproofadj.防风的waterproofadj.防水的provev.证明；检验=evidence[ˈevɪdəns]n.证据(不可数名词)multiple['mʌltɪpl]adj.数量多的;多种多样的1.各种各样的variousadj.diverseadj.allkindsof...2.multiplyv.乘；增加；繁殖Ifyoumultiply6by9,you'llget54.Ourproblemshavemultipliedsincelastyear.Rabbitsmultiplyrapidly.multiple['mʌltɪpl]adj.数量多的;多种多样的前缀multi-“多的”“多倍的”multicultural多元文化的multimedia多媒体multifunctional多功能的multitask同时处理多项任务中国是一个有着悠久历史的多民族国家。suspect

[səˈspekt]v.疑有,怀疑n.嫌疑犯;可疑对象adj.可疑的(1)suspectthat...怀疑/认为……(尤指坏事可能属实或发生)suspectsb.of(doing)sth.怀疑某人(做过)某事(2)amurdersuspect杀人嫌疑犯themain/primesuspect首要嫌疑人

asuspectpackage一个可疑的包裹suspicionn.怀疑suspiciousadj.怀疑的；不信任的Thedrugissuspectedofcausingover200deaths.suspect

[səˈspekt]v.疑有,怀疑n.嫌疑犯;可疑对象adj.可疑的suspect

[səˈspekt]v.疑有,怀疑n.嫌疑犯;可疑对象adj.可疑的单句语法填空/完成句子①Wesuspectedtheofficer

havingahandintheaffair.②__________(suspect)ofviolatingtrafficrules,hewasquestionedbythepolice.③Hebecame___________ofhisbehaviourandcontactedthepolice.④老板怀疑他从公司拿走了电脑。→Theboss______________________________________________________________________．→Theboss______________________________________________________________．ofsuspiciousSuspectedsuspectedhimoftakingthecomputerawayfromthecompanysuspectedthathetookthecomputerawayfromthecompanyblame

[bleɪm]

n.责备;指责v.把…归咎于...;指责blamesth.onsb.把某事归咎于某人

blamesb.for(doing)sth.因...责备某人betoblame(forsth.)该(为……)受责备不定式的主动形式表示被动put/laytheblameon把责任归咎于...【一句多译】教练把比赛的失利归咎于队员们，批评他们在比赛中缺乏努力。→Thecoach____________________________，criticizingtheirlackofeffortduringthegame.blamedtheplayersforthelossblame

[bleɪm]

n.责备;指责v.把…归咎于...;指责①Thefailureoftheexperimentcannotbeblamed

himalone.②Mary,ratherthanyou,is

(blame)fornotfinishingtheworkontime.③Sheblamedherhusband

thefailureoftheirmarriage.④

(blame)bytheteacher,Marywaspullingalongface.⑤Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning,and

thealarmclock.

很多人发现早上起床很困难，并将责任归咎于闹钟。ontoblameforBlamedputtheblameonhandle

[ˈhændl]n.把手;拉手;柄v.处理;搬动;操纵处理问题/危机handletheproblem/crisis.处理=solve/tackle/dealwith/copewith/addressturnthehandle❶Shewasshakingsomuchthatshecouldnotturnthehandleofthedoor.❷Canyougivemesomeinformationonhowtohandlethemachine?❸Hesaidhewouldhandlethatproblem.把手操纵处理link

[lɪŋk]n.联系；纽带vt.把…连接起来；相关联(1)alinkbetween...and......和...之间的联系(2)linkAto/withB将A与B联系起来belinkedto/with...与……有联系/有关=berelatedto=berelevantto=beconnectedwith=beassociatedwith1.心脏病可能与吸烟有关。1.Theremaybealink

madnessandcreativity.2.Thecountry

(link)tothetownbyanewbridge.betweenislinkedThehighwaylinksShanghaito/withBeijing.Heartdiseasemightbelinkedtosmoking.2.这条公路连接上海和北京。decrease

[dɪ'kriːs]v.减少;减小;降低['diːkriːs]n.减少;降低:减少量Thenumberofnewstudentsdecreasedto

160thisyear.Averagehousepricesdecreasedby13%lastyear.Thisspeciesofbirdisdecreasinginnumberseveryyear.4.Withmorepeoplechoosingpublictransport,theuseofprivatecarsduringrushhourisonthedecrease.decrease

by...

减少了……decrease

to...

减少到……decreasefrom...to...

从......减少到......decreasein.../adecreasein在……(方面)降低/减少on

the

decrease

在减少[练透]单句语法填空①__________(decrease)theamountofrubbishandtoprotecttheenvironment,moregovernmentsarerequiringpeopletorecyclematerials.②Overthepastdecades,seaicehasbeen__________thedecreaseintheArcticasaresultofglobalwarming.③Thetrafficaccidentsinthecitydecreased

40%lastyear.[写美]一句多译由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数目在减少。→Becauseofhumanactivities,thenumberofsomerareanimals_________________________.(decreasen.)→Becauseofhumanactivities,thenumberofsomerareanimals____________________.(decreasev.)isdecreasingTodecreaseonisonthedecreasebythanksto

幸亏;由于(好的原因)“由于；因为”becauseofonaccountofasaresultofowingtoduetoThankstoyourtimelyhelp,Ihandledthedifficultproblem.1.Thanks______hisreliableinformation,wemadetherightdecision.2.Hewasoutofwork__________________________aphysicalinquiry.3.Theflightwasdelayed

theweatherwasbad.todueto/owingto/becauseofbecausetransform

[trænsˈfɔːm]vi.&vt.改变，转变；使改变transformA(fromB)intoC

把A(从B)变成Ctransform...with...用...改变...transformation

n.

改变、转化(不可数);具体变化(可数)transformer

n.

促使改变的人或物；变压器1.Shetransformedpeople'sattitudetowardsherjob_________herdeterminationandpatience.2.Hewastryingtomakethe_______________(transform)fromasinglemantoaresponsiblehusband.3.通过辛勤工作和奉献，她得以将自己的梦想变为现实。Throughhardworkanddedication,_____________________________________________．shewasabletotransformherdreamintorealitywithtransformationtrans-成为（另一状态），进入（另一地方）transfer转移transmit传输transport运输transplant移植translate翻译transnational跨国的solid

['sɒlɪd]adj.可靠的,固体的,坚实的n.固体solidevidence确凿证据asolidfoundation坚实的基础solidfuel/food固体燃料/食物asolidball实心球liquidadj.液体的,液态的n.液体gas气体cast

[kɑːst]vt.扔，投，掷n.全体演员cast-cast-castcastashadow/cloudover/on... 给……蒙上一层阴影Anunhappychildhoodwouldcastashadowonone'swholelife.castalook/glanceat... 向……看一眼Shecastaquickglanceatherwatch,worriedshe’dmissthelastbus.castsb.down 使沮丧；使失望Thenewsthatthesportsmeetingwascanceledcasthimdown.castlighton 阐明；解释；使清楚Thenewresearchfindingscastlightonwhysomeplantscansurviveinextremelydryenvironments.castdoubton

(使人)怀疑Icastdoubtonthetruthofreality.becastdownby...因…而沮丧pour

[pɔː(r)]vt.倒出;倾泻;斟(饮料)vi.涌现，下大雨Pourthehoneyintothebowlandmixitthoroughlywiththeotheringredients.Youcanpouroutyourhearttome.It'spouringoutside.Thousandsofpeoplepouredintothestadiumtowatchthefootballmatch.pour

sth.into...

把某物倒进…pouroutsth.倒出；倾吐/诉说(思想/感情/经历)pourdown流下；(雨)倾盆而下；rain/pourcatsanddogs下倾盆大雨pourinto/in涌进他是如此难过以致于泪水顺着他的脸颊倾泻落下。Hewassosadthat

tearspoureddownhischeek.breakout

(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发break-broke-brokenbreakawayfrom Elephantscould,atanytime,breakawayfromtheirropes,butforsomereason,theydidnot.breakdown Becauseshewasbeingsokindandconcerned,Ibrokedownandcried.breakin Thepolicefoundthatsomeonehadbrokeninduringthenightandstolenthevaluablepaintings.breakinto Thethiefbrokeintotheconveniencestore

throughthebackdoorwhentheclerkwastakingabreak.breakup Breakupthechocolateandmelt.breakout

(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发breakdown出故障;失败;垮掉;分解;打破breakin打断(谈话等);破门而入breakinto突然……起来;强行闯入breakawayfrom脱离;摆脱breakup打碎;关系破裂;解散breakthrough突破break-broke-brokenbreakout

(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发单句语法填空/完成句子①ThefamilyhadescapedtoAmericashortlybeforethewar

in1939.②Manypeople

thepovertybarrierin2020withtheassistanceofourgovernment.③Yourhealthwill

ifyoudon’tpayattentiontoregularexercise.④Closethedoorandwindowscarefullytopreventsomestrangers_____________yourhouse.

brokeoutbrokethroughbreakdownbreakingintodefend

[dɪ'fend]v.保卫;防守vt.为...辩解/护defence/defensen.防御;保卫defensiveadj.防御的，戒备的；防守的defend...from/against保护……以免受Parentsshoulddefendtheirchildrenfromdangerindailylife.defendoneself为自己辩护；自卫Thesuspectchosetoremainsilentinsteadofdefendinghimselfincourt.indefenceof为了保卫；为……辩护Weshouldrespectthesoldierswhodiedindefenceof

theircountry.defend

[dɪ'fend]v.保卫;防守vt.为...辩解/护单句语法填空/完成句子①Somepeoplethinkthatstudentsshouldbetrainedtodefendthemselves

someattacks.②Whenthedogattackedtheboy,hedefended

(he)withastick.③HehasemployedoneoftheUK'stoplawyers

(defend)him.④Allthepeople,menandwomen,youngandold,werefightingagainstthefloodin

(defend)oftheirownhomes.⑤Thedamwasbuiltto

awaybythesea.

建筑这座堤坝是为了保护公路不被海水冲垮。against/fromhimselftodefenddefencedefendtheroadfrombeingwashedassistant

[ə'sɪstənt]n.助理;助手(1)assistsb.todosth.帮助某人做某事assistsb.withsth.帮助某人某事assistsb.indoingsth.帮助某人做某事(2)cometoone'sassistance援助某人withtheassistance/helpof在……的帮助下assistancen.帮助，援助assistv.帮助语境辨义/熟词生义①Theoutstandingscientistisinchargeofhandlingthematter.__________②Iwillchargeyouonehundredyuanforrepairingyourcellphone.__________③Thepolicechargedthethiefwithstealingrawmaterialsfromthecompany._______控告inchargeof

主管；掌管（表主动）chargev.收费；控告；充电n.费用；指控；电量；掌管主管收费(v.)chargesb.forsth.为某物向某人收取费用chargesb.with(doing)sth.控告某人(做)某事(n.)inchargeof主管；掌管（表主动）takechargeof掌管/负责……（表主动）inthechargeof由……负责（表被动）freeofcharge＝forfree免费inchargeof

主管；掌管（表主动）【语段填空/一句多译】(1)Tearsofsadnessandterrorpoureddowntheboy'scheeks,becausehe________________________________________________(被指控偷了女人的金戒指).Thewoman____________________________________________(为被偷的戒指向他索要了一大笔钱).Luckily,akind-heartedlawyerofferedto___________________________(免费为这个男孩辩护).waschargedwithstealingthewoman'sgoldringdefendtheboyfreeofchargestolenringchargedhimmoneyforthe(2)我将负责这次英语演讲比赛，这使我倍感荣幸。→__________________________________________________________,whichmakesmegreatlyhonoured.→_____________________________________________________,whichmakesmegreatlyhonoured.Iwillbeinchargeof/takechargeoftheEnglishspeechcompetitionTheEnglishspeechcompetitionwillbeinthechargeofmegifted

[ˈgɪftɪd]adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的begiftedin...=betalentedin...

在……方面有天赋haveagift/talentfor... 有……的天赋giftn.礼物;天赋Wewereimpressedbytheperformanceofthe_______(gift)dancerswhoshowedtheirskillsatthefestival.giftedcomedown

(with)

患(病)；染上(小病)comeupwith提及；想出comeabout发生comeacross偶然遇见，碰见comeout(太阳等天体)出现；开花；出版comeintobeing形成，产生whenitcomesto...当谈到……comeon加油，来吧comedown

(with)

患(病)；染上(小病)1.Aboveall，tellmehowtheaccident

immediately.2.Myassistant’sfirstnovel

,whichmademeproudofhim.3.Awarethatmypartner

aseriousdisease,Ihadknotsinmythroatandrushedtohospitalanxiously.(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)4.

Englishlearning,Ihavethefollowingpracticalsuggestionstoshare.Firstly,whenyou

unfamiliarwords，don’talwaysrefertothedictionary.Besides,whenteachersaskquestionsinclass,youshouldtryto

answers.Lastly,ifyoufail，youmustsaytoyourself，“

！”(应用文写作之建议信)cameaboutcameoutcamedownwithWhenitcomestocomeacrosscomeupwithComeonfault

[fɔːlt]n.[U]责任；过失；过错[C]缺点；缺陷；故障beatfault有过错；有责任findfaultwith挑剔，挑……的毛病faultlessadj无错误的；完美无缺的(perfect)faultyadj有错误的；有缺陷的=imperfect1.Thepolicearrivedatthesceneandconcludedthatthedriverwas____fault.2.Themachinestoppedworkingafterafewhoursbecauseofa_______(fault)partthatneededreplacement.atfaulty________adj.极为恶劣的;严重的→_________adv.严重地;严厉地;严格地2.__________adj.懊恼的，沮丧的→__________adj.令人沮丧的→_________v.使...懊悔，阻挠→_________n.沮丧，挫败3.___________adj.矛盾的→_________v.反驳;相矛盾→____________n.不一致,对立4.________vt.使感染;传染→_______n.感染;传染→________adj.传染性的→________adj.受感染的5._________v.订阅;签署;赞成;捐助→__________n.订阅