【东盟能源数据】性别评估报告-2025

GenderAssessment

Report

GCF-KDBProgramme:SupportingInnovativeMechanismsforIndustrialEnergyEfficiencyFinancinginIndonesiawithLessonsforReplicationinOtherASEANMemberStates

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GenderAssessmentReportundertheGCF-KDBProgramme:SupportingInnovative

MechanismsforIndustrialEnergyEfficiencyFinancinginIndonesiawithLessonsforReplicationinOtherASEANMemberStates

©ACE2025

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ReportCitation

ACE(2025).GenderAssessmentReportundertheGCF-KDBProgramme:SupportingInnovativeMechanismsforIndustrialEnergyEfficiencyFinancinginIndonesiawithLessonsforReplicationinOtherASEANMemberStates.ASEANCentreforEnergy(ACE).Jakarta.Availablefordownloadfrom

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Forfurtherinformationaboutthispublication,pleasecontactACEat

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

TheGenderAssessmentReportundertheGCF–KDBProgramme:SupportingInnovativeMechanismsforIndustrialEnergyEfficiencyFinancinginIndonesiawithLessonsforReplicationinOtherASEANMemberStateswasdevelopedbytheASEANCentreforEnergy(ACE),withsupportfromtheGreenClimateFund(GCF)andincollaborationwiththeKoreaDevelopmentBank(KDB).

WeexpressoursincereappreciationtoKDBfortheircontinuedpartnershipandvaluablecollaborationthroughouttheGCF-KDBProgramme.WealsoextendourgratitudetotheInstituteforDevelopmentofEconomicsandFinance(INDEF)fortheirroleasconsultantindevelopingthisgender-responsiveassessment.OurappreciationalsogoestoourcolleaguesacrossACEfortheirinsightfulinputsandconstructivefeedbackthatenhancedthequalityanddepthofthisreport.

WeexpressourgratitudetoGCFfortheirfundingsupport,whichenabledtheextensivestakeholderconsultationsandengagementsessentialtothecompletionofthisassessment.

Welookforwardtocontinuingthiscollaborationwithallourpartners.Thefindingsofthisreport,thoughfocusedonIndonesia,laythegroundworkforreplicationandknowledgesharingacrossASEANMemberStatestowardamoreinclusiveandsustainableenergyfuturefortheregion.

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TABLEOFCONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v

LISTOFTABLES vii

LISTOFFIGURES vii

LISTOFABBREVIATIONS viii

EXECUTIVESUMMARY xi

1.INTRODUCTION 1

1.1Background 2

1.2GlobalContextandInternationalInitiatives 2

1.3ScopeofWorkandDeliverables 3

1.4MethodologyandLimitationsonGenderActionPlan(GAP) 4

2.CONTEXTUALOVERVIEW 7

2.1WhyGenderMatters? 8

2.2RegulatoryLandscapeofGenderEqualityinIndonesia 10

2.3CurrentLandscapeofGenderEqualityinIndonesia 15

2.4Gender-InclusiveFinancinginIndonesia 20

2.5EnergyandSustainableFinancinginIndonesia 25

3.PRACTICESONGENDERINCLUSIVEFINANCING:CROSS-COUNTRY

COMPARISON 28

4.GENDERASSESSMENTSOFREGULATORYBODIES,FINANCIALINSTITUTIONS,

ANDINDUSTRIALENTERPRISES 33

4.1GenderAssessmentofRegulatoryBodies 34

4.2GenderAssessmentofFinancialInstitutions 38

4.3GenderAssessmentofIndustrialEnterprises 43

5.CONCLUSIONSANDRECOMMENDATIONS 48

5.1KeyFindingsandAnalysis 49

5.2StrategicRecommendations 50

5.3ImplementationPathwayForward 54

REFERENCES 56

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LISTOFTABLES

Table1.GenderInequalityIndexforASEANCountries 17

Table2.FinancialAccessbyGenderforSelectedASEANCountries 20

Table3.ImplementingaGender-ResponsiveApproachinFinancingintheBank 23

Table4.Gender-ResponsiveEmpowermentProgrammesBeyondFinancingintheBank

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Table5.Cross-CountryComparisonofGender-ResponsiveBudgetingandFinancing

Programmes 31

LISTOFFIGURES

Figure1.FormsofGenderInequality 8

Figure2.Indonesia'sGenderGapIndex 16

Figure3.Indonesia'sGenderInequalityIndex 16

Figure4.LabourForceParticipationRate(LFPR)inIndonesia 17

Figure5.ShareofMSMEsbyGender(2024) 18

Figure6.AverageSalaryofWorkersBasedonGender 18

Figure7.ProportionofWomeninManagerialPositions 19

Figure8.FemaleShareofOccupationintheEnergySectorinIndonesia(2023) 19

Figure9.FinancialLiteracyIndexbyGender 21

Figure10.FinancialInclusionIndexbyGender 21

Figure11.MicroCreditProgramme(KUR)DistributionbyGender 22

Figure12.SustainabilityBond/SukukIssuanceVolumebyIndustry(2018–2025) 25

Figure13.SustainabilityBond/SukukIssuanceVolumebyBondType(2018–2025) 26

Figure14.GrowthofSustainabilityBond/SukukIssuance(2018–2025) 26

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LISTOFABBREVIATIONS

ACE

ASEANCentreforEnergy

ADB

AsianDevelopmentBank

ASEAN

AssociationofSoutheastAsianNations

BCA

BankCentralAsia

BNI

BankNegaraIndonesia

BRI

BankRakyatIndonesia

CEDAW

ConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationagainstWomen

CSR

CorporateSocialResponsibility

DAC

DevelopmentAssistanceCommittee

DNTG

NationalGender-DisaggregatedData

EE

EnergyEfficiency

EIB

EuropeanInvestmentBank

EIF

EntrepreneurshipandInnovationFacility

ESCAP

EconomicandSocialCommissionforAsiaandthePacific

ESG

Environmental,Social,andGovernance

ESMAP

EnergySectorManagementAssistanceProgramme

EU

EuropeanUnion

FGD

FocusGroupDiscussion

FLFP

FemaleLabourForceParticipation

GAP

GenderActionPlan

GCF

GreenClimateFund

GDP

GrossDomesticProduct

GGI

GenderGapIndex

GII

GenderInequalityIndex

GISCO

GreenIndustryServiceCompany

GRPB

Gender-ResponsivePlanningandBudgeting

GRI

GlobalReportingInitiative

IEE

IndustrialEnergyEfficiency

IFC

InternationalFinanceCorporation

ILO

InternationalLabourOrganisation

IMF

InternationalMonetaryFund

INDEF

InstituteforDevelopmentofEconomicsandFinance

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KDB

KoreaDevelopmentBank

Kemenperin

MinistryofIndustry

KESDM

MinistryofEnergyandMineralResources

KMU

MicroBusinessLoan

KPI

KeyPerformanceIndicator

KPPPA

MinistryofWomenEmpowermentandChildProtection

KRW

KoreanWon

KTP

ResidentIdentityCard

KUR

KreditUsahaRakyat

KWDI

KoreanWomen'sDevelopmentInstitute

LFPR

LabourForceParticipationRate

LJK

FinancialServiceInstitution

MIS

ManagementInformationSystem

MoWECP

MinistryofWomenEmpowermentandChildProtection

MSMEs

Micro,Small,andMedium-sizedEnterprises

MSS

MinistryofSMEsandStartups

NBFI

Non-BankFinancialInstitution

NFLS

NationalLabourForceSurvey

NPL

Non-PerformingLoan

NPWP

TaxpayerIdentificationNumber

NZE

NetZeroEmission

ODA

OfficialDevelopmentAssistance

OECD

OrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment

OJK

FinancialServicesAuthority

PNM

State-OwnedCapitalCorporation

POJK

FinancialServicesAuthorityRegulation

PPA

PlanoPlurianual

PPSK

DevelopmentandStrengtheningoftheFinancialSector

PUG

GenderMainstreaming

RAKB

SustainableFinanceActionPlan

RAN

NationalActionPlan

RE

RenewableEnergy

RPJMN

NationalMedium-TermDevelopmentPlan

RPJPN

NationalLong-TermDevelopmentPlan

SAKERNAS

NationalLabourForceSurvey

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SDGs

SustainableDevelopmentGoals

SDT

Sector-AgnosticDecisionTree

SEMS

SocialandEnvironmentalManagementSystems

SLL

Sustainability-LinkedLoan

SME

SmallandMediumEnterprise

SOE

State-OwnedEnterprise

STEM

Science,Technology,Engineering,andMathematics

SUSENAS

NationalSocio-EconomicSurvey

TJSL

CorporateSocialResponsibility

TKBI

IndonesianSustainableFinanceTaxonomy

TPKS

SexualViolence

UMi

UltraMicro

UN

UnitedNations

UNDP

UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgram

UNESCO

UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization

UNIDO

UnitedNationsIndustrialDevelopmentOrganization

USD

UnitedStatesDollar

We-Fi

WomenEntrepreneursFinanceInitiative

WEF

WorldEconomicForum

WSME

Women-ownedSmallandMediumEnterprise

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EXECUTIVESUMMARY

ThisgenderassessmentreportexaminestheintegrationofgenderconsiderationswithinindustrialenergyefficiencyfinancingmechanismsinIndonesia,focusingonthreekeystakeholdergroups:regulatorybodies,financialinstitutions,andindustrialenterprises.TheassessmentformspartofthebroaderGenderActionPlan(GAP)undertheGCF-KDBProgramme,whichaimstosupportinnovativemechanismsforindustrialenergyefficiencyfinancinginIndonesiawhilstprovidinglessonsforreplicationacrossASEANmemberstates.

KeyFindings:

TheassessmentrevealsbothprogressandpersistentchallengesinIndonesia'sgenderlandscape.Whilethecountryhasmadenotableadvancesinseveralareasofgenderequality,significantdisparitiesremain,particularlyinemployment,financialaccess,andpoliticalrepresentation.Indonesia'sGenderGapIndeximprovedfrom0.65in2006to0.686in2023,thoughglobalrankinghasstagnatedasothercountriesprogressfaster.TheGenderInequalityIndexshowsimprovementfrom0.544in2006to0.423in2023,yetIndonesiaranks108thglobally,considerablylowerthanregionalneighborslikeSingapore(8th)andMalaysia(47th).

Criticalgendergapspersistacrossmultipledimensions.Femalelabourforceparticipationremainsstagnantat53.4%comparedto82.2%formen,withwomenearninganaveragesalaryofIDR2.61millioncomparedtoIDR3.37millionformen.Womenholdonly21.6%oflegislativeseats,fallingshortofthe30%genderquota.Intheenergysectorspecifically,womenaccountformerely5%ofdecision-makers.However,women'srepresentationinmanagerialpositionshasincreasedfrom22%in2015to35%in2024,andwomencomprise49.46%ofMSMEownership,nearlyachievingparitywithmale-ownedenterprises.

Withininstitutionalcontexts,theassessmentidentifiessignificantvariationsingendermainstreamingapproaches.Regulatorybodiesdemonstrategrowingrecognitionofgenderequalityasfundamentaltosustainabledevelopmentyetfacechallengesintranslatinghigh-levelpolicycommitmentsintooperationalframeworks.TheMinistryofWomen'sEmpowermentandChildProtection(KPPPA)emphasisesocialprotectionandqualityoflife,whilsttheMinistryofEnergyandMineralResources(KESDM)focusesonwomen'srepresentationindecision-making.TheMinistryofIndustry(Kemenperin)highlightsopportunitiesforwomen'sparticipationinindustrialdecarbonisation,andtheFinancialServicesAuthority(OJK)underscoresequitableaccesstofinancethroughsustainablefinanceframeworks.

Financialinstitutionsshowincreasingbusiness-drivenappreciationforgender-responsivefinance,recognisingthatwomenentrepreneursdemonstratesuperiorcreditperformancewithlowernon-performingloanratios.However,progressremainshamperedbydefinitionalambiguityregardingwomen-ownedenterprises,insufficientgender-disaggregateddatasystems,andabsenceofregulatoryincentivescomparabletothoseavailableforgreenfinance.

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Industrialenterprisespresentaspectrumofgenderintegrationexperiences,frommale-dominatedsectorsgrapplingwithstructuralbarrierstowomen-ledbusinessesthathavepositionedinclusivityastheircompetitiveadvantage.Whilstmanyenterpriseshaveimplementedgender-friendlypoliciesincludingflexibleworkingarrangementsandchildcaresupport,theseeffortsareoftenconstrainedbyfinanciallimitations,particularlyamongsmallandmediumenterprises.

CriticalGapsIdentified:

Theassessmentidentifiesseveralcriticalgapsthatimpedeeffectivegendermainstreaming.Regulatoryframeworkslackspecificoperationalguidelinesforimplementinggenderconsiderationswithinenergyefficiencyfinancingcontexts.Datacollectionsystemsremaininadequateforsystematicgenderimpactassessment.Capacitybuildinginitiativesrequirestrengtheningacrossallstakeholdergroups,particularlyingender-responsivemethodologiesandtechnicalexpertise.

StrategicRecommendations:

Thereportrecommendsamulti-prongedstrategyfocusingonpolicyharmonisation,data-driveninnovation,andcapacitybuilding.Regulatorybodiesshouldembedexplicitgenderindicatorswithinkeynationalstrategies,includingindustrialdecarbonisationroadmapsandsustainablefinanceoperationalguidelines.Financialinstitutionsmustintegrategenderanalysisintoduediligenceprocessesforenergyefficiencyprojectsanddevelopalternativelendingmethodologiesthataddresswomenentrepreneurs'uniquebarriers.Industrialenterprisesshouldformalisegender-inclusiveworkplacepoliciesandembedgenderconsiderationsintoenergyefficiencyprojectdesigntoenhancebankability.

ImplementationPathway:

Successrequirescoordinatedactionacrossinstitutionalboundaries,withparticularattentiontoaddressingtimepovertyexperiencedbywomenandshiftingentrenchedgendernormsthroughcomprehensiveeducationandawarenessprogrammes.Thepathwayforwardemphasisesmovingfromfragmentedinitiativestowardsacohesiveecosystemthatunlockswomen'spotentialaskeyagentsinIndonesia'stransitiontoamoreenergy-efficientandequitableindustrialfuture.

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Introduction|2

1.1Background

Energyefficiencyintheindustrialsectorrepresentsavitalcomponentofsustainabledevelopmentandconstitutesakeystrategyforreducinggreenhousegasemissions.Asindustrialenergydemandcontinuesrising,particularlyinemergingeconomiessuchasIndonesia,effortstoscaleupenergy-efficienttechnologieshavegainedunprecedentedurgency.Thesetechnologiesnotonlyhelpmitigateclimatechangebutalsoimproveindustrialproductivityandcompetitiveness.Despitetheirpromise,theadoptionandfinancingofenergyefficiencymeasuresfacepersistentchallenges,includinglimitedaccesstocapital,regulatoryandinstitutionalbottlenecks,andinsufficientawarenessandtechnicalcapacityamongstakeholders(GreenClimateFund,2019).

Indonesia,asoneofSoutheastAsia'slargesteconomiesandarapidlyindustrialisingcountry,playsacentralroleinregionalclimateaction.Thecountry'sindustrialsectorrepresentsoneofthefastest-growingcontributorstonationalemissions,makingtheaccelerationofenergyefficiencytechnologyuptakeanationalpriority.Yetmarketpenetrationremainsslowduetofinancingconstraintsandstructuralweaknessesinpolicyandgovernanceframeworks.

Withinthiscontext,genderconsiderationshaveemergedasacriticalyetoftenoverlookeddimensionofenergyefficiencyprojectdesignandfinancing.Genderconstitutesmorethanaperipheralissue;itinfluencesaccesstofinance,policyoutcomes,investmentbehaviour,andtheequitabledistributionofbenefits.Inenergyefficiencyfinancing,genderdynamicsdeterminewhoaccessesfinancialproducts,whoparticipatesindecision-makingprocesses,andwhoultimatelybenefitsfromenergysavingsandimprovedeconomicreturns.Failinggenderconsideration,Indonesiaimpedesthedevelopmentofnecessarypooloftalentsandleadershiptoaccelerateenergyefficiencyadoption.Therefore,mainstreaminggenderinenergyefficiencyinitiativescanenhancebothequityandeffectivenessoutcomes.

However,womenremainunder-representedinkeydecision-makingrolesacrossfinancialinstitutions,regulatorybodies,andindustrialenterprises.Theyarealsolesslikelytoaccessindustrialfinancingorplayleadershiprolesinenergyefficiencyprojectdesignandimplementation(WorldBank,2022).Theseinequalitiescanhinderthesuccessandsustainabilityofenergyefficiencyprogrammes.Therefore,thisstudyaimstoconductcomprehensivegenderassessmentsoffinancialinstitutions,regulatorybodies,andindustrialenterprises.Thisassessmentintendstoprovidebetterunderstandingofthecurrentlandscapeandprogressongenderintegrationinenergyefficiencyfinancingmechanismsandenhancegender-responsiveregulatoryframeworksinIndonesia'sindustrialsector.

1.2GlobalContextandInternationalInitiatives

Theinternationaldevelopmentcommunityhasincreasinglyrecognisedthecriticalintersectionbetweengenderequalityandclimatefinance(ILO,2022;WEF,2024).GendermainstreaminghasbecomecentraltotheGreenClimateFund'sobjectivesandguidingprinciples,includingthroughengagingwomenandmenofallagesasstakeholdersinthedesign,development,andimplementationofstrategiesandactivitiestobefinanced(GreenClimateFund,2019).

3|GenderAssessmentReport

Empiricalworkdemonstratesthatcompanieswithgreaterboardgenderdiversityare60%morelikelytoreducetheintensityofenergyconsumption,39%morelikelytoreducegreenhousegasemissions,and46%morelikelytoreducewateruse(Altunbasetal.,2022).Thesereductionsareattributedtothefactthatgreatergenderdiversity,particularlyamongboardmembersandmanagers,enhancesenvironmentaloversightandpromotesabroaderrangeofperspectivesindecision-making,leadingtostrongersustainabilitycommitments.Furthermore,researchindicatesthata1%increaseintheshareoffemalemanagersleadstoa0.5%decreaseinCO2emissions,whilstlendingvolumestomorepollutingindustriesare10%lowerwhenbankshaveatleast37%membershipofwomenontheirboards(Altunbasetal.,2022).

IntheASEANcontext,aroadmaphasbeenlaunchedtoincorporateagender-responsiveapproachspecificallyforrenewableenergypolicymakers.However,severalchallengeshavebeenidentified:thereislimiteddataandawarenessregardingtheconnectionbetweenrenewableenergyandgender,whichhampersascience-basedapproachtoaddressingtheissue.Additionally,therearelowjobopportunitiesandsocialenvironmentsthataregenerallyindifferenttogenderconsiderations.Furthermore,theexistingeducational,social,andculturalnormsareoftenunsupportive,andaccesstofinancingremainslimited(ASEANCentreforEnergy,2022).

1.3ScopeofWorkandDeliverables

Thegenderassessmentsoffinancialinstitutions,regulatorybodies,andindustrialenterprisesrepresenttheinitialstageofimplementinggenderactionplan(GAP)forsupportinginnovativemechanismsforindustrialenergyefficiencyfinancinginIndonesia.ThemaindeliverablesoftheGAPforthefirstyearinclude:1)GenderAssessmentforfinancialintermediaries,regulatorybodies,andindustrialenterprises;2)GenderGuidelines;and3)GenderMonitoringFramework.Therefore,thisassessmentaimstopromotegender-inclusiveindustrialenergyefficiencyfinancinginIndonesia.

InimplementingtheGAP,therearefivekeycomponentsinthescopeofwork:First,conductinggenderassessmentsoffinancialinstitutions,regulatorybodies,andindustrialenterprises.Second,developinggender-sensitivepolicies,guidelines,andfinancingframeworks.Third,designingandimplementinggender-responsivetrainingprogrammes.Fourth,ensuringactiveparticipationofwomeninconsultationsandtrainingsessions.Fifth,establishingmonitoringmechanismsfortrackinggender-relatedprojectoutcomes.

Recognisingthatsustainabledevelopmentrequiresthemeaningfulparticipationofwomenandmarginalisedgroups,thisgenderassessmentreportcoversfinancialinstitutions,regulatorybodies,andindustrialenterprisesaskeyplayerstosupportgender-inclusiveenergyefficiencyfinancing.Thisassessmentwillcontributetoacomprehensiveframeworkthatintegratesgenderconsiderationsintofinancialsystems,regulatorypolicies,andindustrialpracticesthatwillserveascasestudiesandlessonslearnedforreplicationinotherASEANmemberstates.Toensuretheguidelineiseffectiveandapplicable,itwillbeactivelypromotedtoparticipatingfinancialinstitutions

Introduction|4

andindustrialenterprisesinIndonesia,withtheGCF-KDBProgrammemonitoringfollowupactionsatmid-termstageandattheendofYear7.

1.4MethodologyandLimitationsonGenderActionPlan(GAP)

TheGenderActionPlan(GAP)setsoutaframeworktoimplementtherecommendationsofthegenderassessment.AGAPrepresentsaroadmapforaninstitutionororganisationtobecomemoregender-responsiveandtransformativebyintegratinggenderequalityintoitspolicies,practices,andoperations.Thisapproachalignswithestablishedinternationalframeworksforgendermainstreamingindevelopmentfinanceandindustrialprogrammes.

AccordingtoUNIDO(2019),genderactionplanstackleinequalitiesidentifiedinthreemaindimensionsforgendermainstreamingininstitutions,namelystructural,personnel,andoutputdimension.Thestructuraldimensionfocusesonintegratingagenderperspectiveinpoliciesandprocedures.Thepersonneldimensionfocusesonimprovinggenderequalitycompetenciesandgender-balancedrepresentation.Theoutputdimensionaimstocontributetopositiveexternalchangetowardsgenderequalitythroughtheinstitution'sresults,services,andproducts.

TheAsianDevelopmentBank(2016)emphasisesthatgenderactionplanscanincludeactionstoaddressgenderinequalitiesthatareobservableandmeasurable,suchasthegenderpaygapandtheunder-representationofwomenintechnicalandleadershiproles.Theycanalsoaddresssubtleinequalitiesembeddedwithinthecultureofaninstitution,suchasgenderstereotypesandbiasesthatshapeexpectationsintheworkplace,includingperceivingmenasnottakingparentalleaveorwomenasbeinglessinterestedinleadershiproles.Additionally,GAPsshouldrecogniseintersectinginequalities,acknowledgingthatgenderinteractswithcharacteristicssuchasage,socioeconomicsituation,disability,race,ethnicity,religion,andruralorurbanlocation.

TheEnergySectorManagementAssistanceProgram(ESMAP,2018)outlinesseveralstagestodevelopaGAP.First,conductingacomprehensivegenderassessmentwhichincludesgenderequalitygapsanalysis.Second,outliningthegenderequalitygoalstheinstitutionaimstoachieveandthespecificactionstocarryouttoaddressthegendergaps.Third,presentingthetimeframeandhumanandfinancialresourcesforimplementation.Fourth,describingproceduresformonitoringandevaluatingprogress.

Thisgenderassessmentreport,aspartoftheGAP,utilisedqualitativeassessmentmethodologyanalysis,includingdeskstudyforliteraturereviewsonexistinggenderpolicies,financialregulations,andindustrialgenderinclusionframeworks.Literaturereviewoffersacriticalexaminationofexistingtheories,frameworks,andpracticesrelatedtogenderandenergyfinancing.Inaddition,inconductingthedeskstudy,secondarydatafromstatisticalreportsaswellasEnvironmental,Social,andGovernance(ESG)reportswerecollected.Forprimarydatacollection,in-depthinterviewswerearrangedforthegenderassessmentactivities.

Atthedevelopmentofthegenderassessmentstage,severalactivitieswereconductedtoassesstheexistingconditionofgenderintegrationinregulatorybodies,financial

5|GenderAssessmentReport

intermediaries,andindustrialenterprises.ThefirstphaseinvolvedpreliminarysurveysorFGDsforgenderassessmentdevelopment.ThisphasefocusedoncollectingbaselineinformationthroughsurveysorfocusgroupdiscussionsconductedduringworkshopsorganisedbytheASEANCentreforEnergy(ACE)inMay2025,attendedbyFinancialServicesAuthority(OJK),MinistryofEnergyandMineralResources(KESDM),numbersoflocalFinancialIntermediaries,andIndustryEnterprises.ThesediscussionsservedasthefoundationfortheGenderAssessmentandaimedtoexplorebasicknowledgeandperceptionsofstakeholdersregardingindustrialenergyefficiencyfinancing,genderinclusivity,andaccesstofinance;existingpolicysupportthatenablesorhindersgenderinclusioninfinancingmechanisms;andopportunitiesandchallengesinmainstreaminggenderwithinenergyfinancingprocesses.

Thefindingsfromthisphasewerecrucialforidentifyinggapsinawareness,policy,andinstitutionalcapacity,andinformedthedevelopmentofguidelinesandstrategiesinsubsequents