高三英语阅读理解(科普环保)技巧小结及练习题及解析

高三英语阅读理解(科普环保)技巧小结及练习题及解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Asharkmovingaroundthecoastlineisnormallyaworryingsight，butthiswaterbornedrone(无人机)threatensfloatingrubbishinsteadofpeople.

DevelopedbyDutchcompanyRanMarine,theWasteSharktakesnatureasitsinspirationwithitswhaleshark-likemouth.Responsibleforcollectingwaste,thedronewillbeginoperationsinDubaiMarinainNovemberafterayearoftrialswithlocalpartnerEcocoast.

AccordingtoRanMarine,theWasteSharkisavailableinbothautonomousandremote-controlledmodels.Measuringjustoverfivefeetbythree-and-a-halffeet(1.5metersby1.1meter),itcancarryupto352poundsofrubbish(159.6kg)andhasanoperationalbatterylifeof16hours.

By2016therewereapproximately150milliontonsofplasticintheworld'soceans.OnepaperfromDecember2014estimatedthatoveraquarterofamilliontonsofoceanplasticpollutionwasafloat.

"WasteSharkalsohastheabilitiestogatherairandwaterqualitydata,removechemicalsoutofthewatersuchasoil,andheavymetals,andscantheseabedtoreaditsdepthandoutlines,"saidOliverCunningham,oneoftheco-foundersofRanMarine."Fittedwithacollision-avoidancesystem,thedroneuseslaserimagingdetectionandrangingtechnologytodetectanobjectinitspathandstoporbackupiftheobjectapproaches."

"Ourdronesaredesignedtomovethroughawatersystem,whetherit'saroundtheperimeter(周边)orthroughthecityitself.Thedronesarethatlastlineofdefensebetweenthecityandtheopenocean,"addedCunningham."WasteSharksareoperatinginDubai,SouthAfricaandtheNetherlandsandcost$17,000fortheremote-controlledmodelandjustunder$23,000fortheautonomousmodel."

Dubai-basedoperatorEcocoasthastwoWasteSharkdrones.Co-founderDanaLipartssaystheywillcleanwaterfrontsforclientsincludinghotelsandenvironmentalauthoritiesandthatEcocoast'intentionistohavethecollectedrubbishrecycledorupcycled.However,Lipartsarguesthatcleaningwaterwaysdoesn'thaveaone-size-fits-allsolutionandrequiresacombinationofnewtechnology,preventativemeasuresandchangingpeople'sattitudestowardslittering.（1）WhatdoweknowabouttheWasteShark?A.

Itcanfrightensharksaway.B.

Itisanoceanexplorer.C.

Itisarubbishcollector.D.

Itcancatchfishinsteadofpeople.（2）WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytellus?A.

Thecausesofoceanpollution.B.

Thedangersofusingplastics.C.

Theseverityofoceangarbagepollution.D.

Theimportanceofoceanprotection.（3）WhatwilltheWasteSharkdowithanapproachingobject?A.

Avoidcrashingintoit.

B.

Breakitintopieces.

C.

Swallowit.

D.

Flyoverit.（4）WhichofthefollowingideasdoesLipartsagreewith?A.

TheWasteSharkshouldbeusedmorewidely.B.

Moremeasuresshouldbetakentomakewaterclean.C.

TheproductioncostofWasteSharksshouldbereduced.D.

Peopleshouldtakeapositiveattitudetonewtechnology.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍一种水上无人机可以用于清理浮在水面上的垃圾。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Responsibleforcollectingwaste,thedronewillbeginoperationsinDubaiMarinainNovemberafterayearoftrialswithlocalpartnerEcocoast.”可知，这种无人机是用来清理垃圾的，故选C。（2）考查段落大意。根据第四段中的“By2016therewereapproximately150milliontonsofplasticintheworld'soceans.OnepaperfromDecember2014estimatedthatoveraquarterofamilliontonsofoceanplasticpollutionwasafloat.”可知，预计到2016年，海洋里会有1.5亿吨垃圾，估计约有25万吨垃圾漂浮在海洋上，故可知，本段主要讲述海洋垃圾的严重性，故选C。（3）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的"Fittedwithacollision-avoidancesystem,thedroneuseslaserimagingdetectionandrangingtechnologytodetectanobjectinitspathandstoporbackupiftheobjectapproaches."可知，配备防碰撞系统，无人机使用激光来探测物体，用测距技术来探测前方是否有物体，如果探测到物体，无人机就会停下来或者后退，故选A。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“However,Lipartsarguesthatcleaningwaterwaysdoesn'thaveaone-size-fits-allsolutionandrequiresacombinationofnewtechnology,preventativemeasuresandchangingpeople'sattitudestowardslittering.”可知，这种无人机并非解决水上垃圾污染的万全之策，需要多措并举，才能达到目的，故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。2．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

AgainstthesuppositionthatforestfiresinAlaska,CanadaandSiberiawarmtheclimate,scientistshavediscoveredthatcoolingmayoccurinareaswhereburnttreesallowmoresnowtomirrormoresunlightintospace.

Thisfindingsuggeststhattakingstepstopreventnorthernforesttolimitthereleaseofgreenhousegasesmaywarmtheclimateinnorthernregions.Usuallylargefiresdestroyedforestsintheseareasoverthepastdecade.Scientistspredictthatwithclimatewarming,firesmayoccurmorefrequentlyovernextseveralcenturiesasaresultofalongerfireseason.Sunlighttakeninbytheearthtendstocausewarming,whileheatmirroredbackintospacetendstocausecooling.

Thisisthefirststudytoanalyzeallaspectsofhownorthernfiresinfluenceclimate.Earlierstudiesbyotherscientistshavesuggestedthatfireinnorthernregionsspeedupclimatewarmingbecausegreenhousegasesfromburningtreesandplantsarereleasedintotheatmosphereandthustrapheat.

Scientistsfoundthatrightafterthefire,largeamountsofgreenhousegasesenteredtheatmosphereandcausedwarming.Ozone(臭氧)levelsincreased,andashfromthefirefellonfar-offseaice,darkeningthesurfaceandcausingmoreradiationfromthesuntobetakenin.Thefollowingspring,however,thelandwithintheareaofthefirewasbrighterthanbeforethefire,becausefewertreescoveredtheground.Snowonthegroundmirroredmoresunlightbackintospace,leadingtocooling.

"Weneedtofindoutallpossiblewaystoreducethegrowthofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere."Scientiststrackedthechangeinamountofradiationenteringandleavingtheclimatesystemasaresultofthefire,andfoundameasurementcloselyrelatedtotheglobalairtemperature.Typically,fireinnorthernregionsoccursinthesameareaevery80to150years.Scientists,however,foundthatwhenfireoccursmorefrequently,moreradiationislostfromtheearthandcoolingresults.Specifically,theydeterminedwhenfirereturns20yearsearlierthanpredicated,0.5wattspersquaremeterofareaburnedaresoakedupbytheearthfromgreenhousegases,but0.9wattspersquaremeterwillbesentbackintospace.Theneteffectiscooling.Wattsareusedtomeasuretherateatwhichenergyisgainedorlostfromtheearth.（1）Accordingtothenewfindings,takingstepstopreventnorthernforestfiresmay________.A.

resultinawarmingclimate

B.

causetheforestfirestooccurmorefrequentlyC.

leadtoalongerfireseason

D.

protecttheforestsandtheenvironmentthere（2）ThefollowingarealltheimmediateeffectsafteraforestfireEXCEPT________.A.

largeamountsofgreenhousegasesentertheatmosphereB.

thelevelsofozonewhichisatypeofoxygenincreaseC.

snowonthegroundmirrorsmoresunlightbackintospaceD.

ashesfromthefirefallontheicesurfaceandtakeinmoreradiationfromthesun（3）Earlierstudiesaboutnorthernforestfires________.A.

analyzeallaspectsofhownorthernfiresinfluenceclimateB.

indicatethatforestfireswillpollutetheatmosphereC.

suggestthatpeopleshouldtakemeasurestoprotecttheenvironmentD.

suggestthatthefireswillspeedupclimatewarming（4）Theunderlinedphrase"soakup"inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans________.A.

released

B.

absorbed

C.

created

D.

distributed（5）FromthepassagewecandrawaconclusionthatforestfiresinAlaska,CanadaandSiberiamay________.A.

warmtheclimateasthesuppositiongoesB.

allowmoresnowtoreflectmoresunlightintospaceandthuscooltheclimateC.

destroylargeareasofforestsandpollutethefar-offseaiceD.

helptogainmoreenergyratherthanreleasemoreenergy【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）B（5）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了阿拉斯加、加拿大和西伯利亚的森林大火使气候变暖，科学家们已经发现，在燃烧的树木允许更多的雪将更多的阳光反射到太空的地区可能会发生冷却。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Thisfindingsuggeststhattakingstepstopreventnorthernforestfirestolimitthereleaseofgreenhousegasesmaywarmtheclimateinnorthernregions”这样的措施最终导致了北部地区的气候变暖。故选A。（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Thefollowingspring,however,thelandwithintheareaofthefirewasbrighterthanbeforethefire,becausefewertreescoveredtheground.Snowonthegroundmirroredmoresunlightbackintospace,leadingtocooling.”可知地上的雪反射阳光这是大火的间接的影响，是在第二年春天的时候发生的事情，并不是immediateeffects。故选C。（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Earlierstudiesbyotherscientistshavesuggestedthatfireinnorthernregionsspeedupclimatewarmingbecausegreenhousegasesfromburningtreesandplantsarereleasedintotheatmosphereandthustrapheat.”可知早期关于北方森林火灾的研究建议大火将加速气候变暖，故选D。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的““0.5wattspersquaremeterofareaburnedaresoakedupbytheearthfromgreenhousegases,but0.9wattspersquaremeterwillbesentbackintospace.”可知该词与sendback该词相反的意思，故应该指吸收，因为sendback指反射。故选B。（5）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“scientistshavediscoveredthatcoolingmayoccurinareaswhereburnttreesallowmoresnowtomirrormoresunlightintospace.”可知从这个研究中得到的结论是B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Supercomputerswhichcananalysebloodsamplesandpredictwhichpatientsarelikelytobecomeseriouslyillcouldsavetensofthousandsoflivesayear,itwasrevealedlastnight,accordingtoTheDailyExpress.

Theartificialintelligence(AI)system,developedatUniversityCollegeLondonandsettobepilotedinNHShospitalslaterthisyear,willscreen"atrisk"patientssodoctorscantakeearlyactiontopreventdeathorseriousillness.ProfYoung,aconsultantsurgeonatSouthendUniversityHospital,said:"Iamsoexcitedaboutthisformoftechnology."Insteadofpeoplegettingsickordyingbecausetheyarenotpickedupintime,thiswillallowustostepinearlierwhichwillsavelivesandanenormousamountofmoney."IthinkthepotentialofAIinhealthcarelikethisisasbigastheIndustrialRevolutionwas—andsignalsacompletelynewexampleinthewaywemanagehealthcare."

ThetechnologyisthebrainchildofDrVishalNangalia,aconsultantattheRoyalFreeHospitalinLondon.HeusedAItoanalyseabillionstoredbloodsamplesfrom20differentUKhospitaltrustsdatingbackupto12years.Computersassessbloodtestresultsbypickingupsubtlechangesinredandwhitebloodcells,suggestingapatientisgoingdownhill.

Hefoundthetechniqueforecastoutcomesofpatientswithkidneyproblemswithupto95percentaccuracy.Traditionalmethodshighlightingseriouspatientconcernspickedupasfewas16percentofpatientswhowentontodie."Thisgivesustheopportunitynotonlytosavelivesbuttopreventseriousillness,makingthehealthservicenotonlysaferbutmoreefficient."ProfYoungsaid,"Insteadofwaitingforpeopletogetworse,wewillbeabletotreatthemearlier."（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"screen"inParagraph2mean?A.

comfort

B.

treat

C.

spot

D.

nurse（2）Howdosupercomputershelpsavelives?A.

Bystoringbloodsamples.

B.

Byanalyzingpatients'cases.C.

Byobservingchangesinbloodcells.

D.

Byassistingdoctorswiththeiroperations.（3）WhydidProfessorYoungmentiontheIndustrialRevolution?A.

ToshowtheinfluenceofAI.B.

Tostresstheimportanceofhealthcare.C.

Tointroducethetopicofsupercomputers.D.

Topresenttheachievementhehasaccomplished.（4）Whatdoweknowaboutthenewtechnology?A.

Ithelpspatientsrecoverearlier.B.

Ithashelpedsavethousandsoflives.C.

Itwillpromotethehealthservicegreatly.D.

Itisintendedforpatientswithkidneydiseases.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍超级计算机能够分析血样并预测哪些病人可能会患上重病，每年可以挽救数万人的生命。（1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“sodoctorscantakeearlyactiontopreventdeathorseriousillness.”以便医生能够及早采取行动，预防死亡或严重疾病，可以猜测出，人工智能将用于对高危病人进行“筛查”。此处screen意为“筛查”。故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Computersassessbloodtestresultsbypickingupsubtlechangesinredandwhitebloodcells,suggestingapatientisgoingdownhill.”可知，计算机通过检测红细胞和白细胞的细微变化来评估血液检测结果。故选C。（3）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"IthinkthepotentialofAIinhealthcarelikethisisasbigastheIndustrialRevolutionwas—andsignalsacompletelynewexampleinthewaywemanagehealthcare."杨教授认为，人工智能在医疗保健领域的潜力与工业革命一样大，以此类比，说明人工智能在医疗领域的影响力。故选A。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Insteadofwaitingforpeopletogetworse,wewillbeabletotreatthemearlier."可知，这项技术将能够更早地治疗患者，而不是坐等病情恶化，从而推断，人工智能这一科技帮助医生对疾病诊疗早预判，早介入，从而帮助挽救大量生命，将大大促进卫生服务。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。4．犇犇Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

Whilefakingandfiercelooksareamonganimalsgreatdefenses,manyspeciesknowthateveryonerunsfromabigstink(臭气)too.

Vulture(秃鸳)

Vultures,arestreetsweepersthatfeastontherottingfleshofdeadanimals,whichbenefitsusbyriddingourhighwaysandlandscapesofanimalbodiesandthebacteriatheymightcarry.Whenvulturesfeelthreatenedtheyvomit,andthesmellofvomited-ondeadbodiesputsofmostpredators.Throwingupallowsthevulturetoflyawaymorequickly-andthevomitcanhurttheaggressor'seyesandface.

Opossum(负鼠)

Insomewaysopossumshaveiteasy.Inordertobecome"dead",theydon'thavetofaxanyoneadeathcertificate.Theyjustlietherewiththeirtongueshangingoutwiththesmellofdeadflesh,sometimesforhours,effectivelyconvincingpotentialpredatorstheycanfindamuchfreshermealelsewhere.Eveniftheykeepgettingattacked,theywon'tmoveanymorethanahumanstatueuntilthethreathaspassed.

Hoatzin(磨雉)

Holdyournoseandmeetthehoatzin,abirdofdistinctions,nottheleastofwhichisthatitsmellslikefreshcowshit.Theanimalmostlyeatsleavesandit'stheonlybirdknowntodigestbyfermentation,likeacow.Thisprocessiswhatcausesitssmellandhasearneditthenicknamethe"stinkbird

Millipedes(千足虫)

Millipedesaretricky.Forstarterstheylookwormy.Theirnameisdeceptive,too:Theirlegsnumberabout750.Theirmajordefenseistocurlupintoaball.They,though,alsoreleaseaharmeyes,andleaveahorriblesmellontheirattackers.

SeaHare(海兔)

Thegracefulseahareisplainintasteinthefirstplace,soit'snotthemostpopulardishintheseafoodchain.Nonethelessthistypeofseacreaturehasaprettycreativesmell-relateddefensethatisalmosttheoppositeofitssmellycompanionsonthislist.Theseaharegivesoutaslimy,purpleink,thesubstancewhichmakesfoodlesspalatabletopredators.

Researchersusinglobsters(2-f)asmodelpredatorsfoundthattheseablocksthelobstersreceptivemechanism.Inotherwords,theseaharegivesitsattackertheequivalentofastuffynosesotheydon'tknowhowappealingitis.（1）Theseaharedefendsitselffrompredatorsby________.A.

becomingplainintasteatthediscoveryofapredatorB.

givingoutpurpleinktomakeitselfinvisibletopredatorsC.

releasingsubstancetomakepredatorsunabletosmellitD.

givingoffsmellygastotrytodrivepredatorsaway（2）WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.

Thevulturecarriesbacteriasothatpredatorsdarenotgetclosetoit.B.

Theopossumfakesitsdeathtoavoidbeingtargetedbypredators.C.

Thehoatzineatscowshitsothatitisnick-namedas"stinkbird".D.

Thegasreleasedbymillipedewasbasicallyharmless.（3）Thespeciesthatenjoysmorethanonedefensemechanismis________.A.

vulture

B.

opossum

C.

millipede

D.

seahare【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些野生动物是如何进行自身防御的。（1）考查细节理解。根据

SeaHare(海兔)部分中的“Theseaharegivesoutaslimy,purpleink,thesubstancewhichmakesfoodlesspalatabletopredators.”可知，海兔身上散发出黏糊糊的紫色墨水，这种物质使得捕食者对食物不那么感兴趣，从而保护自己免受捕食者的伤害。故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据

Opossum(负鼠)部分中的“Inordertobecome‘dead’,theydon'thavetofaxanyoneadeathcertificate.Theyjustlietherewiththeirtongueshangingoutwiththesmellofdeadflesh,sometimesforhours,effectivelyconvincingpotentialpredatorstheycanfindamuchfreshermealelsewhere.”可知，负鼠假装死亡，让捕食者在其他地方找到更新鲜的食物，以避免成为捕食者的目标。故选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据Millipedes(千足虫)部分中的“Theirmajordefenseistocurlupintoaball.They,though,alsoreleaseaharmeyes,andleaveahorriblesmellontheirattackers.”可知，千足虫主要防守是蜷成一团。然而，它们也会释放出有害的

眼睛，并在攻击者身上留下可怕的气味。从而可以推断出，千足虫是拥有多种防御机制的物种。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。5．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Throughoutmuchofhumanhistory,manhasbeenthemeasureofmany,ifnotall,things.Lengthsweredividedupintofeetandsmallerunitsfromthehumanhand.Othermeasureswereequallycharacteristic.Mediterraneantradersforcenturiesusedtheweightofgrainsofwheattodefine(定义)theirunitsofmass.TheRomansusedlibra,forerunnerofthepound,byreferringtotheweightofacarob(角豆树)seed.

Thesizesofsimilarlynamedunitscouldalsodiffer.Theking'sfoot,usedinFrancefornearly1,000yearsafteritsintroductionbyCharlemagneinaround790AD,was,at32.5cm,aroundacentimetershorterthantheBelgicfoot,usedinEnglanduntil1300.Greek,EgyptianandBabylonianversionsofwaterinafixedcontainervariedfromoneanotherbyafewkilos,Norwasthereagreementonsuchthingswithincountries.InFrance,wheretherewasnounified(统一的)measurementsystematthenationallevel,thesituationwasparticularlyterrible.Thelieue(formermeasureofdistance),forexample,variedfromjustover3kminthenorthtonearly6kminthesouth.

AlthoughJohnWilkins,anEnglishman,firstputforwardadecimalsystem(十进制)ofmeasurementin1668,itwastheFrenchwhoin1799madeitlaw.TheSystèmeInternationald'Unités(SI,orthemetricsystem,asitisbetterknown)developedfromitandbecametheofficialmeasurementinallcountriesexceptMyanmar,LiberiaandtheUnitedStates.NowtheInternationalBureauofWeightsandMeasuresinParisissettogivethemetricsystemitsbiggestshake-upyet.

AtameetinginVersailles,France,onNovember16th,2018,theworld'smeasurementbodiesarealmostcertaintoapproveadecisionthatwillmeanfouroutofthesevenbaseSIunits,includingthekilogram,willfollowtheotherthree,includingthemetre,inbeingredefinedintermsofthevaluesofphysicalconstants(物理常数).Eachofthechosenconstantshasbeenmeasuredincrediblyprecisely,whichwouldmeanthatfromMay20th2019theconstantswillthemselvesbefixedattheircurrentvaluesforever.Anylaboratoryintheworldwillthenbeabletomeasure,forexample,themassofanobjectaspreciselyastheaccuracyoftheirequipmentwillallow.（1）WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytellus?A.Poundwentbeforelibrainmeasurement.B.Differentthingsusedtobeadoptedasmeasures.C.GrainswereacceptedasmeasuresbytheRomans.D.Fixedmeasurementsystemsweregraduallyformed.（2）Howdoestheauthordevelopthesecondparagraph?A.Intimeorder.B.Byanalysis.C.Inspaceorder.D.Bycomparison.（3）WhichofthefollowingcountriesusedSIasanofficialmeasurement?A.France.B.Liberia.C.America.D.Myanmar.（4）Whatwilltheworld'smeasurementbodiesachieveatthemeetingheldinVersailles?A.TheywillcomeupwithsevennewSIunits.B.TheywillsetMay20thasanewinternationalfestival.C.TheywillredefinefourSIunitsincludingthekilogram.D.Theywilldecideonanewmeasureusedinthelaboratory.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，法国凡尔赛宫举办的国际计量大会，将对目前使用的国际单位制中的四个基本单位进行重新定义，其中包括对千克的重新定义。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“manhasbeenthemeasureofmany,ifnotall,things”以及下文提到的用作计量单位的手、脚、谷物重量和参考角豆种子重量的磅可知，本段主要讲述了不同的东西被用作计量单位。故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Theking'sfoot...aroundacentimetreshorterthantheBelgicfoot”和“Greek,EgyptianandBabylonianversionsofwaterinafixedcontainervariedfromoneanotherbyafewkilos,以及Thelieue(formermeasureofdistance),forexample,variedfromjustover3kminthenorthtonearly6kminthesouth”可推知，本段作者主要运用了对比的写作方法，把同一计量单位在不同国家之间或者在同一国家不同区域间的差异进行了说明。故选D。（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“itwastheFrenchwhoin1799madeitlaw和TheSystèmeInternationald'Unités(SI,orthemetricsystem,asitisbetterknown)developedfromitandbecametheofficialmeasurementinallcountriesexceptMyanmar,LiberiaandtheUnitedStates”可知，在所给出的四个国家中，只有法国采用国际单位制(SI)。国际单位制是现时世界上最普遍采用的标准度量衡单位系统，采用十进制进位系统。故选A。（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“AtameetinginVersailles,France,onNovember16th,2018,theworld'smeasurementbodiesarealmostcertaintoapproveadecisionthatwillmeanfouroutofthesevenbaseSIunits...willfollowtheotherthree...inbeingredefinedintermsofthevaluesofphysicalconstants”可知，在法国凡尔赛宫召开的会议上，七个基本计量单位中的四个将被重新定义，其中包括对千克的重新定义。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。6．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Onespringday,oncetheflowershavebeguntoopen,abeewillhover(盘旋)andzipthroughyouryardanddive-bombyourpicnictable.Whileyou'rethinkingaboutavoidinganattack,thatbeeisfocusedonsomethingelseentirely:me.

Ahoneybeehasaboutsixweekstolive.Today,likemostdays,hertaskistoflyasmanyasthreemilesfromhome,stickherlong,straw-liketongueintoahundredorsoflowers.Whenthebeehashadherfill,shellflyhome.Therethebeewilldepositwhatshehasgotintothemouthofoneofherco-workers,whowillrelayittoanother,andsoonforabout20minutes,untilthemixtureisreadytobeplacedintothecomb.Thensheandher50000orsomateswillhoverinthedarkallnighteverynight,flappingtheirwingstocreatehot,breezyconditionstoremovethewaterfromthemixture.Severalsunriseslater,theywillsealmeoffinagoldencellofbeeswax.Inherlifetime,ourbeemayvisit4,000flowers,andyetwillproduceonlyone-twelfthofateaspoonofme.

TheaverageAmericanconsumesnearlyapoundandahalfofmeeveryyear,intea,ontoast,andbeyond.IfIdosaysomyself,Iamatimelesstreasure.Literally—Inevergobad.

Alas,mygoodhealthisnotguaranteed.Theproblemliesinthegrowthofindustrialagricultureandtheuseofpestcontrolchemicals,aswellaschangesinweatherpatterns,allofwhichreducethenumberofflowersbeeshavetovisitI'dappreciateyourlettingyourowngardengrowjustalittlewildMyfuturedependsonallofusfosteringspringandsummerswildflowers,thushelpingthebees,whogivesomuch—toyou,tome—withouteveraskingforanythinginreturn.（1）Whatdoes"me"refertointhepassage?A.

Theflower

B.

Thebee

C.

Water

D.

Honey（2）Whatisthe2ndparagraphmainlyabout?A.

Bees'specialtalent

B.

Bees'hardwork.C.

Bees'livingenvironment.

D.

Bees'socialbehavior.（3）Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.

Toappealforhelpforhoneybees.

B.

Totalkaboutthehistoryofatreasure.C.

Toputforwardtechniquesforgardeners.

D.

Toargueagainstthecontrolofchemicals.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，用拟人的手法，以蜂蜜的口吻，介绍了蜜蜂虽然只有六周左右的寿命，但用其一生辛勤为人类酿造蜂蜜，人类应该保护蜜蜂。（1）考查代词指代。根据第一段中的“Whileyou'rethinkingaboutavoidinganattack,thatbeeisfocusedonsomethingelseentirely"可知，当你在想如何避免蜜蜂的攻击时，其实蜜蜂完全专注于其他的东西——蜜，由此可知me指的就是蜜，故选D。（2）考查主旨大意。通读第二段内容可知，本段主要介绍了蜜蜂虽然只有六周左右的寿命，但用其一生辛勤采蜜，为人类酿造蜂蜜，由此可知本段主要介绍的是蜜蜂的辛勤工作，故选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"thushelpingthebees,whogivesomuch—toyou,tome—withouteveraskingforanythinginreturn."可知，这篇文章的目的是呼吁人们帮助为人类辛勤采蜜的蜜蜂，故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及代词指代，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。7．犇犇阅读理解

IfplastichadbeeninventedwhenthePilgrimssailedfromPlymouth,England,toNorthAmerica-andtheirMayflowerhadbeenstockedwithbottledwaterandplastic-wrappedsnacks,theirplasticwastewouldlikelystillbearoundfourcenturieslater.Atlanticwavesandsunlightwouldhavewornallthatplasticintotinybits.Andthosebitsmightstillbefloatingaroundtheworld'soceanstoday,waitingtobeeatenbysomefishoroyster,andfinallyperhapsbyoneofus.

Becauseplasticwasn'tinventeduntilthelate19thcentury,anditsproductiononlyreallytookoffaround1950,wehaveamere9.2billiontonsofthestufftodealwith.Ofthat,morethan6.9billiontonshavebecomewaste.Andofthatwaste,asurprising6.3billiontonsnevermadeittoarecyclingbin-thefigurethatshockedthescientistswhopublishedthenumbersin2017.

Nooneknowshowmuchunrecycledplasticwasteendsupintheocean,theearth'slastsink.In2015,JennaJambeckaUniversityofGeorgiaengineeringprofessor,caughteveryone'sattentionwitharoughestimatebetween5.3millionand14milliontonsofplasticwasteeachyearjustcomefromcoastalregions.

Meanwhile,oceanplasticisestimatedtokillmillionsofmarine(海洋的）animalseveryyear.Nearly700species,includingendangeredones,areknowntohavebeenaffectedbyit.Someareharmedvisibly,stuckbyabandonedthingsmadeofplastic.Manymoreareprobablyharmedinvisibly.Marinespeciesofallsizes,fromzooplanktontowhales,noweatmicroplas-tics,thebitssmallerthanone-fifthofaninchacross.

"Thisisn'taproblemwherewedon'tknowwhatthesolutionis,"saysTedSiegler,aVermontresourceeconomistwhohasspentmorethan25yearsworkingwithdevelopingnationsongarbage."Weknowhowtopickupgarbage.Anyonecandoit.Weknowhowtodealwithit.Weknowhowtorecycle."It'samatterofbuildingthenecessaryinstitutionsandsystems,hesays,ideallybeforetheoceanturnsintoathinsoupofplastic.（1）WhydoestheauthormentionthePilgrimsinparagraph1?A.

Toproveplasticwasdifficulttoinvent.B.

Tointroducewhatmarineanimalslikeeating.C.

TotellthePilgrimscontributedalottothemarineprotection.D.

Toshow