高一英语阅读理解(教育文化)技巧和方法完整版及练习题及解析

高一英语阅读理解(教育文化)技巧和方法完整版及练习题及解析一、高中英语阅读理解教育文化类1．阅读理解

BrianGreene,aprofessorofphysicsandmathematicsatColumbiaUniversity,hascreatedanonlinescienceeducationplatform.Hetriesto"buildabridge"withthingsyouknowabout,andthen"bringyouacrossthatbridgetothestrangeplaceofmodernphysics".

RecentlyIhadachancetoaskGreeneaboutwormholes(aholewhichsomescientiststhinkmightexist,connectingpartsofspaceandtimethatarenotusuallyconnected),timetravelandothermysteriesoftheuniverse.Iaskedhimamillion-dollarquestion:WhatifIwentthroughaworm-holeandpreventedmyparentsfrommeeting?"Mostofusbelievethattheuniversemakessense,"Greenesaid.Althoughthereareseveralinterestingtheoriesabouttimetravel,headded,thelawsofphysicswouldprobablypreventsomethingsoillogicalfromtakingplace.Thegoodnewsisthatthetimeparadox(悖论)isopenforfuturephysiciststosolve.

Whenaskedhowphysicscouldbecomemoreexcitingforkids,GreenesaidthatbooksbyStephenWeinberg,LeonardSusskind,andotherphysicists,"makeitagreattimeforpeoplewhowanttolearnaboutbigideasbutaren'tyetready,perhaps,tolearnmaths".

WhenIpointedoutthatsomestudentsstillmightfindphysicsboring,Greenesaidthatthekeyistoteachthemaboutthingsthatarestrange."Thebasicstuffisimportant,"Greenesaid."ButIthinkit'sreallyimportanttoalsodescribethemoremodernideas,thingslikeblackholesandtheBigBang.Ifkidshavethoseideasinmind,thenatleastsomeofthemwillbeexcitedtolearnallthedetails."

GreenehasfollowedAlbertEinstein'sleadintryingtosolvethemysteriesoftheuniverse.Nowhewantskidstodothesame.AsGreenesaid,physicsis"notjustamatterofsolvingproblemsinanexam".It'saboutexperimenting,showinganinterestinstrangephenomena(现象)—andhavingfun!（1）Amillion-dollarquestionisprobablyvery

.A.directB.difficultC.personalD.long（2）ThebooksbyWeinbergandSusskind

.A.areboringtoreadB.aremainlyaboutmathsC.arepopularsciencebooksD.areonlypopularamongkids（3）AccordingtoParagraph4,whichofthefollowingdoesGreeneagreewith?A.Modernphysicsisaboringsubject.B.Interestplaysanimportantroleinstudying.C.Itisnotnecessarytolearnallaboutphysics.D.ItiseasytodescribeblackholesandtheBigBang.（4）Inthelastparagraph,Greenehopesthat

.A.kidscanlovescienceandphysicsB.kidscandowellinphysicsexamsC.kidscanhavefunwithexperimentsD.kidscanfindmorestrangethingsinlife【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，物理和数学教授BrianGreene希望更多的孩子可以对现代物理学感兴趣。（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段Greene对这个问题的解释以及他说需要未来的物理学家去解决可知,作者提出的这个问题非常难。故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“…booksby…‘makeitagreattimeforpeoplewhowanttolearnaboutbigideasbutaren'tyetready,perhaps,tolearnmaths'.”可知,Greene认为Weinberg和Susskind等物理学家写的书浅显易懂,适合普通大众阅读,故这些书属于受欢迎的科普读物。故选C。（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段可知,当作者指出一些学生觉得物理无聊时,Greene说重要的是向孩子们讲述一些稀奇古怪的事,并描述一些诸如黑洞和宇宙大爆炸的现代物理现象,如果孩子们知道了这些,他们中的一些就愿意了解所有详细的内容。因此可推知他认为兴趣在学习过程中起着非常重要的作用。故选B。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“GreenehasfollowedAlbertEinstein'sleadintryingtosolvethemysteriesoftheuniverse.Nowhewantskidstodothesame.”可知,Greene希望孩子们可以像他一样对科学和物理感兴趣,去探索宇宙的奥秘。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2．阅读理解

Limitingkids'recreational(消遣的)screentimetolessthantwohoursaday,alongwithenoughsleepandphysicalactivity,isassociatedwithimprovedcognition(认知),accordingtoastudypublishedinTheLancetChild&AdolescentHealth.

Thestudyincludedabout4,500USchildrenaged8to11andmeasuredtheirhabitsagainsttheCanadian24-HourMovementGuidelinesforChildrenandYouth.Itfoundthat51%ofthechildrengottherecommended(建议)ninetoelevenhoursofuninterruptedsleeppernight,37%mettherecreationalscreentimelimitoftwohoursorlessperday,while18%metthephysicalactivityrecommendationofatleast60minutesofaccumulatedphysicalactivityaday.Only5%ofthechildreninthestudymetallthreerecommendations;30%metnoneatall.

Theresearchersfoundthataseachrecommendationwasmetbyaparticipant,therewasapositiveassociationwithglobalcognition,whichincludesmemory,attention,processingspeedandlanguage.Thosewhometallthreehadthemost"superior"globalcognition,followedbythosemeetingthesleepandscreentimerecommendationandfinallythescreentimerecommendationalone,accordingtothestudy.

Otherorganizations,suchastheAmericanAcademyofPediatricshaveguidelinesinplacetohelpwiththemanagementofchildren'sscreentime.Theorganizationsuggestsputtingrealisticrulesorlimitsinplaceforhowlongyourchildrenareontheirscreens,knowingwhotheyaretalkingtoandwhattheyaredoing.Theamountofrecommendedscreentimedependsontheageofthechild.Besides,parentsshouldalsomakesuretoencouragephysicalactivityandhavebedroomrulessuchascreating"tech-freezones".（1）Whoarethetargetreadersofthispassage?A.Researchers.B.Teachers.C.Parents.D.Children.（2）Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Astudyonchildren'sscreentimeispublished.B.TheUSchildrenfailtomeetmovementguidelines.C.Organizationsareconcernedaboutchildren'scognition.D.Limitationonchildren'sscreentimeislinkedtobettercognition.（3）Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmightcontributeleasttocognition?A.Thescreentimelimit.B.Sleephours.C.Thephysicalactivitytime.D.Sleephoursandthescreentimelimit.（4）WhydoestheAmericanorganizationsuggestcreating"tech-freezones"?A.Tomakesurechildrenhaveenoughphysicalplaytime.B.Tomakesurechildrenhaveenoughsleeptime.C.Tomakesurechildrenhaverecreationaltime.D.Toprotectchildrenagainstradiation.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，建议父母们要把孩子的屏幕消遣时间限制在2小时之内、保证孩子有足够的睡眠和锻炼，因为这样做可以让孩子有更好的认知能力。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Limitingkids'recreational(消遣的)screentimetolessthantwohoursaday,alongwithenoughsleepandphysicalactivity,isassociatedwithimprovedcognition(认知),accordingtoastudypublishedinTheLancetChild&AdolescentHealth.”可知，本文主要建议父母们要把孩子的屏幕消遣时间限制在2小时之内、保证孩子有足够的睡眠和锻炼，这样做可以让孩子有更好的认知能力。所以本文的目标读者是父母们，而不是研究人员、老师或儿童。故选C。（2）考查主旨大意。本文主要建议父母们要把孩子的屏幕消遣时间限制在2小时之内、保证孩子有足够的睡眠和锻炼。根据第三段中的“Thosewhometallthreehadthemost'superior'globalcognition…”告诉父母们如果他们这样做可以让孩子有更好的认知能力。故选D。（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Thosewhometallthreehadthemost'superior'globalcognition,followedbythosemeetingthesleepandscreentimerecommendationandfinallythescreentimerecommendationalone,accordingtothestudy.”可知，满足三个要求的人认知能力最好，接下来是满足睡眠时间以及屏幕消遣限制时间，最后是满足屏幕消遣限制时间。据此推断，体育锻炼对认知能力影响最小。故选C。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Besides,parentsshouldalsomakesuretoencouragephysicalactivityandhavebedroomrulessuchascreating'tech-freezones'.”可知,theAmericanAcademyofPediatrics建议父母们给孩子设立睡眠规则，例如“tech-freezones”，目的是确保孩子在卧室里有足够的睡眠时间。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3．阅读理解

Askanynewcollegegraduateabouthisimmediategoals,anditislikelythathewilltellyouhewantsajob.Butitturnsoutthattoday'sstudentsarenotgoingtobesatisfiedwithanyjob.Accordingtothelatestsurvey,makingadifferencethroughtheirworkisessential(必要的)toyoungpeople'shappiness.

Thesurveyfoundthat72percentofgraduatingcollegeseniorsbelievebeingabletohaveapositivesocialinfluencethroughtheirworkisessentialtotheirhappiness.Makingadifferenceissoimportanttothemthat45percentsaytheywouldtakea15percentpaycuttoworkatanorganizationthathasasocialorenvironmentalinfluence,and58percentsaytheywouldtakeapaycuttoworkforanorganizationwhosevaluesarethesameastheirown.

Besidesthis,thesurveyfoundthatfemalestudentsarefarmorelikelytoputsocialinfluenceinfirstplacethantheirmaleclassmates,echoingtheresultsofaformerstudyshowingthatfemalemathsandsciencemajorsaremorelikelytosaytheygointothosefieldstomakeadifference.

Onereasonfortheemphasis(强调)onimprovingtheworldprobablyhastodowiththecultureofcolleges,whichencouragesstudentstoconnecttheirstudiesbacktoreal-worldproblems.Studentsareusedtodiscussingimportantsocialissues(问题)withtheirfriendsandprofessors,anddoingsomethingabouttheminclassorthroughvolunteeractivities.Oncestudentsdevelopthosehabits,theydon'tshutthemoffwhengraduationrollsaround.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"echoing"inparagraph3probablymean?A.Learning.B.Repeating.C.Believing.D.Creating.（2）Whatisoneofthereasonsfortheemphasisonstudentswantingtoimprovetheworld?A.Thehabitsstudentsdevelopinsociety.B.Theappearanceofimportantsocialissues.C.Theencouragementofthecultureofcolleges.D.Theeffectparents'educationhasontheirchildren.（3）Whatcanyoulearnfromthepassage?A.Youngpeoplewillsurelygainhappinessiftheycanmakeadifferenceintheirwork.B.Lessthanhalfofthecollegeseniorswilltakeapaycuttoworkwiththesamevalues.C.Mostcollegegraduatesbelieveitimportanttohaveapositivesocialinfluenceinwork.D.Femalegraduatesareallputtingmoresocialinfluenceinfirstplacethanmalegraduates.（4）Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.FemaleStudentsAreConcernedaboutSocietyB.YoungPeople'sHappinessDoesn'tDependonMoneyC.GraduatesBecomeMoreInterestedinChallengingJobsD.ManyGraduatesWouldTakeaPayCuttoMakeaDifference【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过工作能有一个积极的社会影响对年轻人的幸福至关重要。（1）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“Besidesthis,thesurveyfoundthatfemalestudentsarefarmorelikelytoputsocialinfluenceinfirstplacethantheirmaleclassmates”除此之外，调查发现女生比男生更有可能把社会影响放在第一位；以及“theresultsofaformerstudyshowingthatfemalemathsandsciencemajorsaremorelikelytosaytheygointothosefieldstomakeadifference.”以前的一项研究结果显示，数学和科学专业女学生所占的比例更有可能说她们进入这些领域是为了有所作为，可以推断出两项调查的结果是一致的。都说明了女性更愿意在工作中做出影响。故选B。（2）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Onereasonfortheemphasis(强调)onimprovingtheworldprobablyhastodowiththecultureofcolleges,whichencouragesstudentstoconnecttheirstudiesbacktoreal-worldproblems.”强调改善世界的一个原因可能与大学文化有关，大学文化鼓励学生将他们的学习与现实世界的问题联系起来。故选C。（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Thesurveyfoundthat72percentofgraduatingcollegeseniorsbelievebeingabletohaveapositivesocialinfluencethroughtheirworkisessentialtotheirhappiness.”调查发现，72%的大学毕业生认为通过工作产生积极的社会影响对他们的幸福至关重要。可知，多数的毕业生都认可工作产生的社会影响对他们而言是重要的。故选C。（4）考查主旨大意。通过第一段的调查结论得出：通过工作产生积极的社会影响对他们的幸福至关重要。所以，文章主要阐述年轻人的幸福取决于在工作中改变世界；再根据第二段中的“Makingadifferenceissoimportanttothemthat45percentsaytheywouldtakea15percentpaycuttoworkatanorganizationthathasasocialorenvironmentalinfluence,and58percentsaytheywouldtakeapaycuttoworkforanorganizationwhosevaluesarethesameastheirown.”对他们来说，改变世界是如此重要，以至于45%的人说他们愿意接受15%的减薪去为一个对社会或环境有影响的组织工作，58%的人说他们愿意接受减薪去一个与他们价值观相同的组织工作。综上所述，选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4．阅读理解

TheimportanceofreadingliteratureoftenseemslostonmanyChinesepeople.Evenexpertsineducationthinkthatthefirstgoalofeducationistoencouragealoveoflearning.Thereisthereforethepossibilityofsomethingwrongwiththewaystudentsaretaughthere.

Whyshouldtheyreadliterature?Dostorieshavevaluecomparedwiththereadingandlearningoffacts?Studiesshowclearlythatthemostpowerfulwaysoflearningarebyexperience,actionanddoingexperimentsandtakingrisks.Yettherearesomanyimportantthingstolearnthatcannotbelearnedintheseways:feelings,problemsolving,dangerandrelationships,forexample.Researchintothishasshownhowdeepreadingisavaluableexperiencedifferenttoalearningofwordsorfacts.Keen(热心的)readersof-literatureshowabetterunderstandingofothers.Theirabilitiestomakegooddecisionsareraised.Youngchildrenwhoenjoyaparentreadingstoriestothemshowgreaterawareness(意识)whentheyreachschoolage.

Thebestschoolsdoseemtoprovidealimited(有限的)chancetoenjoyliterature,usuallyabouttheChineseclassicstoriesbutthereisnotenough"free"timeforstudents.Thereareenoughreadingmaterials(材料).Chinesebookshopsarefullofstorybooks,andmostofthemareofgoodquality(质量)intermsofcontent,plot(情节)andlanguage.WastherenotaChineseauthorwhoreceivedaNobelPrizeforliteraturerecently?TherearemovesinChineseeducationtopromote(提升)decisionmakingandsharedvalues.ThevalueofliteratureishelpfultotheseaswellastothefutureofChina.（1）WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthewaystudentsareeducatedinChina?A.

Heisproudofit.

B.

Heisinterestedinit.C.

Hedoesn'tquiteacceptit.

D.

Heisconfidentaboutit.（2）Whichisnotamongthemostpowerfulwaysoflearningaccordingtoparagraph2?A.

Byexperience.

B.

Bytakingrisks.

C.

Byreadingdeeply.

D.

Bydoingexperiments.（3）Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?A.

Readingliteraturehelpsdevelopgoodvalues.B.

Chinesestudentslikereadingstoriesastheygetolder.C.

StoriesinChinesebookstoresaregenerallyofpoorquality.D.

Chinesestudentshavenochancetoreadenoughmaterials.（4）What'sthemainideaofthetext?A.

Literatureisakindofart.B.

Readingliteratureshouldbevalued.C.

Goodreadingmaterialsareingreatneed.D.

SomethingiswrongwithChineseeducation.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了阅读文学作品应当受到重视，以及阅读文学作品的原因。最后作者指出文学的价值不仅有助于促进决策制定和价值观共享的举措，而且有助于中国的未来。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Thereisthereforethepossibilityofsomethingwrongwiththewaystudentsaretaughthere.”因此，这里的学生的教育方式可能有问题。可知作者不太接受中国学生的教育方式。故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Studiesshowclearlythatthemostpowerfulwaysoflearningarebyexperience,actionanddoingexperimentsandtakingrisks.”研究清楚地表明，最有效的学习方法是通过经验、行动、实验和冒险。可知深入阅读的学习方法不是最有效的。故选C。（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“TherearemovesinChineseeducationtopromotedecisionmakingandsharedvalues.ThevalueofliteratureishelpfultotheseaswellastothefutureofChina.”中国的教育中有一些促进决策制定和价值观共享的举措。文学的价值不仅有助于这些，而且有助于中国的未来。可知阅读文学有助于培养良好的价值观。故选A。（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“TheimportanceofreadingliteratureoftenseemslostonmanyChinesepeople.”许多中国人似乎忽视了阅读文学作品的

重要性；以及最后一段中的“TherearemovesinChineseeducationtopromotedecisionmakingandsharedvalues.ThevalueofliteratureishelpfultotheseaswellastothefutureofChina.”中国的教育中有一些促进决策制定和价值观共享的举措。文学的价值不仅有助于这些，而且有助于中国的未来。结合文章主要内容为说明阅读文学作品的重要性，故可知文章的主旨大意是阅读文学作品应该受到重视。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。5．阅读理解

YoungmumsshoppingintheCopleyMallindowntownBoston-monthfoundthemselvesbeingquestionedabouttheiruseofsoapbystudentsfromHarvardBusinessSchoolusuallyknownasHBS.Thestudentswerenotdoingoddjobstoearnbeermoney.TheywerepreparingtohelpafirminBrazillaunchanantibacterialcleanser.

The900studentsarrivinginBostonthissummerfortheirtwo-yearcourseweretoldthattheywouldbesubjects.ThenewpracticaladditiontoHBS'scurriculumisknownas"FIELD"thatstandsforFieldImmersionExperiencesforLeadershipDevelopment.Fieldwork—ie,goingoutandtalkingtopeople—isabigchangeforHBS.

Notallthestaffandstudentswereoverjoyedtobeexperimentedon.Butthemanresponsible,NitinNohria,headofHBS,saysthat"Ifitworks,theFIELDmethodcouldbecomeanequalpartnertothecasemethod."

Whathappensinthesecondyearofthenewcourseisstillbeingworkedout.Butthefirstyearhasthreeelements.First,team-buildingexercises.Studentstaketurnstoleadagroupengagedinaproject.Theylearntocooperateandtogiveandtakefeedback.Second,studentswillbesenttoworkforaweekwithoneofmorethan140firmsin11countries.Inthethirdpartofthecourse,studentswillbegiveneightweeks,andseedmoneyof＄3,000each,tolaunchasmallcompany.Themostsuccessful,asvotedbytheirfellowstudents,willgetmorefunding.Theexperimentdoesnotcomecheap,adding5-10%tothecourse'scost,whichHBSwillbearwhileitfiguresoutwhatworks.（1）Whywerethestudentsquestioningthoseyoungmums,accordingtothefirstparagraph?A.Topromoteanantibacterialcleanser.B.Toearnsomemoney.C.Topreparetohelpafirmtolaunchaproduct.D.Tomakeastudyaboutsoap.（2）Accordingtotheplanforthefirstyearcourse,thestudents_________.A.willbeledbyagroupandlearntogiveandtakefeedbackB.willhavetosetupasmallcompanyandearnatleast$3,000withineightweeksC.willgetmorefundingifhis/hercompanyisconsideredtobemostsuccessfulbythefellowstudentsD.willbesenttoworkwithoneofmorethan140firmsthroughoutthecountry（3）What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A.ANewCourse.B.WaysofLearning.C.LearningBusinessinPractice.D.LaunchingaNewBusiness.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了哈佛大学的一个新方案，即让学生通过实践学习。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Thestudentswerenotdoingoddjobstoearnbeermoney.TheywerepreparingtohelpafirminBrazillaunchanantibacterialcleanser.”可知，这些学生并不在打临时工赚取啤酒钱，他们在帮助一家巴西公司发布一款抗病菌洁面乳做准备工作。由此可知，学生们询问年轻的妈妈们是为了推广一款抗病菌洁面乳。故选A。（2）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Themostsuccessful,asvotedbytheirfellowstudents,willgetmorefunding.”可知，按照同学投票，最成功的公司将给予更丰厚的资金。由此可知，根据第一年的课程计划，如果同学们认为他/她的公司是最成功的，他/她的公司将获得更多的资金。故选C。（3）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，哈佛商学院改良其商业课程，让学生实地工作，走出教室，与人交谈并且还给出三个具体的要素。就是让学生把学到的知识运用到实践中去，故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。6．阅读理解

Astudyof3,884studentsfromprimaryschoolstocollegesfoundthatexaminationsmade83.1percentofprimarystudentsanxious,andmorethan40percentofhighschoolchildrenwereoutofsorts(身体不适)becauseofstressandanxiety.

Moreover,75percentofthehighschoolrespondentsadmittedthattheyhadproblemstalkingtotheirparentsandmorethan55percentofthemfoundithardtoassociatewithotherpeople,accordingtothestudy.

Itisnotdifficulttoconcludethatourchildrenarenothappy.

Today'skidsarecominghomefromschoolweigheddownwithbackpacksfullofbooksandworksheets.Theyarespendinghoursatdeskatnight,seldomgoingoutsidetoplayandgettingtobedlate.

Howcanthisbeagoodthing?

Homeworkiseatingawaychildren'stimetoplayfreelywithneighborhoodkids-andmoreimportantly,theirtimetosleep.

Homeworkcanenrichtheeducationprocess.Butlikeallthings,toomuchofitmaydampen(减少）astudent'senthusiasmforlearning.Toraisecheerful,contentedandwell-manneredchildren,parentsneedtoputinalotoftimeandeffort.Theireyesshouldgobeyondtheirchildren'spreparationsfortests.Childrenneedabreaktoo.Soletthembeincontrolofpartsoftheday.（1）Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Highschoolstudentssuffermorethanprimaryschoolstudents.B.Mostofthestudentshavenoproblemtalkingtotheirparents.C.Theteenagerssufferfromheavyworkload.D.Thestudentsarenothappyathome.（2）Accordingtothetext,whatdothechildrenhavetodowithtoomuchhomework?A.Theyhavetotaketheirbackpacks.B.Theyhavetostayuplate.C.Theyhavetoeatmore.D.Theyhavemoretimetoplayoutdoors.（3）Whatdoestheauthorsuggesttheparentsdo?A.Theyshouldspendmoretimewiththeirchildren.B.Theyneedtoasktheirchildrentoworkhard.C.Theyshouldnotcareabouttheirchildren'stestresults.D.Theyneedtogivechildrenmorefreetime.（4）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardgivingchildrentoomuchhomework?A.Negative.B.Supportive.C.Unconcerned.D.Uncertain【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了小学生和高中生的压力很大，产生的原因在于青少年的学习负担过于繁重，由此作者向家长们提出呼吁，请给学生们一些自由的时间去放松一下。（1）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的数据83.1%、40%、75%、55%可知，小学生和高中生的压力很大；以及第四段中的“Today'skidsarecominghomefromschoolweigheddownwithbackpacksfullofbooksandworksheets.Theyarespendinghoursatdeskatnight,seldomgoingoutsidetoplayandgettingtobedlate.”可知，孩子们放学回家，书包里装满书和资料。晚上在书桌前学习几个小时，很少出门玩耍并且上床睡觉很晚。这是由现象分析原因，看得出小学生和高中生的压力很大的原因在于青少年的学习负担过于繁重，因此文章的主要内容是青少年的学习负担过于繁重。故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中“Theyarespendinghoursatdeskatnight,seldomgoingoutsidetoplayandgettingtobedlate.”孩子们晚上在书桌前学习几个小时，很少出门玩耍并且上床睡觉很晚，可知，孩子们必须熬夜做过多的家庭作业。故选B。（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Theireyesshouldgobeyondtheirchildren'spreparationsfortests.Childrenneedabreaktoo.Soletthembeincontrolofpartsoftheday.”父母的眼睛不要总是关注孩子为考试做的准备。孩子们也需要休息，因此要让他们自由控制一天中的某些时间，可知，作者建议父母需要给孩子更多的空闲时间以使他们得到放松。故选D。（4）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“Howcanthisbeagoodthing?”这怎么可能是一件好事？和“toomuchofitmaydampen（减少）astudent'senthusiasmforlearning”太多作业可能会削弱学生的学习热情，可知，作者对于给孩子太多家庭作业去做这件事持否定态度。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。7．阅读理解

Whatdopeopleintheoutsideworlddowhentheywanttolearnsomething?Theygotosomebodywhoknowsaboutit,andaskhim.Theydonotgotosomebodywhoissupposedtoknowabouteverything—except,whentheyareveryyoung,totheirparents:andtheyspeedilybecomedissatisfiedwiththatvarietyofknowledge.Theygotosomebodywhomightreasonablyexpectedtoknowabouttheparticularthingtheyareinterestedin.Whenamanbuysamotor-car,hedoesnotsaytohimself:"WherecanIfindsomebodywhocanteachmehowtorunamotorcar?"HedoesnotlookinthetelephonedirectoryunderT.Hejustgetsanexperienceddrivertoteachhim.Hejustpaysattentionandasksquestionsandtriestodothethinghimself,untilhelearns.

Butthiscase,ofcourse,assumesaninterestofthepupilinthesubject,awillingnessandevenadesiretolearnaboutit,afeelingthatthematterisofsomeimportancetohimself.Andcometothinkofit,thesemotivesaregenerallypresentinthelearningthatgoesonintheoutsideworld.Itisonlyinschoolthatthepupilisexpectedtobeunwillingtolearn.

Whenyouwereachild,andpassedthedoorofthevillageblacksmith(铁匠)shop,andlookedin,dayafterday,youadmiredhisskill,andstoodinaweofhisstrength;andifhehadofferedtoletyoublowthebellowsforhimandshownyouhowtomakeared-hotpenny,thatwouldhavebeenaproudmoment.Itwouldalsohavebeenaneducationalone.Butsupposetherehadbeenanewshopsetupinthetown,andwhenyoulookedinattheopendooryousawamanatworkpaintingapicture;andsupposeabellrangjustthen,andthemanstoppedpaintingrightinthemiddleofabrush-stroke,andstartedtoreadaloud“HowTheyBroughttheGoodNewsfromGhenttoAix";andsupposewhenhewashalfwaythrough,thebellrangagain,andhesaid,"Wewillgoonwiththattomorrow,"andstartedtochiselthesurfaceofapieceofmarble;andthen,afteralittle,somewhatexhaustedly,startedintoplay"TheRockofAges"onaflute,interruptingthetunetoorderyoutostandupstraightandnotwhispertothelittleboybesideyou.There'snodoubtwhatyouwouldthinkofhim;youwouldknowperfectlywellthathewascrazy;peopledon'tdothingsinthatwayanywhereintheworld,exceptinschool.

Andevenifhehadassuredyouthatwhatweretaughtwerelaterinyourlifegoingtobemattersofthedeepestimportanceandinterest,andthatyoushouldstartinnowwiththedeterminationofbecomingproficientinthem,itwouldnothavehelpedmuch.Notverymuch.It'snonsensethatchildrendonotwanttolearn.Everybodywantstolearn.Andeverybodywantstoteach.Andtheprocessisgoingonallthetime.Allthatisnecessaryistoputapersonwhoknowssomething—reallyknowsit—withinthecuriosity-rangeofsomeonewhodoesn'tknowit:theprocessbeginsatonce.Itisalmostirresistible.

Iftherewerenoteachers—nohastilyandsuperficiallytrainedVestalswhoweresupposedtoknoweverything—butjustordinaryhumanbeingswhoknewpassionatelyandthoroughlyonethingandwhohadthepatiencetoshowlittleboysandgirlshowtodothatthing—wemightgetalongwithourlearningprettywell,Ofcourse,we'dhavetopaythemmore,becausetheycouldgetotherjobsoutinthelargerworld;andbesides,youcouldn'texpecttogetsomebodywhoknowshowtodosomething,forthepriceyouareaccustomedtopaythosewhoonlyknowhowtoteacheverything.（1）Whatdoestheauthormainlywanttosaywiththisarticle?A.Aneducationwithoutteachersisunimaginable,B.Ateacherwhoknowseverythingismorewelcome,C.Schoolteachersarefarfromsatisfactoryandnecessary,D.Wehavepaidtoomuchforteachersforschooleducation.（2）Whatdoestheunderlined"somebody"inthefirstparagraphreferto?A.Ateacher.B.Aparent.C.Amanintheoutsideworld.D.Amanliketheblacksmith,（3）Whathappenedinthe"newshop"mentionedinparagraph3?A.Uselesssubjectslikepaintingandpoetry,sculptureandmusicweretaught.B.Themanatworkbecamecrazywithsomanysubjectstodealwith.C.Onemanteachingeverythinginfluencedtheefficiencyoflearning.D.Childrenlistenedcarefullyandoftendiscussedaboutwhatistaughtwithothers.（4）Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingcanweinfer?A.Teachersarenotasusefulasparentsinhelpingachildtolearn,B.Schoolsaretheplaceskillingstudents'interestandwillingnesstolearn,C.Learningliferelatedskillslikeblacksmithingismoreimportantthanarts.D.Teachersareordinaryhumanbeingswhoknowthoroughlyeverything.（5）Whichofthefollowingfiguresofspeech(修辞手法)areusedinthearticle?a.exemplification(举例)b.exaggeration(夸张)c.personification(拟人)d.irony(讽刺)e.analogy(类比)A.abcB.adeC.bcdD.cde（6）Inthelastparagraph,theauthormainly_______.A.introducesanewideaB.raisesanewquestionC.givessomenewevidenceD.stresseshisviewpoint【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）C（4）B（5）B（6）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，学生的学习动机通常存在外部世界的学习中，在学校里，学生才会不愿意学习，固定模式的学校教育显然不能满足于孩子对知识的渴望。学校教师远非令人满意和必要。（1）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“Iftherewerenoteachers—nohastilyandsuperficiallytrainedVestalswhoweresupposedtoknoweverything—butjustordinaryhumanbeingswhoknewpassionatelyandthoroughlyonethingandwhohadthepatiencetoshowlittleboysandgirlshowtodothatthin