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清单03完形填空必背高频词汇及对点精练常见的25类完形填空高频场景词汇一、逻辑衔接类:构建语篇的“骨架”1.转折关系(语义反转)however:然而but:但是yet:然而while:而though/although:尽管instead:反而onthecontrary:相反2.因果关系(逻辑推导)because:因为since:既然;由于as:由于for:因为so:所以thus:因此therefore:因此asaresult:结果3.并列关系(语义并列)and:和or:或者both...and...:两者都either...or...:要么…要么…neither...nor...:既不…也不…4.递进关系(语义加深)besides:此外also:也even:甚至furthermore:此外what'smore:更重要的是二、情感态度类:把握作者的“语气”1.积极情感(愉悦/满足)delighted:高兴的(因意外或期待之事)happy:快乐的pleased:满意的(因需求得到满足)excited:兴奋的(因刺激或激动之事)proud:骄傲的grateful:感激的2.消极情感(沮丧/不满)disappointed:失望的(因未达预期)sad:悲伤的upset:难过的(因意外不快之事)frustrated:沮丧的(因挫折或阻碍)angry:生气的worried:担心的3.中性情感(客观/平淡)calm:平静的neutral:中立的curious:好奇的(对未知事物)surprised:惊讶的(因意外之事)indifferent:冷漠的(对事物不关心)三、动作描述类:还原场景的“细节”1.选择与决定choose:选择(泛指)select:挑选(强调仔细筛选)opt:选择(强调主动抉择)pick:挑选(强调随意或快速)decide:决定搭配:“chooseadress”(选裙子)、“selectthebestbook”(挑选最佳书籍)、“optforacourse”(选择课程)。2.移动与位置变化move:移动(泛指,如搬家)walk:步行(强调行走方式)run:跑(强调速度)rush:冲(强调匆忙)approach:靠近3.感知与认知see:看见(强调视觉结果)hear:听见feel:感觉(触觉或情感)smell:闻见taste:尝到notice:注意到(强调察觉细节)realize:意识到辨析:“seeabird”(看见鸟)侧重结果,“noticeastranger”(注意到陌生人)侧重主动察觉。4.交流与互动speak:说话(强调动作)talk:交谈(强调互动)say:说(强调内容)tell:告诉;分辨explain:解释discuss:讨论固定搭配:“tellrightfromwrong”(分辨是非)、“explaintheproblem”(解释问题)。四、场景相关类:搭建语境的“背景”1.生活场景occasion:场合situation:情况;处境accommodation:住所entertainment:娱乐budget:预算purchase:购买(n./v.)consume:消费;消耗高频搭配:“onthisoccasion”(在这个场合)、“dealwiththesituation”(处理情况)。2.学习与工作academic:学术的course:课程experiment:实验project:项目performance:表现;业绩evaluate:评估;评价accumulate:积累(经验、知识)例句:“accumulateexperience”(积累经验)、“evaluatetheperformance”(评估表现)。3.社会与情感atmosphere:气氛sympathy:同情loyalty:忠实prejudice:偏见harmony:和谐contribution:贡献expectation:期待4.状态与特征essential:必要的;本质的unique:独一无二的beneficial:有益的tough:艰难的;坚强的flexible:灵活的sensitive:敏感的constant:连续的;不变的辨析:“essentialto”(对…必要)、“beneficialfor”(对…有益),如“essentialskills”(必备技能)。五、自然与环境类:还原客观场景的“氛围”1.自然现象rain:下雨(v.);雨(n.)snow:下雪(v.);雪(n.)wind:刮风(v.);风(n.)storm:暴风雨(n.)sunshine:阳光(n.)fog:雾(n.);起雾(v.)thunder:打雷(v.);雷声(n.)搭配:“heavyrain”(大雨)、“strongwind”(大风)、“inthesunshine”(在阳光下),如“Thestormdestroyedmanyhousesinthevillage”(暴风雨摧毁了村里的许多房屋)。2.环境状态clean:干净的dirty:脏的polluted:被污染的(因人类活动)natural:自然的(非人工的)wild:野生的;荒凉的green:绿色的;环保的辨析:“naturalscenery”(自然风光)侧重“非人工打造”,“greenlifestyle”(绿色生活方式)侧重“环保”,如“Weshouldprotectthenaturalenvironment”(我们应保护自然环境)。3.地理与方位mountain:山river:河forest:森林ocean:海洋desert:沙漠east:东west:西south:南north:北六、时间与频率类:梳理事件的“脉络”1.时间顺序first:首先then:然后next:接下来finally:最后afterwards:之后previously:之前2.时长与阶段moment:片刻;瞬间minute:分钟hour:小时day:天week:周month:月year:年period:时期;阶段while:一段时间搭配:“foramoment”(一会儿)、“duringthisperiod”(在这个时期),如“HestayedinBeijingforaweeklastsummer”(去年夏天他在北京待了一周)。3.频率always:总是usually:通常often:经常sometimes:有时rarely:很少hardly:几乎不never:从不辨析:频率从高到低为“always>usually>often>sometimes>rarely>hardly>never”,如“Sheusuallygetsupat7o'clock,butsometimesshewakesuplate”(她通常7点起床,但有时会起晚)。七、动词短语类:丰富动作的“表达”1.“动词+up”短语wakeup:醒来getup:起床pickup:捡起;接(人)giveup:放弃makeup:编造;弥补turnup:出现;调大(声音)2.“动词+out”短语findout:查明;弄清楚workout:解决;算出takeout:取出;拿出lookout:小心;注意figureout:理解;弄明白搭配:“findoutthetruth”(查明真相)、“workoutamathproblem”(算出一道数学题),如“Shetriedtofigureoutwhyherfriendwasangrywithher”(她努力弄明白朋友为什么生她的气)。3.“动词+on”短语dependon:依靠;依赖focuson:专注于keepon:继续(做某事)carryon:继续进行puton:穿上;上演4.“动词+off”短语takeoff:起飞;脱下(衣服)turnoff:关掉(电器)setoff:出发;动身putoff:推迟giveoff:发出(光、热、气味)辨析:“takeoffthecoat”(脱下外套)、“turnofftheTV”(关掉电视),如“Theplanewilltakeoffintenminutes”(飞机十分钟后起飞)。八、人物关系与情感互动类:传递人际“温度”1.亲属与家庭关系parent:父母(统称)father/dad:父亲mother/mom:母亲brother:兄弟sister:姐妹grandparent:祖父母/外祖父母cousin:堂(表)兄弟姐妹uncle:叔叔;舅舅aunt:阿姨;姑姑搭配:“getalongwithparents”(与父母相处)、“helpmybrotherwithhomework”(帮弟弟做作业),如“Sheoftenvisitshergrandparentsonweekends”(她经常周末去看望祖父母)。2.社交与朋友关系friend:朋友classmate:同学colleague:同事(职场场景)neighbor:邻居stranger:陌生人companion:同伴(侧重同行者)partner:搭档(侧重合作关系)辨析:“friend”强调情感联结,“partner”强调合作目的,如“Heandhispartnerwontheteamcompetition”(他和搭档赢得了团队比赛)、“ShehasbeenfriendswithMarysincechildhood”(她和玛丽从小就是朋友)。3.情感互动行为help:帮助support:支持(情感或行动上)comfort:安慰(因悲伤或困难)encourage:鼓励(因缺乏信心)praise:表扬(因表现好)criticize:批评(因错误或不足)forgive:原谅(因过错)真题例句:“Whenshefailedtheexam,herbestfriendcomfortedherandencouragedhertotryagain”(她考试失利时,好友安慰她并鼓励她再试一次)。九、物品与工具类:支撑场景“功能”1.学习与办公物品book:书notebook:笔记本pen:钢笔pencil:铅笔eraser:橡皮ruler:尺子paper:纸computer:电脑printer:打印机file:文件;文件夹搭配:“takenotesinanotebook”(在笔记本上记笔记)、“printafilewithaprinter”(用打印机打印文件),如“Heforgottobringhispentotheexam,soheborrowedonefromhisclassmate”(他考试忘带钢笔,只好向同学借)。2.日常与家居物品chair:椅子table:桌子sofa:沙发bed:床lamp:灯clock:钟fridge:冰箱TV:电视phone:手机;电话umbrella:雨伞3.工具与设备knife:刀(厨房或工具刀)scissors:剪刀hammer:锤子screwdriver:螺丝刀camera:相机radio:收音机bike/bicycle:自行车car:汽车辨析:“knife”可指厨房用的菜刀或日常小刀,“scissors”需用复数形式,如“Sheusedscissorstocutthepaperintoaheartshape”(她用剪刀把纸剪成心形)。十、副词与连词类:衔接语句“逻辑”1.程度副词(修饰动作或状态)very:非常(强调程度高,修饰形容词/副词)quite:相当(程度适中,如“quitegood”)rather:颇;相当(可表褒贬,如“ratherdifficult”)almost:几乎(接近完成,如“almostfinished”)nearly:差不多(与“almost”近义,可互换)hardly:几乎不(表否定,如“hardlyeat”)辨析:“very”修饰形容词原级(“veryhappy”),“quite”可修饰原级或比较级(“quitebetter”),“almost”与“nearly”在“not”前需用“nearly”(“notnearlyenough”,远不够)。2.方式副词(描述动作方式)carefully:仔细地quickly:快速地slowly:缓慢地quietly:安静地loudly:大声地suddenly:突然地gradually:逐渐地3.转折与让步连词(补充逻辑衔接)however:然而(需用逗号隔开,如“However,hedidn'tcome”)but:但是(直接连接句子,无逗号)though:尽管(可放句末,如“Hetried,thoughhefailed”)although:尽管(不可放句末,如“Althoughitrained,wewentout”)yet:然而(可与“though”搭配,如“Thoughtired,yetheworkedon”)用法提醒:“though”与“although”不可与“but”同时使用,但可与“yet”连用,如“Althoughsheisyoung,yetsheisveryexperienced”(她虽年轻,但经验丰富)。4.条件连词(表假设或条件)if:如果(引导真实条件句,如“Ifitrains,westay”)unless:除非(=ifnot,如“Unlessyouworkhard,youwon'tpass”)aslongas:只要(引导充分条件,如“Aslongasyoutry,you'llsucceed”)incase:以防(表预防,如“Takeanumbrellaincaseitrains”)高频搭配:“ifnecessary”(如有必要)、“unlessotherwisestated”(除非另有说明),如“Incaseyouforget,I'llwritedowntheaddressforyou”(以防你忘记,我把地址写给你)。十一、心理活动类:挖掘人物“内心”1.思考与判断think:思考(泛指,如“thinkaboutaproblem”)consider:考虑(强调慎重分析,如“consideraplan”)believe:相信(主观认同,如“believehiswords”)trust:信任(侧重可靠感,如“trustafriend”)doubt:怀疑(对真实性存疑,如“doubttheresult”)guess:猜测(无依据推断,如“guesstheanswer”)conclude:推断(基于事实得出结论,如“concludefromevidence”)辨析:“believe”侧重“主观相信观点”,“trust”侧重“相信对方可靠”,如“Ibelievehisstoryistrue,andItrusthimtokeephispromise”(我相信他的故事是真的,也信任他会信守承诺)。2.欲望与需求want:想要(泛指,如“wantabook”)need:需要(客观必需,如“needwater”)desire:渴望(强烈愿望,如“desiresuccess”)hope:希望(对未来的期待,如“hopetowin”)expect:期望(对他人/事物的预期,如“expectgoodgrades”)wish:愿望(难实现的想法,如“wishtofly”)3.情绪波动cheerup:振作起来(从消极到积极,如“cheerupafterfailure”)calmdown:冷静下来(从激动到平稳,如“calmdownwhenangry”)feeldown:情绪低落(因挫折,如“feeldownabouttheexam”)benervousabout:对…紧张(如“benervousabouttheinterview”)beanxiousabout:对…焦虑(担忧结果,如“beanxiousabouthishealth”)十二、场景动作延伸类:细化“行为”场景1.校园场景动作attend:参加(课程、会议,如“attendclass”)listen:听(讲座、课,如“listentotheteacher”)takepartin:参与(活动,如“takepartinthesportsmeeting”)handin:上交(作业、试卷,如“handinhomework”)correct:批改(作业,如“correctstudents'papers”)explain:讲解(知识点,如“explainagrammarrule”)2.购物场景动作buy:买(泛指,如“buyashirt”)sell:卖(如“sellfruits”)choose:挑选(如“chooseagift”)pay:支付(如“payforthebook”)spend:花费(时间/金钱,如“spend100yuanonabag”)save:节省(如“savemoneybyshoppingonline”)afford:买得起(如“canaffordanewphone”)辨析:“spend”主语是人(“Ispendmoney”),“cost”主语是物(“Thebookcosts20yuan”),如“Shespent50yuanontheskirt,whichcostherhalfaweek'spocketmoney”(她花50元买了这条裙子,花了她半周的零花钱)。3.交通场景动作drive:驾驶(车,如“driveacar”)ride:骑(自行车、摩托车,如“rideabike”)take:乘坐(交通工具,如“takeabus”)walk:步行(如“walktoschool”)wait:等待(车、人,如“waitforthetrain”)arrive:到达(如“arriveatthestation”)leave:离开(如“leavehomeat7a.m.”)十三、易混淆名词辨析类:理清“概念”差异1.时间相关名词time:时间(泛指,如“spendtime”)moment:时刻(短暂时间,如“ahappymoment”)period:时期(一段时间,如“aperiodofthreeyears”)chance:机会(偶然的机会,如“achancetotravel”)opportunity:机遇(有利的机会,如“anopportunitytoworkabroad”)辨析:“chance”侧重“偶然发生”,“opportunity”侧重“可遇不可求的有利时机”,如“Hegotachancetomeetthestar,anditbecameagreatopportunityforhiscareer”(他偶然得到见明星的机会,这成了他事业的重要机遇)。2.情感相关名词feeling:感觉(主观情绪,如“afeelingofhappiness”)emotion:情感(强烈的情绪,如“mixedemotions”)mood:心情(暂时的情绪状态,如“inagoodmood”)affection:喜爱(对人/物的好感,如“affectionforanimals”)sympathy:同情(对他人困境的共情,如“sympathyforthepoor”)真题例句:“Shewasinabadmoodbecauseshelostherfavoritepen,andherfriendsshowedsympathyforher”(她因为丢了心爱的钢笔心情不好,朋友们对她表示同情)。3.场所相关名词place:地方(泛指,如“abeautifulplace”)location:位置(具体方位,如“thelocationofthehotel”)spot:地点(特定小区域,如“aquietspotinthepark”)area:区域(较大范围,如“aresidentialarea”)space:空间(可容纳的范围,如“enoughspaceforadesk”)搭配:“Wefoundaquietspotbythelaketohaveapicnic”(我们在湖边找到一个安静的地方野餐)、“Thisareahasmanynewshoppingmalls”(这个区域有很多新的购物中心)。十四、抽象概念类:解读语篇“深层含义”1.品质与品德honesty:诚实(如“honestyisthebestpolicy”)kindness:善良(如“showkindnesstoothers”)courage:勇气(如“havethecouragetotry”)patience:耐心(如“withpatience”)responsibility:责任(如“takeresponsibilityfor”)fairness:公平(如“seekfairness”)wisdom:智慧(如“usewisdomtosolveproblems”)辨析:“courage”侧重“面对困难不退缩”,“wisdom”侧重“用理性解决问题”,如“Heshowedgreatcouragetofacethechallenge,andusedhiswisdomtofindasolution”(他展现出面对挑战的勇气,并用智慧找到解决办法)。2.状态与变化success:成功(如“achievesuccess”)failure:失败(如“learnfromfailure”)progress:进步(如“makeprogress”)change:变化(如“abigchange”)development:发展(如“thedevelopmentoftechnology”)growth:成长(如“personalgrowth”)stability:稳定(如“thestabilityoflife”)3.理念与观点idea:想法(泛指,如“haveanidea”)opinion:观点(个人看法,如“inmyopinion”)view:看法(较正式,如“holdaview”)belief:信念(坚定的想法,如“astrongbelief”)principle:原则(行为准则,如“followone'sprinciples”)value:价值观(如“familyvalues”)搭配:“Hesharedhisopiniononenvironmentalprotection”(他分享了对环境保护的看法)、“Shenevercompromisesonherprinciples”(她从不在原则问题上妥协)。十五、日常交际类:还原对话“真实场景”1.问候与告别greet:问候(如“greetafriend”)hello:你好(口语问候)hi:嗨(非正式问候)goodbye:再见(通用告别)bye:拜拜(非正式告别)seeyou:回头见(口语,如“seeyoutomorrow”)takecare:保重(告别时叮嘱,如“takecareonyourway”)2.感谢与道歉thank:感谢(如“thankyou”)appreciate:感激(较正式,如“appreciateyourhelp”)thanks:谢谢(口语,如“manythanks”)sorry:对不起(通用道歉)apologize:道歉(较正式,如“apologizeforbeinglate”)excuse:原谅(如“excuseme”,打扰或道歉)辨析:“thank”后接人(“thankyou”),“appreciate”后接事物(“appreciateyoursupport”),如“Ithankyouforyourhelp,andIreallyappreciatethetimeyouspent”(感谢你的帮助,也很感激你付出的时间)。3.请求与回应ask:请求(如“askforhelp”)request:请求(正式,如“requestameeting”)beg:恳求(语气强烈,如“begforforgiveness”)agree:同意(如“agreetoaplan”)refuse:拒绝(如“refuseanoffer”)accept:接受(如“acceptaninvitation”)十六、特殊场景类:覆盖“小众但高频”语境这类词汇针对高考完形填空偶尔出现的医疗、饮食、节日等场景,虽出现频率不如通用场景,但一旦涉及便是关键考点,需重点记忆核心词汇。1.医疗场景doctor:医生(如“seeadoctor”)nurse:护士(如“akindnurse”)patient:病人(如“ahospitalpatient”)illness:疾病(泛指,如“haveanillness”)disease:疾病(特指,如“aseriousdisease”)treat:治疗(如“treatapatient”)recover:恢复(如“recoverfromillness”)2.饮食场景eat:吃(泛指,如“eatbreakfast”)drink:喝(如“drinkwater”)cook:烹饪(如“cookameal”)bake:烘焙(如“bakeacake”)taste:尝(如“tastethesoup”)hungry:饿的(如“feelhungry”)thirsty:渴的(如“bethirsty”)辨析:“cook”泛指做饭(“cookrice”),“bake”特指用烤箱烘焙(“bakebread”),如“Shecookeddinnerforherfamily,andbakedcookiesfordessert”(她给家人做了晚饭,还烤了饼干当甜点)。3.节日场景festival:节日(泛指,如“atraditionalfestival”)holiday:假期(如“summerholiday”)celebration:庆祝(如“acelebrationparty”)gift:礼物(如“giveagift”)decorate:装饰(如“decorateaChristmastree”)gather:聚集(如“gatherwithfamily”)十七、情感态度延伸类:捕捉“复杂情绪”这类词汇聚焦更细腻、多层次的情感表达,是近年高考完形填空的趋势考点,需区分情感的强度、指向及语境适配性,避免“一刀切”理解。1.正向情感进阶delighted:欣喜的(因期待达成,如“delightedwiththeresult”)thrilled:极度兴奋的(比“excited”强烈,如“thrilledtowintheprize”)grateful:感激的(侧重“因帮助而感恩”,如“gratefulforyoursupport”)proud:自豪的(因自身/他人成就,如“proudofhisprogress”)content:满足的(因“足够”而非“完美”,如“contentwithasimplelife”)辨析:“delighted”侧重“短期事件带来的喜悦”,“content”侧重“长期状态的满足”,如“Shewasdelightedtoreceivethegift,andcontentwithherpeacefullife”(收到礼物她很欣喜,也对平静生活感到满足)。2.负向情感细化frustrated:沮丧的(因“努力受阻”,如“frustratedbyrepeatedfailures”)annoyed:恼怒的(因“小事打扰”,如“annoyedbythenoise”)desperate:绝望的(因“无解决方案”,如“desperateforhelp”)guilty:愧疚的(因“做错事”,如“guiltyaboutlying”)embarrassed:尴尬的(因“失态或出糗”,如“embarrassedbyhismistake”)3.中性情感深化curious:好奇的(对“未知事物”,如“curiousaboutthenewtechnology”)confused:困惑的(因“信息混乱”,如“confusedbytheinstructions”)cautious:谨慎的(因“潜在风险”,如“cautiousaboutmakingdecisions”)indifferent:冷漠的(对“事物无兴趣”,如“indifferenttofame”)surprised:惊讶的(因“意外发生”,如“surprisedbythesuddenvisit”)十八、事件发展类:梳理“逻辑链条”此类词汇围绕事件的“发生发展高潮结局”全流程,是记叙文类完形填空的“骨架词汇”,需结合事件节奏判断词汇的先后逻辑与场景适配性。1.事件发生与开端happen:发生(泛指,无被动,如“anaccidenthappened”)occur:发生(较正式,如“agoodideaoccurredtohim”)takeplace:发生(有计划的事件,如“themeetingtookplace”)start:开始(泛指,如“startaproject”)begin:开始(与“start”近义,如“begintorain”)launch:发起(正式项目,如“launchacampaign”)辨析:“happen”“occur”侧重“偶然发生”,“takeplace”侧重“有组织的事件”,如“Acaraccidenthappenedontheroad,whilethecharityeventtookplaceasplanned”(路上发生了车祸,而慈善活动按计划举行)。2.事件发展与推进develop:发展(如“developastory”)progress:进展(如“theworkprogressedsmoothly”)continue:继续(如“continuetowork”)expand:扩大(范围,如“expandthebusiness”)deepen:加深(程度,如“deepentheunderstanding”)promote:推动(进程,如“promotethecooperation”)3.事件转折与结局change:转变(方向,如“thesituationchangedsuddenly”)shift:转变(侧重“轻微调整”,如“shiftthefocus”)turn:转向(如“thetideturned”)end:结束(泛指,如“thepartyendedat10”)finish:完成(任务,如“finishthework”)conclude:结束(正式,如“themeetingconcludedwithaspeech”)十九、文化与习俗类:适配“跨文化语境”这类词汇针对高考中偶尔出现的文化差异、传统习俗等场景,虽不高频但易成为“拉分点”,需了解基础文化背景,避免因文化盲区导致理解偏差。1.传统习俗相关custom:习俗(特定群体,如“localcustoms”)tradition:传统(代代相传,如“familytraditions”)ritual:仪式(宗教/文化,如“weddingrituals”)festival:节日(文化专属,如“theMid-AutumnFestival”)celebration:庆祝(习俗活动,如“harvestcelebrations”)例句:“Inmanycountries,it'satraditiontoexchangegiftsduringChristmas,andthiscustomhasbeenpasseddownforcenturies”(在许多国家,圣诞节交换礼物是传统,这一习俗已传承数百年)。2.文化符号相关symbol:象征(如“thedragonisasymbolofpowerinChineseculture”)sign:标志(如“trafficsigns”)icon:偶像;象征(文化符号,如“aculturalicon”)logo:标识(品牌/组织,如“thecompany'slogo”)emblem:徽章(官方象征,如“nationalemblem”)辨析:“symbol”侧重“抽象象征意义”,“sign”侧重“具体指示标志”,如“Theredroseisasymboloflove,whilethe'nosmoking'signremindspeoplenottosmoke”(红玫瑰是爱的象征,而“禁止吸烟”标志提醒人们不要吸烟)。3.跨文化交际相关etiquette:礼仪(社交规范,如“diningetiquette”)manners:礼貌(日常行为,如“goodmanners”)respect:尊重(文化差异,如“respectdifferentcultures”)adapt:适应(文化环境,如“adapttoanewculture”)communicate:交流(跨文化,如“cross-culturalcommunication”)真题例句:“Whentravelingabroad,it'simportanttolearnaboutlocaletiquetteandmannerstoshowrespectforthelocalculture”(出国旅行时,了解当地礼仪和礼貌规范以尊重当地文化很重要)。二十、功能场景类:适配“实用语境”这类词汇聚焦教育、职场、服务等高频功能场景,是完形填空“场景化解题”的关键,需结合场景特征记忆词汇的搭配与用法,避免脱离语境误用。1.教育场景teach:教(泛指,如“teachEnglish”)learn:学习(如“learnalanguage”)study:学习(侧重“系统钻研”,如“studymath”)attend:就读(如“attendauniversity”)graduate:毕业(如“graduatefromcollege”)major:主修(如“majorinhistory”)lecture:讲座(如“attendalecture”)seminar:研讨会(如“aresearchseminar”)辨析:“learn”侧重“获取知识的结果”,“study”侧重“学习的过程”,如“Shelearnsquicklyandstudieshardeveryday”(她学得快,且每天努力学习);“lecture”侧重“单向讲解”,“seminar”侧重“互动讨论”,如“Theprofessorgavealecturefirst,thenledaseminaronthetopic”(教授先做了讲座,接着就该主题组织了研讨会)。2.职场场景work:工作(泛指,如“workinacompany”)job:工作(具体职位,如“findajob”)career:职业生涯(长期规划,如“buildacareer”)interview:面试(如“ajobinterview”)hire:雇佣(如“hireanewemployee”)fire:解雇(如“befiredforbeinglate”)promote:晋升(如“promotetomanager”)resign:辞职(如“resignfromtheposition”)3.服务场景serve:服务(如“servecustomers”)help:帮助(如“helpwithaproblem”)assist:协助(较正式,如“assistthemanager”)support:支持(如“supportthecustomer'sneeds”)provide:提供(如“provideservice”)offer:提供(如“offerhelp”)complain:投诉(如“complainabouttheservice”)satisfy:满足(如“satisfythecustomer”)二十一、状态描述进阶类:细化“特征与状态”这类词汇聚焦事物的属性特征与人物的动态状态,是完形填空“细节理解”的核心,需区分词汇的程度、范围与情感倾向,避免模糊理解。1.事物特征big:大的(泛指,如“abighouse”)large:大的(侧重“面积/数量”,如“alargepopulation”)huge:巨大的(程度强于“big/large”,如“ahugemountain”)small:小的(泛指,如“asmallbox”)tiny:极小的(程度强于“small”,如“atinyinsect”)long:长的(如“alongroad”)short:短的(如“ashorttime”)wide:宽的(如“awideriver”)narrow:窄的(如“anarrowstreet”)辨析:“big”可形容具体事物或抽象概念(“abigmistake”),“large”更侧重客观尺寸(“alargeroom”),“huge”强调“超出常规的大”(“ahugesuccess”);如“Shelivesinabighousewithalargegarden,andthere'sahugetreeinthecenterofthegarden”(她住在一栋带大花园的房子里,花园中央有一棵参天大树)。2.人物状态healthy:健康的(身体状态,如“keephealthy”)sick:生病的(如“besickinbed”)weak:虚弱的(如“feelweakafterillness”)strong:强壮的(如“astrongbody”)tired:疲惫的(如“betiredfromwork”)energetic:精力充沛的(如“feelenergeticinthemorning”)busy:忙碌的(如“bebusywithwork”)free:空闲的(如“befreeonweekends”)3.环境状态clean:干净的(如“acleanroom”)dirty:脏的(如“dirtyclothes”)tidy:整洁的(如“atidydesk”)messy:凌乱的(如“amessyroom”)quiet:安静的(如“aquietpark”)noisy:吵闹的(如“anoisystreet”)safe:安全的(如“asafeplace”)dangerous:危险的(如“adangerousroad”)二十二、逻辑连接补充类:强化“隐含逻辑”这类词汇虽不直接标注逻辑关系,但隐含因果、转折、递进等逻辑,是完形填空“深层理解”的难点,需结合上下文挖掘其背后的逻辑关联。1.隐含因果leadto:导致(结果,如“leadtosuccess”)resultin:导致(如“resultinfailure”)resultfrom:由…引起(原因,如“resultfromcarelessness”)cause:导致(如“causeanaccident”)becauseof:因为(如“becauseoftherain”)dueto:由于(如“duetoillness”)辨析:“leadto”“resultin”“cause”均表“前因后果”,主语为原因,宾语为结果;“resultfrom”表“前果后因”,主语为结果,宾语为原因;如“Carelessnesscausedthemistake,whichledtoabigloss;thelossresultedfromhislackofattention”(粗心导致了错误,错误又引发了重大损失;这一损失源于他的疏忽)。2.隐含转折insteadof:而不是(如“insteadofstayinghome”)ratherthan:而不是(如“ratherthangiveup”)inspiteof:尽管(如“inspiteofthedifficulty”)despite:尽管(如“despitetherain”)though:尽管(可放句末,如“hardthoughitis”)例句:“Inspiteoftheheavyrain,hewentouttohelphisneighborinsteadofstayingathome;thoughhegotwet,hefelthappy”(尽管下着大雨,他还是出门帮邻居,而不是待在家里;虽然淋湿了,但他很开心)。3.隐含递进evenmore:甚至更(如“evenmoreimportant”)what'sworse:更糟糕的是(如“what'sworse,hewaslate”)besidesthat:除此之外(如“besidesthat,healsohelped”)inaddition:此外(如“inaddition,weneedtoprepare”)moreover:此外(较正式,如“moreover,it'sgoodforhealth”)二十三、情感态度深化类:捕捉“细腻情感”这类词汇聚焦更复杂、更微妙的情感表达,是近年高考完形填空“情感线索题”的核心,需结合上下文判断情感的指向、强度与隐含态度,避免表层理解。1.正向情感细化overjoyed:狂喜的(比“delighted”强烈,如“overjoyedatthenews”)relieved:释然的(因担忧消除,如“relievedtohearthegoodresult”)proud:自豪的(因自身/他人成就,如“proudofherprogress”)contented:满足的(因“需求得到充分满足”,如“contentedwithhersimplelife”)grateful:感激的(侧重“因帮助而心怀感恩”,如“gratefulforyourtimelyhelp”)辨析:“overjoyed”侧重“超出预期的极度喜悦”,“relieved”侧重“紧张后的放松”,如“Shewasoverjoyedwhenshegottheadmissionletter,andrelievedthatallherhardworkpaidoff”(收到录取通知书时她狂喜不已,也因所有努力有了回报而倍感释然)。2.负向情感进阶devastated:崩溃的(因重大打击,如“devastatedbythelossofherfamily”)annoyed:恼怒的(因“反复打扰”,如“annoyedbyhisconstantcomplaints”)guilty:愧疚的(因“过错或疏忽”,如“guiltyaboutforgettingherbirthday”)frustrated:沮丧的(因“努力受阻”,如“frustratedbyrepeatedfailures”)embarrassed:尴尬的(因“失态或出糗”,如“embarrassedbyhermistakeinpublic”)3.中性情感拓展curious:好奇的(对“未知事物的探索欲”,如“curiousabouthowthemachineworks”)confused:困惑的(因“信息混乱或逻辑不清”,如“confusedbythecomplexinstructions”)cautious:谨慎的(因“潜在风险”,如“cautiousaboutmakinghastydecisions”)indifferent:冷漠的(对“事物无兴趣或不在意”,如“indifferenttofameandwealth”)surprised:惊讶的(因“意外发生”,如“surprisedbyhissuddenappearance”)二十四、动作结果类:关联“动作与影响”这类词汇聚焦动作与其产生的结果、影响,是完形填空“动作逻辑题”的关键,需明确动作的目的、过程与最终结果的关联,避免脱离结果孤立理解动作。1.动作与积极结果achieve:实现(目标,如“achieveone'sdream”)succeed:成功(如“succeedindoingthetask”)gain:获得(利益、知识,如“gainexperience”)obtain:取得(正式,如“obtainacertificate”)accomplish:完成(任务,如“accomplishtheproject”)辨析:“achieve”侧重“长期努力后实现目标”,“succeed”侧重“达成预期结果”,“gain”侧重“通过努力获得具体事物”,如“Afteryearsofhardwork,sheachievedherdreamofbecomingadoctor,succeededinpassingallthedifficultexams,andgainedvaluableclinicalexperience”(经过多年努力,她实现了成为医生的梦想,成功通过所有难度极高的考试,也获得了宝贵的临床经验)。2.动作与消极结果fail:失败(如“failtofinishthework”)lose:失去(如“losetheopportunity”)damage:损坏(如“damagetheequipment”)destroy:摧毁(彻底破坏,如“destroytheoldbuilding”)waste:浪费(时间、资源,如“wastetimeongames”)例句:“Hefailedtotaketheimportantdocument,sohelostthechancetosignthecontract;what'sworse,heaccidentallydamagedtheprinterwhenhehurriedbacktogetit,whichwastedmoretime”(他忘了带重要文件,错失了签合同的机会;更糟的是,匆忙回去取文件时还不小心弄坏了打印机,浪费了更多时间)。3.动作与中性结果complete:完成(任务,如“completethehomework”)finish:结束(如“finishthemeeting”)reach:达到(目标、数量,如“reachthedestination”)attain:获得(较正式,如“attainahighlevelofskill”)produce:产生(结果、产品,如“producegoodresults”)真题搭配:“Theyworkeddayandnighttocompletetheproject,andfinallyfinisheditaheadofschedule;theireffortsproducedexcellentresults,helpingthecompanyreachitsannualtarget”(他们日夜奋战完成项目,最终提前竣工;努力带来了出色成果,助力公司达成年度目标)。二十五、特殊场景延伸类:覆盖“小众高频场景”这类词汇针对高考中偶尔出现的艺术、科技、体育等小众场景,虽出现频率较低,但一旦涉及便是“拉分题”,需提前储备核心词汇,避免因场景陌生导致理解偏差。1.艺术场景create:创作(如“createapainting”)design:设计(如“designacostume”)paint:绘画(如“paintalandscape”)draw:画画(如“drawasketch”)perform:表演(如“performaplay”)appreciate:欣赏(如“appreciateapieceofmusic”)exhibit:展览(如“exhibittheartworks”)例句:“Theartistspentthreemonthscreatingthepainting,whichhedesignedtoshowthebeautyofnature;helaterperformedalivepaintingshowandexhibitedhisworksinthelocalgallery,allowingmorepeopletoappreciatehisart”(这位艺术家花了三个月创作这幅画,他的设计初衷是展现自然之美;之后他举办了现场绘画表演,并在当地画廊展出作品,让更多人欣赏到他的艺术)。2.科技场景invent:发明(如“inventanewmachine”)develop:研发(如“developnewtechnology”)innovate:创新(如“innovateinthefieldofAI”)operate:操作(如“operatethecomputer”)update:更新(如“updatethesoftware”)access:获取(信息,如“accesstheinternet”)apply:应用(如“applytechnologytodailylife”)辨析:“invent”侧重“创造全新事物”,“develop”侧重“在已有基础上改进”,“innovate”侧重“提出新方法/理念”,如“Scientistsinventedthefirstcomputer,thendevelopedmoreadvancedmodels,andcontinuedtoinnovatetomakethemsmallerandmorepowerful”(科学家发明了第一台电脑,之后研发出更先进的型号,并不断创新让电脑体积更小、性能更强)。3.体育场景compete:竞争(如“competeintherace”)win:赢得(如“winthechampionship”)lose:输掉(如“losethegame”)score:得分(如“scoreagoal”)train:训练(如“trainhardforthematch”)coach:指导(如“coachtheteam”)participate:参与(如“participateinthesportsmeeting”)真题例句:“Theteamtrainedhardforhalfayeartocompeteinthenationalcompetition;theircoachencouragedthemtostayfocused,andfinallytheyscoredthewinninggoalinthelastminutetowinthechampionship”(这支队伍为参加全国比赛刻苦训练了半年;教练鼓励他们保持专注,最终他们在最后一分钟踢进制胜球,赢得了冠军)。一、用所给词的适当形式或根据句意填空1.Foundin2007,wallsoftheruinsandthesurroundingwaterconservationsystemcombinedtodisplayamassiveinfrastructurebase,constructionofwhichisestimated(take)4,000peopleadecadetoaccomplish.2.(real)thattheyhadlaggedbehind,TomandHarrystartedtoquickentheirpace.3.(expect)asshehadappeared,notoneofthemfeltthatshewasanintruderatall.4.Hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday,

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(wear)sunglasses.5.Myplanfortheactivitywasturned,whichmademesad.6.Thethiefwentthetrainaftermeandstolemybag.7.Iwasangrythatmycarwasstuckthewaterandgotdamaged.8.PeopleinthesouthofChinastruggledthegreatfloods.9.Itiswrongofyoutotreatyournewclassmates(cruel).10.You’llneedtocompletethreewritten(assign)persemester.11.Iftheearth(stop)spinningsomedayinthefuture,wewouldnothavethechangeofdayandnight.12.Usuallytheoffenderwouldappearattheendoftheday,andIwouldreturnthe(belong).13.IfI(take)youradvice,Icouldhavepassedthedrivingtest.14.Hewasdisabledfrombirth,butheneverfeltfrustrated,nordidhegivetoanydifficulty.15.Whenworkingforsomeone,youmaynothavethepowertoturnaproject.16.Theboyisnotreallyreading,justturningthepages.17.SomefamousChineseartistswillturnandperformattheexhibition.18.Thefatheristryinghisbesttopreventhissonfromabandoning(he)totheInternet.19.Theyoungmanabandonedhimselfto(drink)alldaybecauseofhisfailure.20.Whenhejoinedtheclub,hefeltasenseof(belong).21.Someofthestampsbelongme,whiletherestarehisandhers.22.Theymadearesolution(lose)alltheweightgainedduringtheChristmasholidays.23.I’mwritingtoapplytojoinit,thinkingthatI’mwellqualifiedthejob.24.Shegainedher(qualify)fortheOlympicgymnasticcompetition.25.Racewalkersareconditionedathletes,becausethey’re(qualify)forthemarathon.26.TheStudentUnionisorganizingmanyphysicalactivities,becausehealthisassociatedexercise.27.Allthedrawersstuffedlettersandpapersbutshefinallyfoundthemuseless.28.Mr.Beanconstantlygetsintoawkwardandabsurdsituations,whichgreatlyamusesaudiencesregardlesstheirnationalitiesandculture.29.Themedicalteamconsistingthreedoctorsandsevennurses,wasreadytohelpthosetrapped.30.Thebutcherslicedathicksteakandgaveittothepoorlady.31.Priortakingaworkingholidayabroad,youwillneedtodoanumberofthings.32.thetimethenightfell,Bernardhadsoldoutallthepopcorn.33.Theelectricityindustryconsumeslargeamountsfossilfuelseveryday.34.IthinkMr.Smithisthe(ideally)persontodothisjob.35.Evenifyou’retakingafishingtrip,you’reburningmore(calorie)thanyou’llburnsittingindoors.36.It’snotrighttoplay(trick)onyourteacherinpublic.37.Theresearchersreportedthatlong-term(expose)toairpollutioncanaffectaperson’smentalabilities.38.Learningthatyouhavelarge(quantity)ofexperienceinplayingbasketball,I’mwritingtosincerelyinviteyoutojoinourbasketballclub.39.Thestudyshowsthatthereisaclose(associate)betweensmogandlungcancer.40.(surprise)andhappy,hestoodupandacceptedtheprize.二、语篇填空1阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Buyingticketsformuseumseasilymaybecomeahistory.Nowadays,peoplefeelithard41(get)ticketsformanymuseumsduringthetouristhighseasons.AccordingtodatafromthetravelreservationsiteC,museumticketbookings42(grow)75percentsince2019.Oneofthereasonsisagrowinginterest43museumsraisedbypopularTVshowsonculturalheritage.TakingNationalTreasureforexample,theprogramwas44(wild)popularassoonasitwasshowninDecember2017ontheChinaCentralTelevisi

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