专题07 非谓语动词（二）（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义江苏专用）（原卷版）

专题07非谓语动词(二)(定语、状语、宾语补足语)目目录学考要求速览必备知识梳理高频考点精讲进阶分级练考点一非谓语动词作定语不定式(1)表示将来的动作；不定式的被动式tobedone作定语表示将来、被动的动作。(2)常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。(3)当中心词为序数词、最高级，thelast，theonly等或中心词被这类词修饰，且该中心词是作定语的非谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者时，多用不定式作定语。(4)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way等。动名词动名词作定语常用来说明被修饰词的用途或目的。awalkingstick拐杖；areadingroom阅览室；asleepingcar卧铺车现在/过去分词(1)及物动词的分词形式作定语作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成或状态时，用过去分词。(2)不及物动词的分词形式作定语作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示一个动作已完成，不表被动。fallingleaves正在下落的叶子(表正在进行)；fallenleaves落叶(表完成)考点二非谓语动词作状语不定式(1)作目的状语意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性，不定式前也可加inorder或soas，但soasto不能用于句首。Toenjoytheconvenienceofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizensstarttousesmartphones.为了享受数字支付的便利，许多老年人开始使用智能手机。(2)作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，常用于下列结构：onlyto(不料……)、enoughto(足够……)、too...to...(太……而不能……)、so/such...asto...(如此……以至于……)等。You’reoldenoughtotravelonthetrainbyyourself.你已经长大了，可以自己坐火车旅行了。(3)作原因状语形容词或过去分词作表语时，后可接不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因或所表示的情况，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋todo”结构中。常用于这类结构的形容词和过去分词有sorry，surprised，disappointed，excited，glad，happy，anxious，delighted，pleased，foolish等。Hewassurprisedtofindhisroomthoroughlycleanedandeverythingarrangedinperfectorder.他惊奇地发现他的房间打扫得很干净，一切都摆放得井井有条。注意还有一类形容词如easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous等，表示主语的特征或性质，后面也常用不定式作状语，不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，但常用主动形式表示被动意义。Thematerialsaresoftandcomfortabletowear.材料柔软，穿着舒适。现在/过去分词(1)作时间状语相当于when，while，before，since，as引导的时间状语从句。Wehearofwomenwhorunaway,leavingbehindtheirhomesandfamilies.我们听说有妇女离家出走，离开了她们的家和家人。(2)作原因状语相当于because，since，as引导的原因状语从句。(3)作条件状语相当于if，unless等引导的条件状语从句。(4)作结果状语常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接thus。(5)作方式或伴随状语表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句。(6)作让步状语相当于though，although，evenif等引导的让步状语从句。【温馨提示】1.某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构，此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如：lost(迷路的)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(隐瞒的)、lost/absorbed(沉迷于……的)、dressed(穿着……的)、tired(对……感到厌倦的)、excited(兴奋的)等。Hehidhisfaceinhishandsagain,lostinhisownthoughts.他又用双手捂住脸，陷入了沉思。2.独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：独立成分含义generallyspeaking一般来说frankly/honestlyspeaking坦白地/老实说judgingfrom/by...根据……来判断considering.../oconsideration/account考虑到……totellyouthetruth说实话seeing...考虑到……given...考虑到……comparedto/with...与……相比3.名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在；②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系；③它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。Everymorningtheoldmanwalksinthepark,hispetdogfollowinghimalong(=andhispetdogfollowshimalong).每天早晨老人在公园散步，他的宠物狗跟着他。Shestoodthere,hereyeslookingupwardintotheskyandherhandscrossedonherbreast.她站在那里，两眼仰望天空，双手交叉放在胸前。考点三非谓语动词做宾语补足语1.后接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词及动词短语(1)有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式作宾补，即“动词/动词短语＋宾语＋todo”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：advise建议allow允许ask询问；要求beg恳求cause导致encourage鼓励permit准许forbid禁止force强迫intend打算invite邀请order命令；要求persuade说服prefer更喜欢require需要；要求teach教remind提醒tell告诉want想要warn警告wish希望；想要waitfor等待callon号召；要求dependon依靠urge催促；力劝Thepoliceexaminedthecarsandallowedthemtogoahead.警察检查了这些汽车，允许它们上路。(2)下列句型中常用动词不定式作主语补足语，它们是：sbbesaid/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋todo/tohavedone/tobedone/tobedoing/tohavebeendonesth2.非谓语动词作感官动词(短语)、使役动词的宾补(1)感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，lookat，notice，hear，listento，feel的宾语补足语有四种形式，以see为例：see＋宾语＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(doingsth,看见……正做……,dosth,看见……做了……))⇒\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系),\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(beingdone看见……,正在被做,done看见……被做))⇒\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)))[注意]“感官动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时需加to。(2)使役动词make，let，have，get后接复合宾语的情况：①make＋宾语＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(do让……做……⇒\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系),done让……被做⇒\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)))②let＋宾语＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(do让……做……⇒\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系),bedone让……被做⇒\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)))③have＋宾语＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(dosth让……做某事,doingsth\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(使……持续,做某事))))⇒\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系),\a\vs4\al\co1(done使……被做)⇒\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)))注意(1)“使役动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时也需加to。(2)havesbdoingsth用于否定句中，常与can’t，won’t等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。④get＋宾语＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth使……做,doingsth使……开始做))\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系),done使……被做⇒\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)))3.动词leave，keep，find，catch后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况(1)leaveeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\a\vs4\al\co1(sb/sthdoingsth,让某人/物一直,处于某种状态)⇒\x(\a\vs4\al\co1(宾语与宾补之间是,逻辑上的主动关系，,表示动作正在进行)),\a\vs4\al\co1(sthundone,留下某事未做)⇒\x(\a\vs4\al\co1(宾语与宾补之间是,逻辑上的被动关系，,表示被动和完成，,宾补一般多为undone，,unfinished，unsettled，,untouched，etc.)),\b\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(sbtodosth让某人去做某事,sthtobedone留下某事要做))⇒\x(\a\vs4\al\co1(动词不定,式表示将,来的动作))))(2)keepeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(sb/sthdoingsth让某人/物一直做某事,\a\vs4\al\co1(sb/sthdone使某人/物被……)⇒\x(表示被动且完成，或表示状态)))(3)findeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(sbdoing发现某人正在做……,sb/sthdone\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(发现某人/物,已经……)),sb/sthtobe...\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(发现某人/物……))))⇒eq\x(\a\vs4\al\co1(表示,完成,或状态))(4)catchsbdoingsth撞见某人正在做某事4.“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构(1)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词，现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行(2)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词，过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成或表状态(3)with＋名词/代词＋不定式，不定式表示动作尚未发生考点一：非谓语作定语例1.Thatistheonlywaywecanimagine________theoveruseofwaterinstudents’bathrooms.A.toreduce B.reducingC.reduced D.reduce例2.Look!Thegirl________onthestageismycousin,Lily.A.singing B.sung C.sing D.sings例3.With________leaves________intheeartheveryyear,thesoilbecomesricherandricher.A.falling;burying B.fallen;buriedC.fallen;burying D.falling;buried1.Mostofthepeople________tothepartytomorrowarefamousscientists.A.inviting B.invited C.invite D.tobeinvited2.________fromthefootofthemountain,thetemple__________backtotheMingDynastyistrulyimpressive.A.Seeing;dated B.Seen;dating C.Seeing;dating D.Seen;dated3.Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeople________theopeningceremonyliveonTV.A.watch B.towatchC.watched D.watching4.Thegoods________ontheInternetarecheaperthan________webuyinshops.A.beingbought;that B.bought;thoseC.bought;that D.bebought;those5.Theessay,________bythreeseniorteachers,wasfinallyacceptedforpublicationinthenationaleducationjournal.A.reviewing B.reviewed C.toreview D.beingreviewing考点二：非谓语动词作状语例1.Itisamazingthatsomeoldandoutdatedteachingandlearningfacilitiesinourclassroomhavebeenupdated________usstudymoreeffectivelyandefficiently.A.making B.made C.havingmade D.tomake例2.________meintotheexhibitionhall,heshowedanobviouspreferencefor________wasexhibitedthere.A.Followed;what B.Following;what C.Tofollow;that D.Tobefollowed;that例3.Bornand________inapoorfamily,hehasalways________confidenceandisafraidofdoinganythingwrongtolethisparents________.A.risen...lackedof...down B.rose...beenlackingin...outC.bred...lacked...down D.raised...lacked...out1.Kathyreachedthecompanyoutofbreathonly________thatthemeetinghadbeenputoff.A.told B.tobetold C.beingtold D.havingtold2.I'dliketorecommendthemovieNobody,whichtellsataleofsurvival,dignity,courageandlife,________astrongchordwiththeaudiencenationwide.A.strike B.striking C.tostrike D.struck3.________peoplearoundhim________tofindasatisfactoryjob,hefelthopelessanddecidedtoquitfromthejobmarket.A.Seeing,tofail B.Seen,failingC.Tosee,failed D.Seeing,fail4.Somepsychologistssuggestthatwhen________withadifficulttask,onecouldimprovehisperformancewhenmentallyimagininghimself________well.A.facing;performing B.faced;performingC.faced;toperform D.facing;havingperformed5.________bythecomplexityoftheproblem,theengineerdecidedtoconsulthercolleagues.A.Puzzling B.Puzzled C.Havingpuzzled D.Beingpuzzled考点三：非谓语动词作宾语补足语例1.________,hecan’tgooutforawalkasusual.A.Withsomuchworktodo B.WithsomuchworkdoingC.Withsomuchworkdone D.Withoutsomuchworktodo例2.When________,you’dbettermakeyourself________asmuchaspossible.A.talking,understand B.saying,understoodC.telling,understand D.speaking,understood例3.Withtheresearch________,IfeltthatIhadenoughknowledgetostartmyreport.A.done B.doing C.tobedone D.havingdone1.Heisoftenlistenedto________Englishsongs,butthistimewehadhim________aRussiansong.A.tosing,sing B.tosing,tosing C.sing,tosing D.sing,sing2.Afterthecountrywonindependence,greatemphasiswaslaidonexpandingeducation,withgirlsaswellasboys________togotoschool.A.tobeencouraged B.havingbeenencouragedC.encouraged D.encouraging3.Shehadtowalkhomewithherbike________.A.stole B.stolen C.stealing D.tosteal4.Withthework________,shefeltgreatlyrelieved(放松的).A.finishing B.finished C.tofinish D.finish5.________withmanyotherchildren,hefoundhimself________withloveandcarealltheway.Itisnowonderthathegrewtobealovingkid.A.Compared;surrounded B.Compared;surroundingC.Comparing;surrounding D.Comparing;surrounded一、单项选择1.I’mconvincedthatadultsareasgladasthechildrenare________thegoodnews.A.tohear B.hearing C.heard D.hear2.________thefinaldraftofherresearchpaper,Emilysubmittedittothesciencecompetitionbeforethedeadline.A.Writing B.Havingwritten C.Written D.Beingwritten3.Theship,________byahugepieceoficeberg,cametoasuddenstop.A.hitting B.hit C.hitted D.tohit4.Thejudgesgavenohintofwhattheythought,sothedefendantlefttheroomreally________.A.tobeworried B.beingworriedC.havingbeenworried D.worried5.Peoplecanunlockthe________bikes,________areequippedwithGPSandcanbeleftanywhereinpublic,bysimplyusingtheirsmartphones.A.shared;ofwhich B.shared;whichC.sharing;ofwhich D.sharing;which6.—Canthose________atthebackoftheclassroomhearme?—No.Onlytheones________inthefrontrowscan.A.seating;sitting B.seated;aresittingC.areseated;sitting D.seated;sitting7.In1930sAustria,alady________Mariabecamethetutortosevenchildren.A.call B.called C.calls D.calling8.Helayinbed,withhiseyes________(fix)ontheroof.A.fixing B.fixed C.Havingfixed D.fix9.________peoplearoundhim________tofindasatisfactoryjob,hefelthopelessanddecidedtoquitfromthejobmarket.A.Seeing,tofail B.Seen,failingC.Tosee,failed D.Seeing,fail10.Hewasfound________onabenchwitha________look,mostprobablyconcernedaboutthecomingtest.A.seated;worrying B.sit;worriedC.sitting;worrying D.seated;worried二、单句语法填空1.________offallhisdebtsintime,hehadtodoseveraljobseveryday.2.Proudlyreadingmywords,Iglancedaroundtheroom,only________(find)myclassmatesbearingbigsmilesontheirfacesandtearsintheireyes.3.Iwasexcited________(meet)myfriendatthetopoftheMountHuang.4.Ifyouassumehisguess________(be)true,whatdoyouplantodonext?5.Therewillbemanytasksforthem________(complete)nextmonth.6.________(warn)signshavebeenputuparoundtheconstructionsite.7.Oncethesundriesthetea,theyneedtopickoutanydiscoloration(变色).This________(sort)processusuallytakesmonthstofinish.8.Withthesun________(rise),thetopofMountTaiisbathedinbrilliantsunshine.9.TheclimateofChangchuninAprilandMayismild,________(mean)itisalwaysagoodtimetovisit.10.—Hurryup!Don’thavethecar________(wait)atthegate.—I’llbereadyafterIhavemysuitcase________(pack).11.ZhanTianyou,now________(know)astheFatherofChina’sRailroad,servedhiscountryfor31years,improvinglifeformillionsofpeople.一、阅读理解AWelcometoourschool’slibrarywebsite.Hereyoucanfindalltheinformationyouneedaboutourservices.OpeningHours:Monday—Friday:8:00a.m.—8:00p.m.Saturday:9:00a.m.—5:00p.m.Sunday:ClosedBorrowingRules:•Studentscanborrowupto5booksatatime.•Loanperiodforbooksis3weeks.•Youcanrenewbooksonlinetwiceifnooneelsehasreservedthem.•Latereturnswillresultinafineof0.5yuanperbookperday.OnlineResources:Ourwebsiteprovidesaccesstoseveralonlinedatabasesande-books.YouwillneedyourstudentIDandpasswordtousetheseresources.ContactUs:Phonemail:library@1.Whenisthelibraryopenonweekdays?A.From8:00a.m.to5:00p.m. B.From9:00a.m.to8:00p.m.C.From8:00a.m.to8:00p.m. D.From9:00a.m.to5:00p.m.2.Howmanybookscanastudentborrowatmost?A.3. B.5. C.7. D.10.3.Whatshouldastudentdoifhewantstokeepabooklonger?A.Gotothelibraryinperson. B.Payafineinadvance.C.Renewitonline. D.Writeanapplication.4.Howcanstudentsaccesstheonlinee-books?A.Byusingthepubliccomputerinthelibrary. B.Byregisteringwiththeiremailaddress.C.ByusingtheirstudentIDandpassword. D.Byaskingthelibrarianforhelp.BWhenIshoppedforanewcarsevenyearsago,myfocuswasonstyle,size,andcolor.Thistime,IfoundIhadtolearnsuchnewtermsasrangeanxietyandonepedaldrivingbecause,forthefirsttime,Iwasinthemarketforanelectricvehicle(EV).WhenIaskedthedealerhowlongthebatterycouldlast,heassuredmethatrangeanxietywasnotabigproblemnow.“Morethan50EVmodelstodaygomorethan500kmpercharge,withsometopping800.Plus,thenumberofpublicchargingstationshasdoubledinthepastfiveyears.64percentofAmericanslivewithintwomilesofone,”heexplained.ThedealeraddedthatEVsalsousedtheirenergymuchmoreefficientlythangascars,withsome90percentoftheirpowermovingthecar,comparedto25percentforconventionalvehicles.“Thelossofenergyintheformofheatiswhyyoucouldfryeggsontheengine!”hesaid.“Inaddition,gascarsalsohavemanymoreparts,makingupkeepandrepairsabout40percentmorecostlypermiledriven.Withnooiltochange,EVsalsorequirelittleroutinemaintenance.”Therewasstillalottolearn.ButwhenIgotbehindthewheel,Ithoughtthedealershouldhavemarketeddrivabilitytomefirst.IwasgladtofindthatIcouldputmyfootonthebrake(制动器)lessfrequently.Dependingonthesettingselected,thecarcouldoftenbestoppedwithouttouchingthebrake.Iwasespeciallypleasedthattheridewasamazinglysmoothandthatthecarcouldgofromzeroto100km/hastonishinglyfast!“Thatsmoothrideispartiallyduetothebatteryonthebottomthatallowsthecartobetterhugtheroad,”thedealerexplained.“Andsincethebatteryprovidesimmediatepowertothecar,EVsspeedupmuchfaster.”5.Whatwasthedealerdoinginparagraph2?A.Explaininganewtermtoreaders. B.Tryingtoreducetheauthor’srangeanxiety.C.IntroducingEVmodelstotheauthor. D.ShowingthelatestdevelopmentsintheUS.6.WhyaregascarslessefficientthanEVs?A.Theyruntoofast, B.Theyhavemorefunctions.C.Theyareveryheavy. D.Theyproducealotofheat.7.WhatdidtheauthorlikemostaboutEVs?A.Thecomfortandeaseofuse. B.Theirenvironmentalimpact.C.Thelowcostsofmaintenance. D.Theirmuchsimplerstructures.8.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthetext?A.TopersuadereaderstobuyEVs. B.TostressEVs’advantages.C.Tosharehisshoppingexperience. D.Tocomparetwotypesofcars.CEveryyear,theNobelPrizeisgiventothegreatestmindsintheworld.Theirworkhelpsallpeopleandmakestheworldabetterplace.Thisyear,theNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinewasgiventothreegreatscientists.Theirlong-termresearchhasgiventheworldanewwaytofightdiseases.TheyareMaryE.BrunkowandFredRamsdellfromAmerica,andShimonSakaguchifromJapan.Theyfindaspecialkindofcell(细胞).Thesecellsarelikethe“police”inourbody.Theyhelpthesystemknow“us”andstopitfromfightingus.Thisisveryimportant.Withoutthese“police”cells,ourbodymaygetill.Alongtimeago,peoplethinkthissystemonlyworksinoneplaceinourbody.ButShimonSakaguchidoesnotthinkso.In1995,hefindsthese“police”cells.HecallsthemregulatoryTcells.Atfirst,manypeopledonotbelievehim.Then,in2001,MaryE.BrunkowandFredRamsdellfindakeygene(基因).TheycallitFoxp3.Theyfindthatifthisgeneisnotgood,peoplecangetveryill.Twoyearslater,ShimonSakaguchishowsthatthisFoxp3geneisveryimportantforthe“police”cellstoworkwell.Theworkofthesethreescientistshelpsmanysickpeople.Now,doctorsarethinkingofnewwaystohelppeoplewithsomelong-timeillnesses.Theycanusethese“police”cellstomakethebody’ssystembetter.Thiscanalsohelppeopleafteranorgantransplant(器官移植).Theirfindingisabigchangeinhowweseeourbody.9.Whatisthemainpurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.TointroducethetopicoftheNobelPrizeandthisyear’swinners.B.Toexplainhowthethreescientistsdidtheirresearch.C.TotellthereadershowtowinaNobelPrize.D.TolistallthewinnersoftheNobelPrizethisyear.10.Whatisthemainjobofthe“police”cells?A.Tofightallthesmallthings. B.Tohelpthesystemknow“us”.C.Tofindpeoplewhoareill. D.Tomakenewcellsforthebody.11.WhatdidMaryE.BrunkowandFredRamsdellfind?A.Thesysteminourbody. B.AkeygenecalledFoxp3.C.Thefirst“police”cell. D.Anewkindofsmallthing.12.Whatisthemostimportantmessagethewriterwantstogivetoyoungstudents?A.WinningaNobelPrizeistheonlysignofsuccess.B.Teamworkismoreimportantthanhavingadream.C.Greatsuccessrequiresadream,hardworkandworkingwithothers.D.Scienceisthemostimportantsubjecttostudy.DPrideisoftenconsideredanegativeforceinhumanexistence—theoppositeofhumilityandasourceofsocialconflicts.Butisit?AccordingtopsychologistJessicaTracy,pridecanhavemanyboons.Shearguesthatpride,likeotherhumanemotions,ispartofourevolutionaryheritage,helpingustosurviveandthriveincooperativesocietiesbyinspiringustobethebesthumanwecanbe.Pridemakesusfeelgood,andit’sanindicationtoourselvesthatwearebehavinginawayconsistentwiththevaluesofoursociety.Tracyarguesthatthosewhoregularlyexperiencepridetendtobe“outgoing,friendly,agreeable,calmandhonest”,and“aregenerallycommunallyoriented,meaningtheyplaceahighvalueontheirrelationshipsandfriendships”.Inthisway,havingpridemakespeoplewanttogainapprovalandrespectfromtheircommunities.Butthatdoesn’tmeanthatprideisallforthegood.Ithasadarkside,too,whenitleadstohubris.Hubrisispridethathasbeenfalselyassumedwithoutmeritinordertodriveawayaninnersenseofinsecurity.Ifindividualsexaggeratetheirimportance,takecreditforothers’achievements,bullyothers,oractaggressivelytowardanyonewhoquestionsthem,it’sasignthatpridehasturnedtohubris.Moreover,peoplehavinghubrisaremorelikelytobeprejudicedandlesslikelytoshowempathy.Canauthenticprideleadtohubris?Itdepends,saysTracy.Ifyoufeelauthenticprideanditinspiresyoutodogoodbyyourcommunity’sstandards,great.Butifyoustartfeelingtheneedtoliveuptoothers’expectationsandearntheiradmirationbycheating,chalicesareyouareleaningtowardhubris.Toavoidprideslippingtowardhubris,Tracywarnspeoplenottolosetheirheadsoverthepositiveregardtheyreceivefortheiraccomplishments.“Whenwestarttoreceivethegains—betheyincreasedstatus,fame,orfortune—itbecomesexceedinglyeasytoforgetthattheseoutcomesareindirectconsequencesofstrivingtobeagoodperson,”saysTracy.“Weshouldalwaysremindourselvesthattheseaccomplishmentsarenotourprimarygoals.”13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“boons”inparagraph1mean?A.benefits. B.limitations. C.forms. D.controversies.14.Whycanpridehelppeopledevelopgoodmoralcharacters?A.Pridecanencouragepeopletoworkharder. B.Pridecanmakepeoplevaluesocialrecognition.C.Pridecangivepeopleasenseofresponsibility. D.Pridecanhelppeoplebettercontroltheiremotions.15.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph3?A.Toofferasolutiontohubris. B.Todescribespecificbehaviorofhubris.C.Toexplainthemotivationbehindhubris. D.Tostresstheterribleconsequencesofhubris.16.Whichofthefollowingcanmakeauthenticprideturnintohubris?A.Tryingtowinotherpeople’sadmiration. B.Loweringexpectationsforachievements.C.Failingtoreceivethewell-deservedrewards. D.Regardingexternalrewardsastheultimatepursuit.二、完形填空AJourneytoProtectSarek’sReindeerLastsummer,IjoinedavolunteerteamheadingtoSarekNationalParkinSweden—avastlandofglaciers,valleys,andancientforests.Our1wasclear:totrackthelocalreindeerherdandprotecttheir2fromillegalhunting,whichhadbeenacrucialthreattotheirsurvival.Wesetoffearlyonemorning,withourguideLarsleadingtheway.Hecarriedanotebookto3theherd’shealthcondition.Onthethirdday,we4asmallgroupofreindeernearacottage.Justaswewereabouttorecordtheirnumbers,agunshotrangout.Lars’sfaceturnedserious:“That’stooclose.Weneedto5immediatelytofindthehunter.”Wequickenedoursteps,ourheartsracing.Afteranhourofwalking,wesawamanhidingbehindabush,holdingarifle(步枪).Larsmovedforward,hisvoiceseriousbutcalm:“Huntingis6inSarek.Thislandanditsreindeerareprotectedbylaw.”Later,theman7he’dheardrumors(传闻)of“easyrewards”forreindeermeatbuthadn’trealizedthe8ofhisactions.Wedidn’tcallthepolice—9,weaskedhimtojoinusincheckingtheherd’scondition,hopingtohelphimunderstandwhythisplacewasvital.Thatafternoon,wefoundayoungreindeerwithaninjury.Lars10cleaneditswound,whilethehunterhelpedcarrywater.“Thisworkis11,isn’tit?”Larssaid,smiling.Themannodded.Later,heevenhelpedusputupnew12signs,promisingtospreadthewordaboutprotectingSarek’swildlife.Thetriphadtaughtmethatprotectingnatureisn’tjustaboutlaws—it’sabouthelpingpeople13withthelandinawaythatrespectsitsbalance.Thisexperienceremindedmethatevenwhenthingsseemdifficult,commitmentcanhelpus14difficulties—andthatpreservingthebeautyofplaceslikeSarekisa15weallshare.1.A.subject B.preference C.object D.theory2.A.territory B.absence C.career D.property3.A.obt