专题06祈使句省略句（原卷版）

专题06祈使句+省略句01祈使句概述祈使句：祈使句属于陈述语气，另外还有陈述语气和虚拟语气。学好祈使句，一是掌握祈使句基本知识结构，二是加强训练，查漏补缺。02Do型祈使句1.祈使句常常用来表达命令、请求或者建议。Do型祈使句以动词原形开头，直接表达命令、请求、建议等语气，主语“you”通常省略。祈使句的句尾用感叹号或句号，读的时候用降调。Closethedoor,please.请关上门。Eatyourvegetablesbeforedessert.吃甜点前先吃蔬菜。2.表达请求或劝告时，在祈使句前或句末可加上please，以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。Pleaseusereusablewaterbottlesinsteadofdisposableones.请用可重复使用的水瓶代替一次性水瓶。03Don’t/Never型祈使句1.在祈使句的肯定句式前加Don’t，构成“Don’t+行为动词原形+其他成分”。Don’tleavethetaprunningwhilebrushingyourteeth.刷牙时不要让水龙头一直开着。Don’tlitterorthrowgarbageintotheriver.不要乱扔垃圾或往河里扔废弃物。2.Never开头祈使句语气更强烈。Neverhesitatetoaskforhelpifyou’reintrouble.遇到困难时绝不要犹豫寻求帮助。Neverignoretheimportanceofwearingaseatbelt.绝不要忽视系安全带的重要性。★易错提醒：否定祈使句构成反意疑问句，附加问句用肯定形式。Neverlitterinthepark,willyou?绝对不要在公园乱扔垃圾，好吗？04Let型祈使句带有第一人称主语的祈使句通常以Let开头，其结构为：1.Let+me/us+谓语动词原形或Let’s+谓语（动词原形）+其它。Letus不包括说话者，而Let’s则包括说话者。Letmeintroducemyselffirst.让我先自我介绍一下。Letmeshowyouhowtousethismachine.让我教你怎么用这台机器。Letusworktogethertoprotecttheenvironment.让我们共同努力保护环境。Letusknowifyouneedanyhelp.如果需要帮助，请告诉我们。2.Let’s…结构构成反意疑问句，附加问句用“shallwe?”。Let’shaveacupofcoffeeafterwork,shallwe?下班后我们喝杯咖啡吧，好吗？3.us...us...后接willyou（当表示“请求对方允许我们做某事”时）：Letusleave,willyou?请允许我们离开，好吗？05祈使句+and/or+陈述句“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”该句型相当于“if引导的条件状语从句+主句”。1.and表示顺承关系,or/otherwise表示转折关系，and/or后面用“will+动词原形”。Savewatereveryday,andwecanprotecttheplanet.每天节约用水，我们就能保护地球。Wearacoat,oryou’llcatchacold.穿上外套，不然你会感冒的。Followtherules,oryou’llgetintotrouble.遵守规则，否则你会惹上麻烦。2.有时该句型中祈使句可以省略为名词词组，变为“（动词）+名词短语+and/or+主句”。Alittlepatience,andtheproblemwillbesolved.多点耐心，问题就会解决。Onewrongmove,oryou’llfalloffthecliff.一步走错，你就会掉下悬崖。06No+名词/ing祈使句在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用“No+名词/Ving形式”结构，表示“禁止做某事”。Noparking!禁止停车!Noentry!禁止入内!Nofoodordrink!禁止饮食!Nolittering!禁止乱扔垃圾!Nospitting!禁止随地吐痰!【跟踪训练】单项填空：每道题均有一个最佳答案。1.________everythingbadfromitandyouwon’tfeeldisappointedwhenithappens.A.Expecting B.Expect C.Havingexpected D.Toexpect2.__________yourselfwithpositivepeopleandyou’llkeepfocusedonwhatyoucandoinsteadofwhatyoucan’t.A.Surrounding B.Surrounded C.Surround D.Beingsurrounded3.Thestoreishavingabigsaletoday,gothereearly,________youmightmissoutonthebestbargains.A.and B.or C.but D.so4.Asthefinalexamisapproachingandthedifficultyisrelativelyhigh,studyhard,________youwon’tpassthefinalexamandmayfaceacademicpressure.A.yet B.and C.or D.so5.Lucy,_________carefullyandwritedownthewordsyouhear,please.A.listen B.listens C.listening D.tolisten6.______hard,andyouwillachieveyourgoals.A.Worked B.Working C.Towork D.Work7.Sticktoyourplanandyou______thetaskontime.A.finish B.finishes C.finished D.willfinish8.Hurryup,________youwillmissyourfight.A.or B.and C.so D.but9.________actiontoprotecttheenvironment,andtheearthwillbeabetterplacetolivein.A.Take B.Totake C.Taking D.Takes10.It’sfinetoday.Let’sgoawalk,______?A.doyou B.letwe C.shallwe D.doesit11.____________,andalltheproblemscouldbesettled.A.Ifyoumakemoreefforts B.MakingmoreeffortsC.Abitmoreeffort D.Tohavemademoreefforts12.—_________lateforschoolagain,Jack!—Sorry,IpromiseIwon’t.A.Don’t B.Don’tbe C.Notbe D.Not13.________andI’llgetallthetasksfinished.A.Onemorehour B.HaveonemorehourC.Givenonemorehour D.IfIhaveonemorehour14.Melissa,________thealarmclockfor6o’clock,oryouwilloversleepandbelateforthetrain.A.set B.setting C.sets D.toset15.________atthedoorbeforeentering,please.A.KnockedB.ToknockC.Knocking D.Knock01省略介词的高频句型下列短语经常省略介词，注意介词后接动名词作宾语。spend/waste…(in)doing花费、浪费时间做某事；bebusy/occupied(in)doing忙于做某事；prevent/stop…(from)doing阻止某人做某事；haveahardtime(in)doing做某事有困难；havetrouble(in)doing做某事有困难；Thereisnopoints/sense(in)doing做……没有用；havefun(in)doing做……开心。Hespenttwohoursinfixingthebrokenchair.他花了两小时修理破椅子。Theywastedalotofmoneydecoratingthehouse.他们浪费很多钱装修房子。Heisoccupieddesigninganewappforthepany.他忙于为公司设计新应用。Shehasahardtimegettingupearlyeverymorning.她每天早起很困难。Hehadtroublefindingajobaftergraduatingfromcollege.他大学毕业后找工作困难。Thereisnopointcryingoverspilledmilk.为打翻的牛奶哭泣毫无意义。Wehadfunexploringthehiddentrailsintheforest.我们探索森林里的隐秘小径玩得很开心。【跟踪训练】在空白处填括号内单词的正确形式。1.Havingbeenillinbedfornearlyamonth,hehadahardtime________(pass)theexam.2.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,childrenspentupto25hoursaweek______(watch)TV.3.Youcan’timaginewhatgreattroubleshehad__________(raise)thefourchildren.4.EventhoughtheyknewIdidn’tspeakPortuguese,thatdidn’tstopthemfrom____________(talk)tome,andwewereabletomunicatewithoutaproblem.5.Whilewe’redevelopingagricultureandindustrywemustpreventearth__________(pollute).02定语从句的省略用法1.在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词that,which,whom代替先行词作宾语时，可以省略关系代词。Whowasthegirl(that/whom)hespoketojustnow?刚刚他与之交谈的那个女孩是谁？Iliveneartheriver(that/which)Iusedtoswimin.我生活在我过去游泳的那条河流旁边。2.当先行词theway在定语从句中作方式状语时，关系代词可以省略。Idon’tlikethewayinwhich/(that)hebehaves.我不喜欢他行事的方式。Thewayinwhich/(that)thepanyoperatesisreallysuccessful.这家公司运行的方式真的很成功。★易错提醒：关系代词that,which,who在定语从句作主语时不能省略。Mybrother,

who

livesinParis,isanartist.我哥哥住在巴黎，他是一名艺术家。Thehouse,whichwasbuiltin1920,isahistoricallandmark.那座建于1920年的房子是一处历史地标。【跟踪训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词。1.Thenamancameinwithhisson,_________wantedtobuyicecream,too.2.Backtothegasstation,Iofferedherthebag,______shegladlyaccepted.3.IhaveanAmericanfriend,Marianne,_________livesalonebuthasapetdog,Sparky.4.Inthecafe,customerswillenjoythemselvesinthehistoricalenvironment_________iscreatedforthem.5.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters_________hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.03宾语从句的省略用法1.谓语动词后的宾语从句，由that引导时，连接词that可以省略。Hebelieves(that)hardworkleadstosuccess.他相信努力工作会带来成功。Everybodyknows(that)protectingtheenvironmentmeansalot.每个人都知道保护环境很重要。2.在并列宾语从句中，第一个that可以省略，第二个及之后的that不可以省略。Shesaid(that)shewouldeandthatshewouldbringagift.她说她会来，还说会带一份礼物。Inoticed(that)thedoorwasopenandthatsomeonehadenteredtheroom.我注意到门是开着的，而且有人进过房间。3.在英语中,可以用so,not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。—Isheingbacktonight?他今晚回来吗?—Ithinkso/not.我认为会回来(不会回来)。Isthereamistakeinthereport?"报告里有错误吗？I'mafraidso（=I'mafraidthereisamistakeinthereport）.I’llcorrectitimmediately.恐怕是的。我马上修改。Willitraintomorrow?明天会下雨吗？Ihopenot(=Ihopeitwillnotraintomorrow).We’veplannedapicnic.希望不会。我们计划了野餐。04虚拟语气的省略用法1.在含有were,had,should的if引导虚拟条件句中常可以省略if而将were,had,should置于句首。WereIyou(=IfIwereyou),Iwouldaccepttheoffer.如果我是你，我会接受这个提议。Hadweknownthetruthearlier(=Ifwehadknownthetruthearlier),wecouldhaveavoidedthemistake.如果我们早知道真相，就能避免这个错误了。Shoulditraintomorrow(=Ifitshouldraintomorrow),thesportsmeetingwouldbecanceled.万一明天下雨，运动会就会取消。2.表示“命令、要求、建议”等意义的名词性从句中用“should+动词原形”，should常可省略。Thedoctorsuggestedthatshe(should)restforatleastaweek.医生建议她至少休息一周。Itisnecessarythatwe(should)takeimmediateaction.我们有必要立即采取行动。Therewasademandthattherules(should)bechangedimmediately.有人要求立即修改这些规则。【跟踪训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.(be)IJane,Iwouldmakeaweightlossplan.2.(have)theyknowntheirneighbourwasadrummer,theywouldn’thavemovedintothebuilding.3.Itisrequestedthatsomemeasures(take)tostop“whitepollution”.4.Itisrequestedthatthesefruitsandvegetables(transport)bytrain.5.Lastyear,adoctoradvisedshe(eat)morevegetablesandfruits.6.Theteacher’srequirementisthateverystudent(involve)intheplanortheywon’tpassthefinalexam.7.Mydemandisthattheinformationreferredtoinmyreport(email)toMrBrownwithoutdelay.8.Hisproposalthatthesystem(improve)gotrejectedbytheboss.9.Itishightimethatwe(seek)helpfromthemedia.10.youarrivedatthestationearlier,youcouldhavecaughtthetrain.05并列句的省略用法在并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一个分句中相同的部分，如主语，谓语，宾语等，以使句子更加简洁明了。Heworksasadoctorandhiswife(works)

ateacher.他是个医生，他妻子是个老师。Mybrotherstayeduplateand(he)

managedtofinishtheimportantproject.我哥哥熬夜很晚，并且完成了一项重要的项目。Theonesideoftheboardispaintedredandtheother(sideoftheboardwaspainted)

yellow.这个板子的一面被粉刷成红色，另一面被粉刷成黄色。JimwonthefirstprizeandPeter(won)

thesecond(prize).吉姆赢得了一等奖，彼得赢得了二等奖。动词不定式to的省略用法1.感官动词see,watch,notice等和使役动词have,make等接不定式作宾补时省略to，注意被动语态中to应加上。Isawhim

cross

theroad.我看见他过了马路。Hewasseen

tocross

theroad.有人看见他过了马路。Theteachermadethestudents

clean

theclassroom.老师让学生们打扫教室。Thestudentsweremade

toclean

theclassroom.学生们被要求打扫教室。2.在一些高频句型中常常省略不定式符号to：mayaswelldosth

最好还是做……hadbetterdo

最好做某事donothingbutdosth别无选择只好做某事can’thelpbutdosth.

禁不住做某事Whynotdosth?

何不做某事？prefertodo…ratherthandosth宁愿做……而不愿做……wouldratherdo…thando…

宁愿做……而不愿做……It’sraining.You

mightaswell

stayhere.在下雨，你最好还是待在这里。Hewassotiredthathecould

donothingbutsleep.他太累了，只能睡觉。WhenIsawthefunnymovie,I

couldn’thelpbutlaugh.我看那部搞笑电影时，忍不住笑了。I

prefertowalk

toschoolratherthan

take

abus.我宁愿步行去上学也不愿坐公交车。3.在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符号to。注意，不定式后面是动词be时，be应保留。Hecan’tswimasfastasheused

to(swim).（他游泳不如以前快了。Myparentsencouragedmetoapplyforthejob,andIdecided

to.我父母鼓励我申请那份工作，我决定申请。Beingkindismoreimportantthanjust

pretendingtobe.（善良比仅仅假装善良更重要。【跟踪训练】单句改错。1.Thelibrarianwillletyoutoknowwhenthebookhasbeenreturned.2.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhimnottodo.3.IlostmykeysintheofficesoIcoulddonothingbuttowaitformymother.4.Asweallknow,Chinaisnolongerthecountryitusedto.5.Theyounggirlwasobservedentertheofficesilently.6.Ratherthantorideonacrowdedbus,healwayspreferstorideabicycle.状语从句的省略用法1.在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，如果主句的主语与从句的主语一致，或状语从句的主语为it,且从句中含有be动词时，可以将状语从句的主语和be动词省略掉。If(itis)necessary,Iwillturntohimforsomesuggestions.如果有必要，我会向他求助寻求些建议的。Youcanputtheboxwherever(itis)convenient.你可以把盒子放在任何方便的地方。Whileenjoying

painting,shedoesn’thavemuchtimeforit.虽然她喜欢画画，但没太多时间投入。2.“从属连词+现在分词”表示该动作与句子主语之间的主动关系；“从属连词+过去分词”表示该动作与句子主语之间的被动关系。When(shewas)walkingalongthestreet,shemetanoldfriend.当她在街上走时，遇到了一位老朋友。Once(itis)printed,thereportwillbedistributedtoalldepartments.报告一旦打印好，就会分发给所有部门。★易错提醒：before和after后接动词，只能接动名词作宾语。Hebecamemoreconfident

afterwinning

thepetition.赢得比赛后，他变得更自信了。Thedocumentneedstobereviewedbeforebeingsubmitted.文件在提交前需要审核。【跟踪训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.Though(warn)aboutthedanger,thehikersstilldecidedtoclimbtheicymountain.2.While(process)thedata,sherealizedtherewereseveralerrorsthatneededimmediateattention.3.If(recycle)properly,materialscanbereused,reducingwasteandconservingnaturalresources.4.Unless(invite)tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.5.When(chat)withothers,heusesdifferentidentities.6.Thoughnotofficially(confirm),therumoraboutthepany’smergerhasspreadwidelyinthebusinesscircle.7.TheAItechnologycanenableeducatorstobringpersonalizedlearningtotheclassroomif(apply)inaproperway.8.When(expose)tothedifficultiesandfailures,wemustoverethem.9.When(locate)abusiness,managersshouldconsiderwhethertheprofessionalteamcanbesetup.10.Although(seat)quietlyatthecorner,hewasactuallyponderingdeeplyovertheplexproblem.祈使句和省略句祈使句和省略句综合能力提升一、单项填空1.ThenewtechnologyinthemovieNeZhaIIissoamazingthatitmakesthecharacters________vividlyonthescreen.A.toe B.e C.ing D.came2.When________todangerandconflict,people’sbloodpressuretendstoincrease.A.toexpose B.exposing C.exposed D.beingexposed3.Althoughfirst_______almost200yearsago,thenovelsofJaneAustinhaveremainedpopulararoundtheworld.A.publishing B.beingpublished C.published D.waspublished4.Ratherthan________abustoherworkplace,Susanprefers________ataxi.A.totake,take B.take;taking C.take;totake D.totake;totake5.—WilltheSmithsleaveforAustraliathisspring?—No,theyfinallydecided________.A.notto B.notleaving C.nottodo D.nottobeleaving6.—Doyouoftenhavesomeone_______yourclothes?—Yes,Ioftenhavethem_______.A.wash;towashB.towash;washedC.washed;washD.wash;washed7.________thetruth,hewouldn’thavelentheranymoney.A.Jackhasknown B.HadJackknownC.ShouldJackknow D.IfJackknown8.When________differentcultures,weoftenfocusourattentiononthedifferenceswith