浙江省浙江省“91”联盟高三上学期一模联考英语试题

绝密★考试结束前2025学年第一学期浙江省9+1高中联盟高三年级期中考试英语考生须知：1.本卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟；2.答题前，在答题卷指定区域填写班级、姓名、考场、座位及准考证号并核对条形码信息；3.所有答案必须写在答题卷上，写在试卷上无效，考试结束后，只需上交答题卷；4.参加联批学校的学生可关注“启程教育”公众号查询个人成绩分析。第1卷（选择题）第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whenisthewoman’shouseavailabletorent?A.April. B.June. C.July.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:I’vedecidedtorentoutmyhousetotourists.IfirstthoughtofAprilandJune,butIfinallypickedJuly.M:That’snice,isn’tit?W:Yes.Ithinkitcouldbringinsomeextramoney.Plus,I’mawayquiteoftenanyway.2.此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】HowcanSarahbebestdescribed?A.Expressive. B.Helpful. C.Intelligent.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:WhatdoyouthinkofSarah?She’sbeensuchagoodfriendtomelately.W:Ilikeher.Whathasshebeendoing?M:She’sbeenstudyingphysicswithme,whichI’mpoorat.AndshealwayslistenspatientlywhenIneedtotalk.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhyisEmmanervous?A.She’sabouttomakeaspeech.B.She’stalkingtotheaudience.C.Shehasn’tpracticedmuch.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:I’msonervousaboutdeliveringaspeechtosuchabigaudience.WhatifIforgetwhattosay?M:You’lldofine,Emma.You’vepracticedsomuch.W:Iguessyou’reright.It’sjusthardtostaycalm.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatkindofholidaywouldthemanprobablyprefer?A.Arestfulholiday. B.Anadventurousholiday. C.Anactionpackedholiday.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Mandy,I’veapprovedyourholidayrequestforJuly.Areyougoingsomewhererelaxing?W:I’vesignedupforoneoftheseadventureholidays,soI’mgoingona10dayhikeacrossthemountainsofScotland.M:Thatsoundsliketheoppositeofrelaxingtome!5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatisthetopicoftheconversation?A.Ittakespracticetogainhappiness.B.Happinessisdifferentforeveryone.C.Happinesscanefromlittlethings.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Honestly,itdoesn’ttakemuchtomakemehappy.M:That’sagoodwaytobe.SometimesIthinkwemakeourlivestooplicated.W:Exactly.Justapeacefuleveningwithagoodbookorawalkintheparkreallymakesmehappy.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Wherearethespeakers?A.Atarestaurant. B.Athome. C.Atschool.7.WhatwasaproblemforBrian?A.Catchingtheschoolbus. B.Creatingastudyschedule. C.Decidingonaschoolclub.【答案】6.B7.C【解析】【原文】M:IsBrianhomefromschoolyet?W:No,notyet.p.m.utit’salreadypast5:00p.m.I’mwonderingiftheschoolbusislateagain.W:No,hesaidhewasjoiningthatnewschoolclub.Ithinkthefirstmeetingistonight.M:Yeah,nowIremember.Whichclubdidheeventuallychoosetojoin?W:Ican’trememberifhesettledonthedramacluborthechessclub.Hewasstrugglingtodecidebetweenthetwo.M:Doyouthinkhewillbehomesoon?I’mgoingtostartcookingdinner.p.m.supposeheshouldbehomeby6:00p.m.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutstickyricemortar?A.Confident. B.Surprised. C.Disapproving.9.Whatisprobablythemostimportantforthewoman’sjob?A.Highefficiency. B.Thorougharrangements. C.Modernbuildingmethods.10.Whatcouldhappentotheancientbricksifthewrongmaterialswereused?A.Theymightchangecolour. B.Theymightbeesmaller. C.Theycouldbeharmedovertime.【答案】8.B9.B10.C【解析】【原文】W:RestoringthissectionoftheGreatWallisahugeresponsibility.Wemustusetherightmaterials,liketheoriginalstickyricemortar(砂浆).M:Stickyricemortar?I’veneverheardofthatinallmyyearsinthebuildingtrade.W:It’satraditionalmixture.Somemodernmaterialswon’tworkhere—theycoulddamagetheancientbricksovertime.M:Isee.Itlooksliketherestorationwillbeatoughtask.W:Yes.Thewallhasstoodforcenturies,soanyrestorationworkmustbecarefullyplanned.Astheprojectmanager,Iamresponsibleforeverything,includingmatchingthenewbrickstotheoldones,consideringsizeandcolor,etc.M:That’squiteajobyou’vegothere.W:Itis,butit’simportant.Rushingthejoborusingthewrongmaterialscouldcauseseriousdamage.M:Iunderstand.Everydetailmatters.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.WhydothespeakersruleoutLisaasahelper?A.Sheisoutoftown. B.Sheistoobusywithwork. C.Sheisnotresponsibleenough.12Whowilltakecareofthepets?A.Thewoman’ssister. B.Sarah. C.Sam.13.Whatwillthemandotomorrow?A.Sortoutsomedocuments.B.Discussthedetailsofhistrip.C.Introducethepetstothecaretaker.【答案】11.C12.B13.A【解析】【原文】M:Ourtripisnextweek,andwestillneedsomeonetotakecareofthepets.W:Thathasbeendifficult.Mysisterisoutoftown,andSamhasbeenworking60hoursaweekathisnewjob.M:WhataboutLisa?W:Actually,Ithoughtofher,butourneighborsmentionedsomethingconcerning.Apparently,Lisahadbeencaringfortheirdoglastmonth,buttheycamebacktoabitofamess.Andsheforgottolockthefrontdooronenight!M:Well,maybeweshouldn’triskit.W:Iagree.ButIdidhearbackfromSarah!Shesaidshewouldlovetohelpout.She’sgoodwithanimals,andItrusther.M:Sarah?Iwouldfeelmuchbetterknowingshe’llbeincharge.W:Metoo.Sheisreliable.Plus,thepetsknowheralready,sothey’llbefortable.M:Great.I’llfileallthefeedingschedulesandcareinstructionsandsendthemtohertomorrow.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.Whatdoweknowabouttherestaurant?A.Ithasmoderncookingequipment.B.Itisverystrictonstaffattendance.C.Ittriestopreventhealthissues.15.Whattemperaturecanhotfoodbekeptat?A.20°C. B.60° C.C.70°C.16.Whatshouldthewomandowhencookingfood?A.Measurethetemperatureofthefood.B.Dealwithrawmeatbeforevegetables.C.Washcuttingboardsforatleast20seconds.17.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Managerandnewemployee. B.Interviewerandinterviewee. C.Chefandwaiter.【答案】14.C15.C16.A17.A【解析】【原文】M:WeletotheZocaloRestaurantteam,Lucille.Beforeyoustart,let’sgooverourfoodsafetystandards.They’reverystrict,butthey’reessentialforkeepingourcustomerssafe.W:Ofcourse.WhatdoIneedtoknow?M:First,alwayswashyourhandsbeforehandlinganyfood.Wewashforatleast20secondswithsoapandwarmwater.It’scrucialbecausehandscaneasilyspreadgerms(细菌).W:Understood.M:Westorefoodatthecorrecttemperaturestopreventproblems.Forexample,coldfoodmustbekeptat5°Corbelow,whilehotfoodshouldbemaintainedat63°Corhigher.You’llneedtocheckthetemperatureregularlyandrecordit.W:Gotit.Whataboutcooking?M:Whencooking,weensurefoodreachestherighttemperature.Forinstance,chickenmustreachatleast75°Ctokillharmfulgerms.Youshouldalwaysuseafoodthermometer(温度计)tocheck.W:Howdowepreventgermsfromspreading?M:Goodquestion.Weuseseparatecuttingboardsandknivesforrawmeat,vegetables,andcookedfood.Thispreventsrawmeatjuicesfromharmingotherfoods,whichcouldcausefoodpoisoning.W:That’sreallyimportant.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】18.Whatisthespeaker?A.Anationalleader. B.Anewsreporter. C.Anemergencyworker.19.Whatisthecurrentsituationofthetown?A.Rescuesheltersarebeingbuilt.B.Somepeoplestillneedtoberelocated.C.Theelectricitysupplyhasreturnedtonormal.20.Whatwillhappennextweek?A.Heavyrainwillfall. B.Scientistswillvisitthearea C.Afundraisingpartywillbeheld.【答案】18.B19.B20.A【解析】【原文】ThisisTrevor.Themainheadlinestorytonight:thePrimeMinisterhasvisitedthetownofOxfordaftertheworstfloodingseeninthecountryinover100years.Thetown,hometooneoftheworld’smostwellknownuniversities,stillhaslargepartsunderwaterandwithoutpower.MostofthoseaffectedhavebeenrelocatedtothenearbytownofReadingwhileemergencyservicescontinuetotryandrescuepeoplestuckintheirhomes.ThePrimeMinisterthankedtheworkersfortheirquickreactionsandhardworkandpromisedthatmoreinvestmentwouldbemadeinflooddefenses.Healsosaidmoreneededtobedonetoaddresstheissueofclimatechange,whichmanyscientificexpertshavesaidplayedasignificantpartintheflooding.Manycelebritieshavemadedonationstothereliefeffort.However,theweatherservicehaswarnedthatwithmoreheavyrainduetomorrowandfortherestoftheweek,peopleshouldconsiderleavingthearea.We’llhavemoreonthatstoryasitdevelops.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AForwhoeverwantsanexcitingandchallengingroadtrip,wecameupwithourlistoftheworld’smostdangerousroadsthatwouldtesteventhebestroadtripcars.Readontodiscoverroutesthatpromiseunmatchedthrills!ColduChaussy,FranceAt1,532metresabovesealevel,ColduChaussyisahighmountainpassinsoutheasternFrance.Thisstretchisonlyabout3.2kmlongbutfeatures17hairpinturns.There’sasmallconcretebarrierasyouzigzagupwardbutthisimprobableroad,whileimpossiblypicturesque,isstilloneofthemostdangerousroadsintheworld.TarokoGorgeRoad,TaiwanTarokoGorgeRoadinTaiwanisframedbyrockononesideandsheercliffdropsontheother.Thepopular19kmstretchissospectacularthatitdrawsaconstantparadeoftourbuses,cars,scooters,bicyclistsandpedestrians,allsharingthesamenarrowroad.Ifyouwanttohitthisroad,you’dbetterhopetheweatherisfair,otherwise,youmightsufferthroughlandslidesandfloodsthatmakesectionsimpassable.monwealthAvenue,PhilippinesUnlikeotherroadsandhighwaysonthislist,thisoneisn’tperchedontheedgeofamountain.Infact,it’sawideurbanhighwaythat’sjust12kmlong.Duetopoordrainagewhichbringsfloodsontheavenue,thisroadhasearnedthetragicnickname“KillerHighway”.rkononeoftheseepicjourneys?Tolearnmoredetails,includingthebesttimestovisit,andhowtorenttheperfectvehicle,pleaseclick.roadtrip.Yournextgreatadventureisjustaclickaway!21.WhatmaybeexperiencedinthetripofTarokoGorgeRoad?A.Seasidescenery. B.Changeableweather.C.Aconcretebarrier. D.Abustlingmixoftraffic.22.WhathassetmonwealthAvenueapartfromtheotherroads?A.Itsshortestlength. B.Itsurbanlocation.C.Itsheavytraffic. D.Itshighaltitude.23.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Ageographytextbook. B.Atravelwebsite.C.Anacademicmagazine. D.Acoursebrochure.【答案】21.D22.B23.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了一些适合公路开车旅行的惊险道路。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据TarokoGorgeRoad,Taiwan下的“Thepopular19kmstretchissospectacularthatitdrawsaconstantparadeoftourbuses,cars,scooters,bicyclistsandpedestrians,allsharingthesamenarrowroad.(这条广受欢迎的19公里长的路段非常壮观，吸引了源源不断的旅游巴士、汽车、踏板车、骑自行车的人和行人，他们都在同一条狭窄的道路上。)”可知，这条路上旅游巴士、汽车、踏板车、自行车和行人都挤在狭窄的路上，旅行者会体验到熙熙攘攘的交通。故选D。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据monwealthAvenue,Philippines下的“Unlikeotherroadsandhighwaysonthislist,thisoneisn’tperchedontheedgeofamountain.Infact,it’sawideurbanhighwaythat’sjust12kmlong.(与这份名单上的其他道路和公路不同，这条路并没有坐落在山的边缘。事实上，这是一条只有12公里长的宽阔城市公路。)”可知，这条路与其他路的不同之处在于它位于城市。故选B。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“tails,includingthebesttimestovisit,andhowtorenttheperfectvehicle,pleaseclick.roadtrip.(要了解更多详细信息，包括最佳参观时间以及如何租用完美的车辆，请点击。)”可知，文章用了“pleaseclick”，说明这是一个网页，因此本文最有可能摘自一个旅行网页。故选B。BTheGreatSockMysteryIhadaseriousproblem.Mysockdrawerwasmysteriouslyemptying.Itwasn’taghostoraburglarwithastrangehabit;itwasmydog,Buster.Afluffy,clever,andutterlymischievousGoldenRetriever.Forweeks,I’dfindsinglesocksunderthecouchorbehindtheTV,butneverthepairs.Busterwouldjustlookatmewithhisbig,innocenteyes,tailthumpingagainstthefloorasiftosay,“Socks?Missing?Howpeculiar!”Idecidedtoinvestigate.OneTuesdayafternoon,Ipretendedtoleaveforworkbutquietlycircledbackandpeeredthroughthelivingroomwindow.WhatIsawwasasceneofstrangedogbusiness.Busterwasnotalone.Hehadpany:aseriouslookingPoodlefromnextdoorandaskepticalBeaglefromdownthestreet.InthecenteroftheroomwasBuster’sprizedpossession:hisfluffybed.Butitwasn’tforsleeping.Itwasatreasurecollection.Mysockswerepiledhighuponit—theathleticones,thewarmwoollyones,evenmyfavoritepairwithpizzaslicesonthem.Thenegotiationbegan.ThePoodle,whomIrecognizedasPrincess,steppedforwardanddroppedahighquality,expensivedogbiscuitattheedgeofthebed.Bustersniffeditcarefully,nudgedasingle,plainwhitesocktowardher,andthenpulledbackhispaw,guardingtherest.Princessseemedtoconsiderthis,thenaddedanotherbiscuittothepile.Satisfied,Busterusedhisnosetoexpertlypushtwostripedsockstowardher.Thedealwasdone.Princesspickeduphernewsocksandtrottedoutproudly.NextwastheBeagle,Barney.Heofferedawelllicked,slightlyflattennisball.Busterimmediatelylookedutterlyunfazed.Heturnedhisheadawaywithasnort.Barneycried,thenreluctantlyaddedahalfeatenpig’seartotheoffer.ThisgotBuster’sattention.Aquickexchangewasmadeforonestripedsock.Iburstthroughthedoor.“Buster!Youfurrylittlebusinessman!”Allthreedogsfrozeinguiltysilence.Busterhadthegoodmannerstolookembarrassed.Heslowlycreptover,nottoapologize,buttogentlynudgemyleastfavoritepairofsocks—theitchyChristmasonesfrommyaunt—towardmyfeet.Itwasapeaceoffering,abribetobuymysilence.Icouldn’thelpbutlaugh.Hewasn’tjustagoodthief;hewasanexcellentbusinessman.Itookthesocks.Afterall,everygoodeconomyneedsataxcollector.24.Whatdrovetheauthortostarttheinvestigation?A.Thesockdrawerwasoftenleftopen.B.Busterstartedbarkingatthesockdrawer.C.Buster’sbedwassuddenlyfilledwithsocks.D.Singlesockswerefoundinunusualplacesaroundthehouse.25.WhatwasthefinalouteofthetradebetweenPrincessandBuster?A.Princesstradedacostlybiscuitforaplainwhitesock.B.Princessacquiredthreesocksfortwoexpensivebiscuits.C.Busterexchangedhisstripedsockinthedealforapig’sear.D.Busteracquiredatennisballandgaveuptwostripedsocks.26.Whichisclosetotheunderlinedword“unfazed”inmeaninginparagraph5?A.uninterested. B.uncertain. C.excited. D.confused.27.Whatmighttheauthordoatlast?A.Maketheneighborpayforthetradedsocks.B.ReportBuster’sbusinesstotheanimalshelter.C.AcceptthesockashisshareforforgivingBuster.D.TakeallofBuster’scollectionsawayasapunishment.【答案】24.D25.B26.A27.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者发现家里的袜子神秘失踪，调查后发现是狗Buster用袜子和其他狗做交易的故事。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Forweeks,I’dfindsinglesocksunderthecouchorbehindtheTV,butneverthepairs.(好几个星期以来，我总能在沙发下或电视机后面发现一只袜子，但从来找不到成对的袜子。)”和第二段中“Idecidedtoinvestigate.(我决定展开调查。)”可知，作者因在家中不寻常的地方频繁发现单只袜子，才决定展开调查。故选D。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“ThePoodle,whomIrecognizedasPrincess,steppedforwardanddroppedahighquality,expensivedogbiscuitattheedgeofthebed.Bustersniffeditcarefully,nudgedasingle,plainwhitesocktowardher,andthenpulledbackhispaw,guardingtherest.Princessseemedtoconsiderthis,thenaddedanotherbiscuittothepile.Satisfied,Busterusedhisnosetoexpertlypushtwostripedsockstowardher.(我认出是贵宾犬Princess，它走上前来，在床边放了一块质量上乘、价格昂贵的狗饼干。Buster仔细地嗅了嗅，用鼻子把一只普通的白袜子推到她面前，然后缩回爪子，护着剩下的袜子。Princess似乎在考虑，然后又往堆里加了一块饼干。Buster很满意，用鼻子熟练地把两条条纹袜子推到她面前。)”可知，Princess和Buster交易的最终结果是Princess用两块昂贵的饼干换了三只袜子。故选B。【26题详解】词句猜测题。根据第五段中“Heofferedawelllicked,slightlyflattennisball.Busterimmediatelylookedutterlyunfazed.Heturnedhisheadawaywithasnort.(他提供了一个舔得很好、有点扁的网球。Buster立刻看起来完全unfazed。他哼了一声，把头转了过去。)”可知，Buster对网球不感兴趣，所以把头转了过去，因此unfazed意思是“不感兴趣的”，与uninterested意思相近。故选A。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Busterhadthegoodmannerstolookembarrassed.Heslowlycreptover,nottoapologize,buttogentlynudgemyleastfavoritepairofsocks—theitchyChristmasonesfrommyaunt—towardmyfeet.Itwasapeaceoffering,abribetobuymysilence.Icouldn’thelpbutlaugh.Hewasn’tjustagoodthief;hewasanexcellentbusinessman.Itookthesocks.Afterall,everygoodeconomyneedsataxcollector.(Buster还算有礼貌，露出尴尬的神情。它慢慢爬过来，不是来道歉，而是轻轻把我最不喜欢的一双袜子——姨妈送的那双让人发痒的圣诞袜——推到我脚边。这是它求和的表示，想贿赂我让我闭嘴。我忍不住笑了。它不只是个偷袜子高手，还是个出色的生意人呢。我收下了袜子。毕竟，每个良好的经济体系都需要个收税人呢。)”可推知，作者将袜子当作原谅Buster的“税款”收下，接受了它的和解。故选C。CSecondplaceisjustthefirstloser.Whilethepetitivespiritmaybeasnaturalasbreathingair,itdoesn’talwaysleadtohumanflourishingandcancreatemisery.Fortunately,thereisaformulatosolvethisproblem:insteadofalwaysgoingforgold,shootforthebronze.Thoughsecondplacemaybethefirstloser,thirdplacecanbetherealwinnerregardinghappinessandlongevity.Ina1995study,scholarssystematicallycodedtheemotionalreactionsofsilverandbronzemedalistsinthe1992SummerOlympicGames.Usingslowmotionfootagecapturedbothimmediatelyaftertheireventsandlaterontheawardspodium(领奖台),researchersfoundthebronzewinnersappearedconsistentlyhappieronaveragethanthesilvermedalists.Over80%ofbronzemedalistsexhibitedgenuinesmiles,afigurethatwasnearlydoublethatobservedamongsilvermedalists.Moreover,everybronzemedalist’ssmilelastedlongerthantheaveragesmileobservedamongthesilvermedalists.Morerecentresearchhaslookedatthelifespanofallthreemedalistcategories.A2018studytrackedtheaveragelongevityofthoserepresentingtheU.S.intheOlympicGamesfrom1904to1936andfoundthattheathletewhosebestperformancewassilverlivedto72.Goldmedalistsbeatthisbyfouryears,livingto76.Butfirstprizeinlongevitywenttothebronzemedalists,wholivedto78.Thestudyhadahandyexplanationforthisdiscrepancy:“Unsatisfactorypetitionoutesmayadverselyaffecthealth.”Inotherwords,silvermedalistsseethemselvesasthefirstloserbecausetheylookuptothetopstepandparethemselvesonlywiththegoldmedalists,whereasthebronzewinnersparethemselvesfavorablywithalltheotherswhonevermadeitontothepodiumatall.Thistheoryshowsthedifferencebetweenupwardanddownwardsocialparison.Whenwepareourselveswiththosewhohavemoremoney,power,orachievements,weoftenfeellike,well,losers.Ittendstolowermotivationandincreasestress.Incontrast,downwardparisonmakespeoplefeelbetteraboutthemselvesand,thus,happier.Theworldlyhappinessstrategyofstrivingforgoldeverydayisfoolish.Ittendstolowertheintrinsicmotivation,andthusenjoymentthatpeopleobtainfromtheiractivities.Theprincipleatworkhereistryingtoimproveyourownpastperformanceandtheonlypersontowhomyouwillhavetopareyourselfisyou.28.Whatcanbelearnedfromthe1995study?A.Silvermedalistsshowedlesshappinessthanbronzewinners.B.Silvermedalists’smilingfrequencywasclosetothatofgoldmedalists.CTheaveragebronzemedalist’ssmilelastedlongerthaneverysilvermedalist’s.D.Theemotionsofbothmedalistswereunchangedfromtheeventstothepodium.29.Whatisthecauseofthedifferenceinmedalists’lifespan?A.Thestressfromdownwardsocialparison.B.Themotivationfromupwardsocialparison.C.Theeffectofdifferenttypesofsocialparison.D.Thefailuretolookuptothetopafterthepetition.30.Whatdoesthewriteradviseustodotoachievehappiness?A.Learnfromthetopperformers. B.Trytobethebestineveryfield.C.mittoone’sconsistentpersonalgrowth. D.Strengthenthemotivationtoobtainachievement.31.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheTriumphofinginThird B.TheProblemofHumanpetitionC.TheMechanismofSocialparison D.ThePsychologyoftheOlympicMedalists【答案】28.A29.C30.C31.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了研究发现铜牌获得者在幸福程度和长寿方面是真正的赢家，因为银牌得主将自己看作第一个失败者，他们向上比较，而铜牌得主将自己与所有那些没得奖的人比较，他们向下比较。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Usingslowmotionfootagecapturedbothimmediatelyaftertheireventsandlaterontheawardspodium(讲台),researchersfoundthebronzewinnersappearedconsistentlyhappieronaveragethanthesilvermedalists.Over80%ofbronzemedalistsexhibitedgenuinesmiles,afigurethatwasnearlydoublethatobservedamongsilvermedalists.Moreover,everybronzemedalist’ssmilelastedlongerthantheaveragesmileobservedamongthesilvermedalists.(研究人员慢动作镜头捕捉了紧跟比赛结束后和稍后在颁奖台上的情况，发现铜牌获得者的平均表现的开心程度一直高于银牌获得者。超过80%的铜牌获得者展现出真诚的笑容，这一数字几乎是银牌获得者的两倍。此外，每位铜牌获得者的笑容都比银牌获得者的平均笑容持续的时间长。)”可知，1995年的研究发现铜牌得主比银牌得主表现得更开心，也就是说银牌得主没有铜牌得主表现得开心。故选A。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Thestudyhadahandyexplanationforthisdiscrepancy:“Unsatisfactorypetitionoutesmayadverselyaffecthealth.”Inotherwords,silvermedalistsseethemselvesasthefirstloserbecausetheylookuptothetopstepandparethemselvesonlywiththegoldmedalists,whereasthebronzewinnersparethemselvesfavorablywithalltheotherswhonevermadeitontothepodiumatall.Thistheoryshowsthedifferencebetweenupwardanddownwardsocialparison.(这项研究对这种差异有一个方便的解释：“不令人满意的比赛结果可能会对健康产生不利影响。”换句话说，银牌获得者认为自己是第一个失败者，因为他们仰望最高台阶，只将自己与金牌获得者进行比较，而铜牌获得者则将自己与所有从未登上领奖台的人进行比较。这一理论表明了向上和向下社会比较之间的差异。)”可知，奖牌得主寿命的差异反映了不同奖牌得主向上和向下社会比较之间的心理差异。故选C。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Theprincipleatworkhereistryingtoimproveyourownpastperformanceandtheonlypersontowhomyouwillhavetopareyourselfisyou.(这里起作用的原则是努力提高自己过去的表现，你唯一需要与之比较的人就是你自己。)”可知，要致力于提高自我，与自己比较，由此可推测，作者建议要致力于个人的不断成长。故选C。【31题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“Thoughsecondplacemaybethefirstloser,thirdplacecanbetherealwinnerregardinghappinessandlongevity.(虽然第二名可能是第一个失败者，但在幸福和长寿方面，第三名可能是真正的赢家。)”可知，本文主要讲述了第三名在幸福和长寿方面是真正的赢家，并通过研究证实这一观点，反映了他们向上和向下社会比较的心理差异，呼吁专注自我提高、与自己比较。所以A项“第三名的胜利”最适合作本文标题。故选A。DManythinkthatlanguageiswhatsetshumansapartfromotheranimals,andthatforustothink,languageisadecisivefactor.BritishphilosopherBertrandRussellevenclaimedin1948thatnointelligentthinkingcantakeplacewithoutlanguage.However,arecentstudyinNaturesuggestsotherwise.Itfoundthatlanguageandthoughtaretwodistinctentities,workinginseparatepartsofthebrain.Theyare,inshort,“farmoreindependentthanweimagined”,wroteZMEScience.Thestudy,conductedbyscientistsfromtheUS,exploredthelanguagethoughtrelationshipthroughtworesearchapproaches.First,theystudiedpatientssufferingfromglobalaphasia,whohadlostmuchoftheirabilitytounderstandorspeakduetodamagetothelefthemisphereoftheirbrain.However,theycanstillpleteplextasks.“Youcanaskpeoplewithglobalaphasiatosolvemathproblemsorperformsocialreasoningtests,andaslongastheinstructionsarenonverbal,theycansucceed,”EvelinaFedorenko,oneofthestudy’sauthorsfromtheUSMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,toldZMEScience.Theresearchersalsousedbrainimagingtoolstostudythebrainsofhealthyvolunteersastheyperformednonverbaltasks,likesolvingpuzzlesandplanning.Itwasfoundthatthebrain’slanguageregionsweremostlyinactiveduringsuchactivities.Inotherwords,wegenerallyneedlanguagetoexpressourthoughtsbutwecanstillthinkwithoutwords.So,iflanguageisn’tnecessaryforthinking,thenwhydidhumansdevelopit?Fedorenkosaidlanguageservesmainlyasatoolformunication.“Mostofthethingsthatyouprobablylearnedabouttheworld,youlearnedthroughlanguageandnotthroughdirectexperiencewiththeworld,”shesaid.Bybeingabletoshareplexinformationthroughlanguage,humansgainedanevolutionaryadvantage.Althoughlanguagedoesnotgiverisetothoughts,pastresearchshowsthathowwespeakcanheavilyinfluencehowwethink.Forexample,theEnglishsentence“hefiredthegun”isusuallyphrasedas“thegunwentoff”inJapanese.Asaresult,EnglishspeakersaremorelikelytofocusonthepersonresponsibleforanaccidentthanJapanesespeakers,accordingtoPsychologyToday.32.Whatisthemainpurposeofthestudymentionedinthepassage?A.Toprovethatlanguageisessentialforintelligentthinking.B.Toexaminetherelationshipbetweenlanguageandthought.C.Todevelopnewtreatmentsforpatientswithglobalaphasia.D.Toidentifythebrainregionsresponsiblefornonverbalreasoning.33.Whatdidbrainimagingtoolsrevealabouthealthyvolunteersperformingnonverbaltask?A.Theystruggledwithproblemsolving. B.Theirlanguagecentersbecameoveractive.C.Theirlanguageregionsshowedlittleactivity. D.Theywouldunconsciouslyuseverbalstrategies.34.Howcanlanguageservehumans,accordingtoFedorenko?A.Ithelpshumansgeneratethoughts. B.Itdecideshumans’evolutionarydirection.C.Itreplacesdirectexperiencewiththeworld. D.Itfacilitatestheexchangeofplicatedideas.35.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Thoughtcanoperateindependentlyfromlanguage.B.Languageplaysadecisiveroleinshapinghumanthought.C.Languageandthoughtaredeeplyinterdependentinthebrain.D.Theabsenceoflanguagemakesplexthoughtimpossible.【答案】32.B33.C34.D35.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过研究发现，语言和思维是独立的大脑功能，思维无需语言也可进行。语言主要是交流工具，帮助人类传递复杂信息获得进化优势，但思维活动与语言区域关联不大。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“However,arecentstudyinNaturesuggestsotherwise.Itfoundthatlanguageandthoughtaretwodistinctentities,workinginseparatepartsofthebrain.(然而，最近发表在《自然》杂志上的一项研究提出了不同的观点。研究发现，语言和思维是两个不同的实体，在大脑的不同部位工作)”以及第二段中的“Thestudy,conductedbyscientistsfromtheUS,exploredthelanguagethoughtrelationshipthroughtworesearchapproaches.(这项由美国科学家进行的研究通过两种研究方法探索了语言与思维的关系)”可知，文章提到的这项研究的主要目的是检查语言和思维之间的关系。故选B项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Theresearchersalsousedbrainimagingtoolstostudythebrainsofhealthyvolunteersastheyperformednonverbaltasks,likesolvingpuzzlesandplanning.Itwasfoundthatthebrain’slanguageregionsweremostlyinactiveduringsuchactivities.(研究人员还使用大脑成像工具研究了健康志愿者在执行非语言任务(如解谜和规划)时的大脑。研究发现，大脑的语言区域在这样的活动中大多是不活跃的)”可知，大脑成像工具显示，健康志愿者在进行非语言任务时，他们的大脑语言区域几乎没有活动。故选C项。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Fedorenkosaidlanguageservesmainlyasatoolformunication.‘Mostofthethingsthatyouprobablylearnedabouttheworld,youlearnedthroughlanguageandnotthroughdirectexperiencewiththeworld,’shesaid.Bybeingabletoshareplexinformationthroughlanguage,humansgainedanevolutionaryadvantage.(Fedorenko说，语言主要作为一种交流工具。“你可能了解到的关于世界的大部分事情，都是通过语言而不是通过与世界的直接接触学到的，”她说。通过能够通过