专题11阅读六选四聚焦段落严谨逻辑（题型专练）（原卷版）

专题11阅读六选四目录第一部分题型解码高屋建瓴，掌握全局第二部分考向破译微观解剖，精细教学典例引领方法透视变式演练考向01逻辑衔接词【重难】考向02词汇复现与同义替换考向03代词指代第三部分综合巩固整合应用，模拟实战题型简介高考英语“六选四”题型通常出现在阅读理解或完形填空的变体中，要求考生从六个选项中选出四个，填入文章空白处，使文章逻辑连贯、内容完整。该题型主要考查学生的语篇理解能力和逻辑衔接能力，要求考生不仅能理解选项的字面意思，更能把握文章的整体结构、作者观点及上下文逻辑关系。文章题材多为说明文或议论文，结构清晰但选项干扰性强，需通过关键词、指代关系及逻辑线索进行判断。与传统的七选五相比，六选四的选项更精简，但选项之间的关联性和迷惑性更高，对学生的综合语篇分析能力提出了更高要求。设题类型该题型的设题主要围绕逻辑衔接与语义连贯展开，可分为三类常见设题方式：一是段落主题句，考查对段落大意的概括能力；二是过渡句/承上启下句，侧重上下文逻辑衔接，如因果、转折、举例等；三是细节支撑句，要求选择能佐证前文观点或补充关键信息的句子。选项设计具有较强干扰性，可能包含与原文词汇重复但逻辑不符的“词汇陷阱”，或与局部内容相关却破坏整体连贯的“片面选项”。命题时注重考查学生对指代词（如this,these）、衔接词（however,therefore）及同义表达的敏感度。命题方式命题者首先会选取一篇逻辑清晰的文章，有目的地删除四个关键句子。这些删除点主要设计在两类位置：一类是衔接逻辑的枢纽（如段落首尾、观点转折处、例证前后），另一类是信息链的关键环节（如因果链条、步骤顺序、对比要点）。被删除的句子往往是承载承上启下、概括总结或补充说明功能的关键信息。最关键的一步是干扰项的设置。命题者会巧妙设计两个干扰项，它们通常具备以下特征之一：①内容相关但逻辑错位（包含原文词汇，但放入后破坏上下文逻辑）；②部分信息正确但整体不符（陈述了文中事实，却答非所问）；③绝对化或常识性误导（表述过于绝对，或符合常识但与文章具体观点不符）。这些干扰项旨在诱导学生进行浅层的词汇匹配或片面理解，从而精准区分不同能力层次的学生。解题思路解答此类题目可遵循三步策略：首先通读全文，尤其关注空白处上下文，明确文章主旨与逻辑脉络；其次分析选项，划出关键代词、衔接词及与原文相关的词汇，初步判断选项功能（如总结、转折、举例）；最后双向比对，将选项代入空白，检查是否与前后句构成合理的逻辑关系（如并列、递进、因果），并确保语义连贯无矛盾。实践中可优先处理特征明显的选项（含明显衔接词或代词指代的句子），再通过排除法逐步缩小范围。需特别注意避免仅因词汇重复而误选，而应始终以整体逻辑为核心判断依据。考向01逻辑衔接词【例11】（2025年上海市浦东新区一模）Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.OrangutantreatshiswoundwithamedicinalplantScientistshaveobservedawildorangutannamedRakususingamedicinalplanttotreathisownwound,abehaviorneverbeforedocumentedingreatapes.47.________Theresearchteam,ledbyIsabelleLaumeroftheMaxPlanckInstitute,firstnoticedRakushadadeepcutonhislowerleginJune2024.TheythenobservedhimchewingleavesofaplantcalledDracaenacantleyi—aspeciesknowntocontainantiinflammatoryandpainrelievingpounds—andapplyingthechewedpulpdirectlytohiswound.48.________ThisspecificitysuggestedthatRakusknewexactlywhathewasdoing,ratherthanactingoutofrandomchance.49.________Onepossibilityisthatthebehaviorisinnate,meaningRakuswasbornwiththeknowledge.50.________Anothertheoryisthathediscoveredtheplant’sbenefitsthroughtrialanderror.Forexample,hemayhaveaccidentallytouchedawoundwhilefeedingonaplantandexperienceditsanalgesiceffects,causinghimtorepeatthebehavior.ItisalsopossiblethatRakuspreviouslylearnedthebehaviorfromotherorangutans,sinceyoungorangutansrelyonsociallearningtoacquiretheskillsnecessaryforadultlife.A.Threedayslater,theysawaninterestingchainofevents.B.Andheselectivelytreatedhiswoundandnotanyotherbodyparts.C.Rakusmayhaveobservedhismotherdemonstratinghowtotreatwounds.D.Laumerandcolleaguesdonotknowhoworwherethisbehaviororiginated.E.Thefindingsmayprovideinsightsintotheevolutionofthisbehavioramonghumans.F.It’sthefirstreportofsuspectedwoundtreatmentbyawildanimalusingaplantwithknownmedicinalproperties.上海高考英语六选四题型以说明文和议论文为主，文本逻辑严密，逻辑衔接词是串联上下文的“隐形线索”，也是解题的核心突破口。通过识别衔接词所传递的逻辑关系，可快速匹配选项与设空处的语义关联。以下是四大高频逻辑关系及解题技巧：1.并列/递进关系：同向语义延伸标志词：and,also,besides,moreover,furthermore,inaddition,what'smore等。解题关键：选项需与上下文语义同向，要么补充同类信息，要么在原有基础上深化。设空处前后常出现同类名词、同义表达或并列结构。2.转折/对比关系：反向语义转折标志词：but,however,yet,nevertheless,while,onthecontrary,incontrast,instead等。解题关键：选项需与上下文语义形成对比或转折，重点关注设空处前后的核心观点差异，衔接词往往直接提示逻辑转向。3.因果关系：因果链条衔接标志词：so,therefore,thus,hence,asaresult,because,since,for,dueto等。解题关键：若设空处前为“因”，选项需为“果”；若前为“果”，选项需解释“因”。需确保因果逻辑闭环，避免因果倒置。4.例证/解释关系：抽象与具体衔接标志词：forexample,forinstance,namely,thatis,inotherwords,specifically等。解题关键：若设空处前为抽象观点，选项需为具体案例或解释说明；若前为具体事例，选项需为概括性观点。标志词常直接引导例证内容。【变式11】（2025年上海市闵行区一模）Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.​CanaPillFightLonelinessLonelinessisagrowingpublichealthconcern,affectingmillionsofpeopleworldwide.Itnotonlycausesemotionalpainbutalsoincreasestheriskofphysicalillnesseslikeheartdiseaseanddepression.​48.________That'sthefocusofaclinicalexperimentthatCacioppoisoverseeing.Forayearandahalf,96lonelybuthealthysubjectshavebeentakingacertainamountofpregnenolone,achemicalsubstanceassociatedwithmemoryenhancementandstressreduction.​49.________Theideaisthatapillcouldclearyourview,helpingyouseethingsclearlyinsteadoffeelingafraidofeveryone.Thenyoubeemorewillingtolistentoothers.​Thegoaloftheresearchistoseehowbalancingpregnenolonelevelsaffectsthesubjects.Thepillcouldhelpreducethefearthatmakeslonelypeoplewithdrawandactmorecalmlyinsocialsituations.​50.________Lonelinessmakespeopleoverlysensitivetonegativesocialsignals,suchasastranger’sneutralexpressionbeingseenasunfriendly.Thepillmayadjustthisoversensitivity.​51.________Iftheexperimentsucceeds,itcouldprovideanewwaytohelplonelypeoplerebuildsocialconnections,thoughexpertsremindthatpillscan’treplacerealhumaninteraction.​A.Couldapillmakesocialsituationsfeellessthreatening?​B.Socialconnectionsarealsoessentialforahealthylifestyle.​C.It’slikedrivinginthewinterwhenyoucan’tseeclearly.​D.Thereisastrongconnectionbetweenmemoryenhancementandstressreduction.​E.Atthesametime,itcanalsomakethemdefensivewhenjudgingothers.​F.Unfortunately,thefearwillappearrepeatedlyandinfluenceyourperceptionofthings.​【变式12】（2025年上海市虹口区一模）Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.​TheBenefitsofTalkingtoYourDogManypeoplefindfortintalkingtotheirdogs,eveniftheyknowthedogscan’trespondwithwords.Recentresearchsuggeststhishabitisn’tjustaquirk—itactuallyhasrealemotionalbenefits.​47.________Whenpeoplesharetheirtroubleswithdogs,theyoftenfeellessjudgedthanwhentalkingtofriendsorfamily.Friendsmayofferadviceorcriticize,butadogsimplylistenswithoutjudgment.​48.________Thisnonjudgmentallisteningcreatesasafespaceforemotionalrelease.Forexample,apersonwholostajobmightfeelembarrassedtosharewithcolleaguesbutcanpourtheirheartouttoadog.​49.________Furthersupportforthisphenomenonesfroma2022study.Itwasfoundthatbyengaginginmicrobreakstopettheirpup,peopleareabletorelaxandrecover—inwaysthatinteractingwithnonfurryfamilymembersdoesn’t.​50.________“Theycansensewhenwe’reupset—andthey’rearguablybetteratreadingusthansomepeopleare,”saysKoga.And“becauseweknowthatourdogsreadussowell,weregulateourselvessoasnottoupsetourdogs,whichishelpfulforusaswell.”It’sapositivefeedbackloop.​A.Adogwon’ttrytofixtheproblemthewaysomepeopledo.​B.Dogsarenotjustpetsbutbelovedmembersofafamily.​C.Dogsarefantasticatreadingouremotions.​D.Readingandunderstandingtheneedsofpetshelpsimproveouroverallemotionalwellbeing.​E.Talkingtoyourdogaboutemotionallyfrustratingissuescanbeparticularlybeneficial.​F.They’remorelikelytodistractyoufromyourpain.​【变式13】（2025年上海复旦附中高三联合模拟考）Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.​ThePowerofMicroMomentsWeoftenfocusonbiglifeevents—likeweddingsorpromotions—asthekeytohappiness.Butrecentpsychologyresearchshowsthatsmall,everydayinteractionsmaybemoreimportantthanwethink.​52.________Theyarebrief,unplannedexchangesthathappenindailylife,yettheyplayacrucialroleinshapingourwellbeing.​53.________Manypeopledismissthesemomentsas“insignificant”becausetheylastonlyafewseconds.Butstudiesshowthatfrequentmicromomentscanaccumulatetoreducestressandincreasefeelingsofbelonging.​54.________A2023studyfromHarvardUniversityfoundthatpeoplewhohad3ormorepositivemicromomentsadayreported20%higherlifesatisfactionthanthosewhohadfewer.Thestudyalsonotedthatevencasualinteractions—likeafriendlywavefromacoworker—counted.​55.________Forinstance,agenuine“howareyou?”followedbyactivelisteningismoreeffectivethanarushedgreeting.Psychologistssuggestthatbeingpresentinthesemoments—puttingdownyourphone,makingeyecontact—maximizestheirbenefits.​A.Thesesmallinteractionsarecalled“micromoments”bypsychologists.​B.However,theycanhavealonglastingimpactonouremotionalhealth.​C.Peopleoftenoverlooktheimportanceofdailysmallconversations.​D.Micromomentscanalsostrengthenrelationshipsbetweenstrangers.​E.It’snotjustthequantitybutthequalityofmicromomentsthatmatters.​F.Forexample,asmilefromabaristaorachatwithaneighborcanliftyourmood.​考向02词汇复现与同义替换【例21】（2025年上海浦东新区高三二模）Youmayhaveboughtadrinkrecentlyandnoticedsomethingodd:theonceremovablecapisnowtiedtothebottlebyasmallpieceofplastic.Thisisoneofseveralpoliciesdesignedtolimittheamountofplasticlitter.Itspecificallytargetsthecapsfromsingleuseplasticbottles.1._______.AstudybytheOceanConservancyfoundthatplasticbottlecapsareamongthetopfiveitemscollectedduringcoastalcleanupsworldwide.2._______.Unlikelargerplasticitemsthattakeyearstobreakdown,capsaresmallenoughtobemistakenforfoodbymarinecreatures.3._______.Forexample,seaturtlesoftenconfusethemwithjellyfish,astaplefoodintheirdiet.Evenifthecreaturessurviveingestion,thecapscancauseinternalblockagesorreleasetoxicchemicalsovertime.4._______.Somecriticsarguethatattachingcapstobottlesmayincreaseproductioncosts,buttheenvironmentalbenefitsfaroutweighthisdrawback.​​A.Thisdesignchangehassparkedsomedebate​B.Theirsmallsizemakesthemparticularlyharmfultowildlife​C.Thesecapsareoftenleftbehindwhenbottlesarerecycled​D.Bottlecapsarealsooneofthemostmonitemsconsumedbymarineanimals​E.Havingbottlecapsattachedcouldleadtohigherinstancesofplasticgoingtolandfill​F.Theyaremorelikelytofindtheirwayintotheenvironmentandposeriskstowildlife​词汇复现：精准捕捉语境呼应词汇复现指同一词汇或同一语义场的词汇在语篇中重复出现，形成语义呼应。其核心作用是强化主题一致性，帮助考生锁定“话题相关”的选项。常见类型包括：1.原词复现：选项与原文空缺处前后出现完全相同的名词、动词等核心词汇，是最直接的线索。需注意：原词复现多为名词（如主题词、具体事物名称），因其在语篇中稳定性强。2.同根词复现：通过词根相同、词形不同的词汇形成呼应（如动词原形与过去分词、名词与形容词），需考生掌握常见词缀变化（如tion,ment,able等）。3.同范畴复现：选项与原文词汇属于同一语义范畴（如上义词与下义词），如“bottledwater”与“drink”、“marineanimals”与“wildlife”，需结合语境判断范畴关联。同义替换：深度匹配语义关联同义替换指选项与原文用不同词汇表达同一语义，是命题人常用的“隐藏线索”，考查考生的语义转换能力。解题时需关注“核心动作、情感态度、逻辑关系”的同义转换，常见类型包括：1.动词类同义替换：如“conduct”与“carryout”、“improve”与“promote”、“solve”与“resolve”，这类替换直接关联句子核心动作，是解题关键。2.名词/形容词类同义替换：如“garbage”与“litter”、“frustrating”与“discouraging”，需积累高频同义词汇。3.逻辑短语同义替换：如“asaresult”与“therefore”、“incontrast”与“conversely”，这类替换关联语篇逻辑，需结合衔接词判断。【变式21】（2025年上海徐汇区高三一模）Theconceptof“slowreading”hasgainedpopularityinrecentyearsasaresponsetothefastpaceddigitalage.Unlikeskimmingorscanning,slowreadingemphasizesdeepprehensionandemotionalconnectionwiththetext.1._______.Itrequiresreaderstosetasidedistractions,suchassmartphonesandsocialmedianotifications,andfocusfullyonthecontent.2._______.Forinstance,whenreadingaliteraryclassic,slowreadersmaypausetoanalyzemetaphorsorreflectontheauthor’sunderlyingmessages,ratherthanrushingtofinishthechapter.3._______.ResearchconductedbytheUniversityofCaliforniafoundthatslowreadersretain30%moreinformationthanfastreadersandshowhigherlevelsofempathytowardcharactersinnarrativetexts.4._______.Whileitmaytakemoretime,thecognitiveandemotionalbenefitsmakeitavaluablepracticeformodernreaders.A.ThisintentionalfocusiswhatdistinguishesslowreadingfromotherreadingstylesB.SlowreadingalsobringssignificantcognitivebenefitsC.Itisnotmerelya“slowdown”butadeliberateapproachtoreadingD.Fastreading,bycontrast,prioritizesspeedoverunderstandingE.ManyeducatorsnowremendslowreadingforstudentstoimprovecriticalthinkingF.Thispracticeallowsreaderstoengagemoredeeplywiththetext’snuances【变式22】（2025年上海延安中学高三9月评估题）Nightmaresaremorethanjustscarydreams—theycanserveasimportantsignalsforphysicalandmentalhealth.1._______.Wheretheyareasymptom,theycanwarnoftroubleahead.Andwheretheyareacause,theycancontributetoongoingstressoranxiety.2._______.Forexample,peoplewithuntreatedsleepapneaoftenreportfrequentnightmares,asinterruptedbreathingduringsleeptriggersfearresponsesinthebrain.3._______.A2024studyintheJournalofSleepResearchfoundthat60%ofpeoplewithchronicanxietyexperiencerecurrentnightmares,whichinturnworsentheiranxietylevels.4._______.Bypayingattentiontothethemesandfrequencyofnightmares,individualscanidentifypotentialhealthissuesearlyandseekappropriatesupport.A.NightmarescanalsobeareflectionofmentalhealthconditionsB.ThistwowayrelationshiphighlightstheneedforproactiveattentionC.TheycanactasbothasymptomofunderlyingissuesandacontributingfactortopoorhealthD.CertainphysicalhealthproblemsarecloselylinkedtofrequentnightmaresE.ChildrenaremorelikelytohavenightmaresthanadultsduetoimmaturenervoussystemsF.Ignoringrecurringnightmaresmayleadtolongtermmentalhealthrisks【变式23】（2025年上海黄浦区高三联考）The“sharingeconomy”hastransformedhowpeopleaccessgoodsandservicesinrecentdecades.Fromridesharingappstovacationhomerentals,thismodelreliesonindividualssharingunderusedresourcesformutualbenefit.1._______.Insteadofpurchasingexpensiveitemsthatareonlyusedoccasionally,consumerscanrentthemfromothersatalowercost.2._______.Forexample,adesignerdressthatcosts$500tobuycanberentedfor$50forasingleevent,reducingwasteandsavingtherentermoney.3._______.However,thesharingeconomyalsofaceschallenges,suchasensuringthesafetyofbothprovidersandusers,andregulatingfairpricing.4._______.Astechnologyimprovesandregulationsbeemorerefined,thesharingeconomyislikelytogrowandadapttomeetchangingconsumerneeds.A.ThismodelofferscleareconomicbenefitstoconsumersB.ItalsopromotesenvironmentalsustainabilitybyreducingoverconsumptionC.ThesharingeconomyhasexpandedbeyondphysicalgoodstoincludeservicesD.Despitethesechallenges,itslongtermpotentialremainssignificantE.ManytraditionalbusinesseshavebeguntoadoptsharingeconomyprinciplesF.Consumersareincreasinglydrawntotheflexibilityofthesharingeconomy考向03代词指代【例31】（2025年上海奉贤一模）Researchershavebeenexploringwaystofightillegalwildlifetrade,whichcauseshugelossestobiodiversity.____47____Thesesmallcreatureshaveasharpsenseofsmellthatcandistinguishdifferentscentseveninplexenvironments.​First,theratsaretrainedtorecognizethescentsoftargetwildlifeproductslikeivoryandrhinohorn.____48____Aftermasteringthisskill,theyreceivefurthertraining.____49____Toaddressthisproblem,trainersexposetheratstothesescentsrepeatedlyuntiltheycanignorethedistractions.Oncefullytrained,theratscanworkefficientlyinrealscenarios.____50____Itnotonlyreducesthecostofdetectionbutalsoimprovestheaccuracyparedwithtraditionalmethods.​A.Previously,they'vetrainedpacksofheroratstodetectdangerousbacteria.​B.Thentheywereintroducedtomonscentsusedtomaskillegalwildlifetrade.​C.Thiseffortaimstoprovidealowcostdetectionsystemtopreventillegalhunting.​D.However,thereareconcernsthattheratsmightbedistractedbysomemonscents.​E.Existingscreeningtoolsareexpensiveandtimeintensive,necessitatinganewapproach.​F.Forthispurpose,thesetrainedratswillbeexpectedtoworkinlikelyhotspotsforillegalwildlifetrade.​聚焦代词指代的关键空（47题）​1.定指代属性——明确代词单复数与属性​首先标注选项或空格前后句中的代词，根据代词的单复数、性别、指代对象类型（人/物/事）缩小匹配范围。如：it/this/that通常指代单数名词或前文整句话；they/them/these/those指代复数名词；he/she指代特定人物；such指代前文提及的一类事物或情况。​2.定指代范围——锁定前文就近搜索区间​英语中代词指代遵循“就近原则”，优先指代前文紧邻的名词或名词短语，若就近无匹配项，再扩大至前一句或本段核心话题。需注意：段首空格的代词通常指代上一段核心内容，段尾空格的代词则需衔接本段前文内容。​3.定逻辑关联——验证指代与语义逻辑一致​找到潜在指代对象后，需结合上下文逻辑（因果、转折、递进等）验证。若选项含however/therefore等逻辑词，需确保指代对象与选项语义构成对应逻辑关系。如：前文肯定某事物优势，选项以however开头并含it，则it必指代前文优势事物，且选项内容为其不足。【变式31】（2025年上海浦东新二模）Youmayhaveboughtadrinkrecentlyandnoticedsomethingodd:theonceremovablecapisnowtiedtothebottlebyasmallpieceofplastic.Thisisoneofseveralpoliciesdesignedtolimittheamountofplasticlitter.Itspecificallytargetsthecapsfromsingleuseplasticbottles.____46____Plasticbottlecapsarenowamongthetoptenlitteritemsfoundinriversandtheocean.​A.Manycountrieshavebannedsingleuseplasticbottlesentirely.​B.Theyaremorelikelytofindtheirwayintotheenvironmentandposeriskstowildlife.​C.Theplasticusedforbottlecapsisdifficulttorecycleparedwithotherplastics.​D.Bottlecapsarealsooneofthemostmonitemsconsumedbymarineanimals.​E.Havingbottlecapsattachedcouldleadtohigherinstancesofplasticgoingtolandfill.​F.Peopleoftenforgettothrowawaybottlecapsseparatelyfrombottles.​【变式32】（2025年上海闵行区七宝中学5月模拟）Remoteworkhasbeeincreasinglypopularinrecentyearsduetotechnologicaladvancements.____45____Itallowsemployeestosavetimeonmutingandbalanceworkwithfamilylifemoreeasily.Foremployers,itcanreduceofficerentalcostsandexpandthetalentpoolbeyondlocalareas.​46Someemployeesstrugglewithmaintainingworkboundaries,leadingtolongerworkinghoursandincreasedstress.Othersfinditdifficulttomunicateeffectivelywithcolleagueswithoutfacetofaceinteractions.​A.However,italsobringschallengestobothemployeesandemployers.​B.Thistrendhasbeenacceleratedbytheglobalhealthcrisisinrecentyears.​C.Theyhaveinvestedheavilyinvideoconferencingandcollaborationtools.​D.Itreferstoaworkmodewhereemployeesdonotneedtoworkinafixedoffice.​E.Thesebenefitshavemademorepaniesacceptremoteworkasaformaloption.​F.Buttheycansolvetheseproblemsbysettingclearworkschedules.​【变式33】（2025年上海松江区二模）Urbangardeninghasgainedgreatpopularityincitiesaroundtheworld.Moreandmorepeoplearetransformingbalconies,rooftopsandevenemptylotsintosmallgardens.____47____Theygrowavarietyofvegetables,herbsandflowers,turningunusedspacesintogreenoases.​48Itnotonlyimprovesairqualitybyabsorbingcarbondioxidebutalsoprovidesfreshproduceforgardeners.Additionally,itenhancesmunitybondsasneighborsoftenshareplantingtipsandharvests.​A.Thesegardenersattachgreatimportancetotheuseoforganicfertilizers.​B.Thispracticehasmanyenvironmentalandsocialbenefits.​C.Theyoftenjoinlocalgardeningclubstolearnprofessionalskills.​D.Itrequiresbasicgardeningknowledgeandsomesimpletools.​E.Thosewhoengageinurbangardeningefromallwalksoflife.​F.Butitmayfacespacelimitationsindenselypopulatedcities.​1（2025·上海杨浦·模拟预测）You’veprobablyheardalistoffactorsthatputyouatriskforheartdisease:smoking,poordiet,lackofexerciseandsoon.1Morethan120studieshaveinvestigatedthelinkbetweengum(牙龈)diseaseandheartdisease.2Thismeansthatpeoplewithgumdiseaseoftendevelopheartdiseasebutthatgumdiseasedoesn’tnecessarilycauseheartdisease.Doctorsandscientistshaveproposedanumberofpossiblereasonsforthisconnection.Onemonfactorisinflammation(炎症),whichoccurswhenthebodysensesathreatandsendswhitebloodcellstoattackit.Thisleadstopainfulswelling,whichisthemainsymptomofgumdisease.Whileinflammationhasn’tbeenshowntocauseheartdisease,itoftenacpaniesit.3Sowhatdoesthismeanforyourhealth?Sincetheroleofgumdiseaseincausingheartdiseaseisn’tcertain,don’tassumetakingcareofyourteethwillprotectyourheart.4Butkeepingyourmouthhealthyandavoidinggumdiseasearestillgoodgoalstopursue.They’llspareyoupainandhighdentalbillsandkeepyourdazzlingsmileperfect.Thisresearchdoesmeanthatifyouhavegumdisease,youshouldgetyourheartchecked.Thisisespeciallytrueifyouareatriskofheartdiseaseforotherreasons,suchassmoking.Whowouldhavethoughtthatyourmouthandyourheartwouldbeconnected?Thebodyisaplexandmysteriousthing,sodoallyoucantopreserveit.A．Mostofthemsaythatgumdiseaseisariskfactorforheartdiseaseandotherdiseasesthataffectbloodvessels.B．Butdidyouknowthatthehealthofyourgumsmayalsoaffectyourlikelihoodofdevelopingheartdisease?C．Therighttypeofexerciseintherightquantitieslowerssystemicinflammation,whiletoomuchofthewrongkindincreasesit.D．Certainly,brushingandflossingarenosubstituteforexerciseandahealthydiet.E．Butmanyinthemedicalfieldagreethatpsychosocialstress,activitylevel,andgeneticelementsmayalsocontribute.F．Anditturnsoutthatthesametypesofbacteriaoftenleadtoinflammationinbothdiseases.2（2425高三上·上海·阶段练习）HowManyDevicesAreYouWearing?Theclassicnightmareofsuddenlyrealizingyouarenakedinpubliccouldsoongetafuturistictwist:itmightinvolvethehorroroflosingnotjustyourmodestybutalsoyourpasscodes.Scientistsrecentlycreatedmagneticgarmentsthattheysaycanstoredata,automaticallyunlockdoorsorcontrolanearbysmartphonewithgesture.Theconceptofinteractive“smartclothing”hasdrawnattentioninthepastcoupleofyears.5Thisandothersmartgarmentsaremadewithconductivethreadandusuallyrequireanattachedelectronicdevice.Toeliminatetheneedforsuchdevices,researchersattheUniversityofWashingtonrecentlytookadvantageofwhatisapreviouslyuntappedpropertyofconductivethread:itsabilitytobemagnetized.“Usingmagneticinsteadofelectricpropertiesofthethreadmayseemlikeasmalldifference,butitiswhatmakesthisworkinterestingandexciting,”saysChrisHarrison,aputerscientistatCarnegieMellonUniversity.6TheWashingtonteammagnetizedapatchoffabricembroideredwithconductivethread,givingdifferentpartsoftheclothanorthorsouthorientationthatcorrespondtobinaryl’sor0’.Thisstepallowedtheresearcherstostoreupto33milliondifferentbinations—suchaspasscodesfordoors—onashirtsleeve.7TheteamdescribeditsfindingslastOctoberatameetingoftheAssociationforputingMachinery.Thegarmentsstillstoreddataafterwashing,dryingandironing,buttheycouldnotescapetime’seraser;afteraboutaweek,thethreads’magneticfieldshadweakenedbyaround30percent.8Butfornowtheclothesmaybebestsuitedforstoringtemporarycodes,suchasthosefoundonhotelkeycardsorclothingtagsinstores.Harrisonsaysthatitis“veryunlikelyyouareevergoingtoachieveaparabledensitytomagneticharddrives”withdatastoringfabric,however.A．Custommadethreadhasthusbeendesignedsothattheclothesareenabledtoworklonger.B．Forexample,GoogleandLevi’screatedatouchsensitivejacketthatcanoperateasmartphone.C．Turningwearablesintostoragedeviceswiththenewtechniquewasauniquethingtheresearchershaddone.D．Theresearcherssuggestthatusingcustommadethreaddesignedtoholdstrongermagneticfieldsmightworklonger.E．Thenewtechniqueallowedtheresearcherstodosomethingtheysayisuniqueamongwearables:turnthemintostoragedevices.F．Theyalsocreatedmagneticglovesthatcouldcontrolanearbysmartphonewithgestures.3（2025·上海·三模）FindingHardWaystoMeasure“Soft”LeadershipManagementexpertshavebeenpromotingnewleadershipstylesforawhile.Weoftensaythattheold“mandandcontrol”approachisoutdated,andthattoday’sleadersshouldfocusonsharedleadership,empoweringothers,usingknowledgenetworks,andhelpingpeoplefindmeaningintheirwork.9Whenthepressureison,manymanagersgobacktostrict,topdownmethods,showingtheydon’tseenewapproachesasessentialtosuccess.Thisisespeciallytruewhentherearenoclearrolemodels,standards,orguidelinestofollow.Sothebigquestionis:Canweprovethat“soft”leadershipactuallyworks?Lastyear,mycolleaguesMortenHansen,UrsPeyer,andIusedsoliddatatofindoutwhichCEOshadbroughtthemostvaluetotheirpaniesoverthepasttenyears.WemeasuredthingslikeyearlychangesinstockreturnsandpanyvalueduringeachCEO’stimeincharge.10Inournextproject,we’llbineourdatawithinformationfromothersourcesthattrackmodernleadershipstyles.(Sometoolsalreadytrackbehaviorslinkedtoinnovation,sustainability,andotherpositiveresults.)Byparingthisinformation,weaimtofindleadershipstylesthattrulyhelppaniessucceed.11Perhapsmoreimportant,theclosestudyoftheircaseswillhelpusdevelopapictureofhowthedifferentvaluestheypursueetogethertoformanewmodelofleadership.12Ifwecanfigureoutwhatgreatleadershiplookslikeintoday’sworld,wemaybeabletopredictwhichleaderswilladdthemostvaluetotheirorganizationsintheingdecade.Asmanagementeducators,wemightalsolearnhowbesttodevelopthegenerationofleaderswhowilltakechargeofourlargest,mostpowerfulpanies.A．Bystudyingthesesuccessfulbusinessleaders,wehopetoprovidehardevidencethattheirsuccessesareduetotheirapproachtoleadership.B．Howdothesebusinessleaderssucceed?C．However,inreality,thesemodernstylesarestillseenasoptionalorevensoft.D．Nowthatweknowwhoaddedvalue,thenextstepistounderstandhowtheydidit.E．Successfulleaderstendtoappearapproachableintheoffice.F．Whyisallthisimportant?4（2025·上海·三模）HowDeepSeek’sLowerPower,LessDataModelStacksupChinesepanyDeepSeeksentshockwavesthroughWallStreetlastmonthafterunveilinganewAImodelthatwaspetitiveagainstrivalU.S.systemsdespiteusinglesssophisticatedchipsandatinyproportionoftheprocessingpower.13ItslatestR1modelreliesmoreheavilyonaprocess