2026届高三英语二轮复习课件：专题一　阅读理解　第三讲　主旨大意题

题型篇阅读之解题技巧提升第一板块核心素养之阅读篇第三讲主旨大意题专题一阅读理解主旨大意题是高考阅读理解的“司令塔”,它要求考生站在作者的高度,俯瞰全文,把握文章的核心思想与脉络。它考查的不是考生对某个细节的记忆,而是考生穿透文字、洞察全局的宏观概括能力。考什么——透视主旨题的“命题密码”1.常见设问方式(1)标题归纳型:要求为文章选择一个最恰当的标题。如:Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?(2)文章大意型:直接提问文章的中心思想。如:Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?(3)段落大意型:直接提问文章某一段落的中心思想。如:Whatisthemainideaofparagraph2?2.正确选项特征特征类别具体描述概括性强能够覆盖全文的核心内容,而非局限于某个细节。立意精准准确反映文章或段落的中心论点或说明对象,不偏不倚。标题醒目简洁、吸引人、概括性强,能引发读者兴趣。3.干扰选项特征特征类别具体描述以偏概全选项内容是文中的某个细节或次要信息,用局部代替了整体。范围过宽选项的概括范围超出了文章实际讨论的内容,过于宽泛笼统。无中生有选项内容与文章主旨无关,甚至是文章未提及的信息。主次颠倒将文章的次要信息或某个例证当作主旨,喧宾夺主。4.热点考向文章大意题记叙文主旨:概括故事的核心情节并提炼其背后蕴含的主题或寓意。说明文主旨:精准概括说明的对象及其特征/功能/原理。议论文主旨:清晰提炼作者的核心论点和主要论据。标题归纳题在概括性的基础上,更侧重精炼度和吸引力。段落大意题精准概括段落的主题、核心观点和主要内容。5.解题步骤文章大意和标题归纳题的解题步骤:怎么考——铸造主旨题的“三大破题利器”面对不同文体和不同形式的主旨大意题,掌握以下三大核心考向,实现从“只见树木”到“尽览森林”的升华。考向1

标题归纳题标题归纳题,顾名思义,就是要求考生为所读文章选择一个最合适的标题。这类题目旨在测试考生是否能够穿透细节的迷雾,准确把握文章的中心思想和作者的核心论点。[典例]

(2025·全国一卷阅读C)Whilesafetyimprovementsmighthavebeenmadetoourstreetsinrecentyears,transportstudiesalsoshowdeclinesinpedestrian(行人)mobility,especiallyamongyoungchildren.Manyparentssaythere’stoomuchtrafficontheroadsfortheirchildrentowalksafelytoschool,sotheypackthemintothecarinstead.DutchauthorsThaliaVerkadeandMarcoteBrömmelstroetarebotheredbyfactslikethese.IntheirnewbookMovement:How

to

Take

Back

Our

Streets

and

Transform

Our

Lives,theycallforarethinkofourstreetsandtheroletheyplayinourlives.Lifeoncitystreetsstartedtochangedecadesago.Wholeneighbourhoodsweredestroyedtomakewayfornewroadnetworksandkidshadtoplayelsewhere.Somecommunitiesfoughtback...Althoughthesecampaignswerewidespread,therealityisthatthemajorityofthewesterncitieswerecompletelyredesignedaroundtheneedsofthemotorcar.Thenumberofcarsonroadshasbeenincreasingrapidly...Weinvestalotinroadsthathelpusrushthrough,butwefailtoaccountforthetruecosts.Dowereallyrecognisewhatitcostsusasasocietywhenchildrencan’tmovesafelyaroundourcommunities?TheauthorsofMovementhaveitright:it’stimetothinkdifferentlyaboutthatstreetoutsideyourfrontdoor.31.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhytheRush?

B.What’sNext?C.WheretoStay? D.WhotoBlame?自主解答

A[导引]Step1:定位主旨句1.核心观点句:...theycallforarethinkofourstreetsandtheroletheyplayinourlives.(Para.2)2.问题本质句:...notjustrushthrough.Weinvestalotinroadsthathelpusrushthrough...(Para.3&Para.5)Step2:梳理行文脉络1.提出问题:城市街道为汽车服务,导致行人的活动空间被严重挤压。(Para.1)2.分析根源:问题的根源在于城市街道的设计理念——只为让车辆“匆匆穿过”(rushthrough),而忽视了其作为生活空间的功能。(Paras.2-4)3.发出呼吁:呼吁我们必须反思(rethink)这种以“速度”和“匆忙”为核心的理念。(Para.5)Step3:合成主旨,匹配标题

选项A“WhytheRush?(为何如此匆忙?)”不仅概括了内容,还传达了作者的态度。[图解]1.解题步骤2.结合好标题的3特点解题3.排除3种错误选项考向2

文章大意题文章大意题要求考生从宏观上把握整篇文章的核心内容。它考查对文章中心思想的提炼能力,选项通常是陈述句形式。做好此类题目的关键在于,整合各段落大意,形成一个全面、精准的整体认知。[典例]

(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C)Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However,mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksoftravelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldservealargeraudiencesuchasahospital,restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweeklysupplyoffreshgreens.Specifically,it’safarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest,userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanewpre-seededpod(容器)togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit’seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)fromtransportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition,there’snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollutetraditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment.BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives...31.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.BMF’smajorstrengths.B.BMF’sgeneralmanagement.C.BMF’sglobalinfluence.D.BMF’stechnicalstandards.自主解答

A[导引]Step1:定位主旨句或串联各段大意本文没有单一的、统领全文的主旨句,而是采用“总起+分述”的结构。引出优势:...BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.(Para.1)便捷优势:...requireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweeklysupply...(Para.2)技术优势:...significantlyreducestheamountofwaterneeded...(Para.3)环保优势:...zeroemissions...noneedforpesticides...(Para.4)理念优势:BMFemployeesliveoutsustainability...(Para.5)Step2:梳理行文脉络全文结构清晰,围绕核心产品BMF,系统性地、层层递进地展示其在不同方面的优点和长处。Step3:合成主旨,匹配选项本文主要介绍了一种名为BMF的室内微型农场系统,并详细列举了它的一系列主要优点。选项A“BMF’smajorstrengths.(BMF的主要优点)”完美地对应了文章“逐一介绍优点”的行文脉络。[图解]考向3

段落大意题段落大意题要求考生精准概括特定段落的中心思想。它与文章大意题的解题思路类似,但范围小,只聚焦于一个段落。解题时,专注于该段内部的逻辑关系,找出统领全段的中心句,或通过整合句意来提炼核心内容。[典例]

(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B)LeighTindale’sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber’streatmentseasedherdog’ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse,Nappy,“movesmoreeasilyandridesmorecomfortably”afterachiropracticadjustment.26.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Stepsofachiropractictreatment.B.Thecomplexityofveterinarians’work.C.Examplesofrareanimaldiseases.D.Theeffectivenessofholisticmedicine.自主解答

D[导引]Step1:定位主旨句或串联句意该段无单一主旨句,由两个并列的例子构成。通过列举狗和马两个成功治愈的案例,来证明Farber的holisticmedicine的疗效。Step2:匹配选项选项D“Theeffectivenessofholisticmedicine.”是对Farber所用疗法(针灸、脊柱矫正等替代疗法)的恰当归类。该选项完美总结了本段的论证目的,是最佳选项。[图解]1.(2025·全国二卷阅读C)WhenSonjaDetrinidadopenedheronlineshopsellinghouseplants,shedidn’thavehighhopesforit.Buttheoppositehappened:Shewasflooded,shippingout1,200ordersinJuneof2020alone.Inthepastyear,Detrinidadsentoutmorethan70,000plants.Hersuccessisjustoneexampleofincreasedtimeathomeleadingtoanexplosioninthehouseplantindustry.运用所学方法解答下列题目“Plantsareinfashionrightnow,”saysDr.MelindaKnuth,aresearcherfromtheUniversityofFlorida.“Peoplewholiveinplant-richenvironmentsreportahigherlifesatisfactionrating,”shesays.“Addingmorenaturetoourenvironmentcanchangeourmoodandhowwethink.”Plantscanimproveourstateofmindinafewwaysbutthebiggestisbydecreasingourlevelofcortisol,thestresshormone(激素)inourbody.“Studentswhoarearoundplantsperformbetteracademicallythanstudentswhoareinaclassroomwithoutplants,”saysKnuth.“Thisproductivityalsotranslatesintotheworkplaceforadults.Ourstudyshowedthattherewasa30%decreaseinsickleaveforpeoplewhowereinplant-richworkplaces.”Ifyou’reamongthegroupsofpeoplewhoareenjoyingthementalandphysicalhealthbenefitsofsurroundingyourselfwithplants,don’tbeatyourselfupifone(orafew!)doesn’tmakeit.“Doctorspracticemedicineandlawyerspracticelawandyoushouldallowyourselfthepracticeittakestosustainaplant.Tendingtoplantsisanexerciseinpatienceandlearning.Beinvestedintakingcareofit,butifitdies,gogetanotherone,”Detrinidadsays.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TimetoReplaceHouseplantsB.PlantsBoostYourMoodC.TipsonChoosingHouseplantsD.PlantsBrightenYourHome本题为

。

Step1:

核心观点句:Addingmorenaturetoourenvironmentcanchangeourmoodandhowwethink.(Para.2)这句话直接点明了植物对人的核心影响。总结概括句:Ifyou’reamongthegroupsofpeoplewhoareenjoyingthementalandphysicalhealthbenefitsofsurroundingyourselfwithplants...(Para.4)这句话总结了前文论述的各种好处。标题归纳题定位主旨句Step2:

文章的结构是“引出现象→科学阐释其益处→鼓励读者参与”,全文的重心在于论证植物对人情绪和健康的积极作用。Step3:合成主旨,匹配标题标题匹配:选项

是最佳选项。

概括性:“

”精准地抓住了文章论述的核心益处,如changeourmood、improveourstateofmind、decreasingourlevelofcortisol等。

独特性:该标题直接、有力地概括了文章的主旨,即植物对人心理层面的积极作用,涵盖了全文最重要的信息。梳理行文脉络BBoostYourMood2.(2022·全国甲卷阅读C)AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins(企鹅)longingtosayhello.Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer(职业)asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.

AftertakingadegreeatChichesterUniversityinRelatedArts,Ginnibegantotraveltheworld,eventuallygettingworkteachingEnglishinJapanandChile.AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego,thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmericanmainland.“IjustdecidedIwantedtogo,”shesays.“IhadnoideaaboutwhatI’dfindthereandIwasn’tnervous.Ijustwantedtodoit.AndIwantedtodoitaloneasIalwayspreferitthatway.”InMarch2008,Ginniboardedashipwith48passengersshe’dnevermetbefore,tobeginthejourneytowardsAntarctica.“Fromseeingthewildlifetowitnessingsunrises,thewholeexperiencewasamazing.Antarcticaleftanimpressiononmethatnootherplacehas,”Ginnisays.“IrememberthefirsttimeIsawahumpbackwhale;itjustroseoutofthewaterlikesomeprehistoriccreatureandIthoughtitwassmilingatus.Youcouldstillheartheoperaticsoundsitwasmakingunderwater.”Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthebiggestthingsthathithometoGinni.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Achildhooddream.B.Anunforgettableexperience.C.Sailingaroundtheworld.D.MeetinganimalsinAntarctica.本题为

。

Step1:

或串联各段大意

点题句:...atripGinniwouldneverforget.(Para.1)感受句:...thewholeexperiencewasamazing.Antarcticaleftanimpressiononmethatnootherplacehas...(Para.4)升华句:Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland...(Para.5)文章大意题定位主旨句Step2:

文章以记叙文的形式,讲述了Ginni在退休后独自前往南极洲旅行的个人经历。从旅行的缘起、过程中的见闻,到最终深刻的感悟,全文围绕这次旅行展开。梳理行文脉络Step3:合成主旨,匹配选项选项匹配:选项

是最佳选项。

概括性:“

”精准概括了文章从开头(neverforget)到结尾(amazing、leftanimpression)所渲染的核心主题。

独特性:该选项涵盖了旅行的见闻、感受和感悟,是对全文主旨最恰当的总结。Bunforgettableexperience3.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读D)Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Themethodsofestimation.B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.C.Thecausesofpeople’serrors.D.ThedesignofGalton’