小学英语知识点总结及练习题

小学英语知识点总结及练习题小学阶段是英语学习的启蒙期，扎实掌握基础知识点能为后续学习筑牢根基。本文从词汇、语法、情景交际、语音等核心板块梳理知识要点，并配套针对性练习题，助力同学们系统巩固、灵活运用英语知识。一、词汇模块：夯实语言基础（一）词性认知与分类英语词汇按功能可分为名词（表示人、物、地点等，如*student,school,cat*）、动词（表示动作或状态，如*run,like,be*）、形容词（描述特征，如*happy,tall,beautiful*）、副词（修饰动作或形容词，如*quickly,very,often*）、代词（代替名词，如*I,you,it,our*）、介词（表示关系，如*in,on,under,with*）等。（二）词汇记忆技巧1.归类记忆：将同类词汇整理成组，如职业类（*teacher,doctor,farmer*）、动物类（*dog,bird,fish*）、颜色类（*red,green,blue*）。2.语境记忆：把单词放在句子或短文里记忆，例如：*“Thehappygirlplayswithhercatunderthetree.”*同时记住*happy,girl,play,cat,under,tree*。3.联想记忆：利用音形义关联，如*“eye”*（眼睛）的形状像两只眼睛，*“banana”*的发音可联想“不拿呢？（香蕉太好吃，舍不得拿？）”。（三）易混淆词汇辨析too/to/two：*too*（也，太，副词）→*Ilikeapples,too.*；*to*（介词/不定式符号）→*Gotoschool./Wanttoplay.*；*two*（数词，二）→*Ihavetwobooks.*there/their：*there*（副词，表地点）→*Thereisadog.*；*their*（形容词性物主代词，他们的）→*Theirbagsarered.*词汇练习题（基础篇）1.写出下列单词的词性：(1)*sunny*______(2)*run*______(3)*we*______(4)*slowly*______2.用*too/to/two*填空：(1)Iwant______buyabook.(2)Sheis______young______gotoschool.(3)Ihave______pens.Oneisred,theotherisblue.3.按类别补全单词（每类写2个）：职业类：*teacher*,______,______；动物类：*rabbit*,______,______二、语法体系：掌握语言规则（一）一般现在时：描述常态与习惯1.结构与用法肯定句：主语（非单三）+动词原形+其他→*Iplayfootballeveryday.*主语（单三，*he/she/it/单数名词*）+动词单三（+s/es）+其他→*Sheplaysfootballeveryday.*否定句：主语+*don’t/doesn’t*+动词原形+其他→*Idon’tlikecoffee./Hedoesn’tlikecoffee.*一般疑问句：*Do/Does*+主语+动词原形+其他？→*Doyoulikecats?/Doesshelikecats?*2.动词单三变化规则一般情况加*s*：*play→plays,like→likes*以*s,x,ch,sh,o*结尾加*es*：*pass→passes,fix→fixes,watch→watches,wash→washes,go→goes*以“辅音+y”结尾，变*y*为*i*加*es*：*study→studies,fly→flies*一般现在时练习题1.用所给动词的适当形式填空：(1)Heoften______(*go*)toschoolbybike.(2)We______(*notwatch*)TVonweekdays.(3)______yourmother______(*like*)dancing?2.按要求改写句子：(1)Icleanmyroomeveryweek.（改为否定句）__________________________________(2)SheplaysthepianoonSundays.（改为一般疑问句）__________________________________（二）现在进行时：描述正在进行的动作1.结构与用法肯定句：主语+*be(am/is/are)*+动词ing+其他→*Iamreadingabook./Theyareplayingfootball.*否定句：主语+*be+not*+动词ing+其他→*Heisn’tdoinghishomework.*一般疑问句：*Be*+主语+动词ing+其他？→*Areyousinging?*2.动词ing变化规则一般情况加*ing*：*play→playing,walk→walking*以不发音的*e*结尾，去*e*加*ing*：*make→making,dance→dancing*重读闭音节（辅+元+辅），双写最后一个辅音字母加*ing*：*run→running,swim→swimming*现在进行时练习题1.用所给动词的适当形式填空：(1)Look!Theboys______(*play*)basketballontheplayground.(2)She______(*notdraw*)picturesnow.She______(*read*)astorybook.(3)______you______(*listen*)tomusic?Yes,Iam.2.翻译句子：“他们正在公园里放风筝。”__________________________________（三）一般过去时：描述过去发生的动作或状态1.结构与用法肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他→*Iwenttoschoolyesterday.*否定句：主语+*didn’t*+动词原形+其他→*Ididn’tgotoschoolyesterday.*一般疑问句：*Did*+主语+动词原形+其他？→*Didyougotoschoolyesterday?*2.动词过去式变化规则变化：一般情况加*ed*：*play→played,walk→walked*以不发音的*e*结尾加*d*：*live→lived,dance→danced*以“辅音+y”结尾，变*y*为*i*加*ed*：*study→studied,cry→cried*重读闭音节双写加*ed*：*stop→stopped,plan→planned*不规则变化：需特殊记忆，如*go→went,see→saw,do→did,have→had*一般过去时练习题1.用所给动词的适当形式填空：(1)He______(*visit*)hisgrandparentslastweekend.(2)They______(*notgo*)totheparkyesterday.(3)______you______(*watch*)TVlastnight?2.写出下列动词的过去式：*go*→______*see*→______*do*→______*have*→______（四）Therebe句型：描述“存在有”1.结构与就近原则肯定句：*Thereis*+单数/不可数名词+地点→*Thereisabookonthedesk.**Thereare*+复数名词+地点→*Therearesomebooksonthedesk.*否定句：*Thereisn’t/aren’t*+名词+地点→*Thereisn’tacathere./Therearen’tanycatshere.*一般疑问句：*Is/Arethere*+名词+地点？→*Isthereapeninyourbag?/Arethereanypensinyourbag?*2.就近原则：*be*动词的单复数由**靠近它的名词**决定。例如：*Thereisabookandtwopensonthedesk.*（*abook*是单数，用*is*）；*Therearetwopensandabookonthedesk.*（*twopens*是复数，用*are*）Therebe句型练习题1.用*is*或*are*填空：(1)There______adogandthreecatsintheroom.(2)There______somewaterintheglass.(3)There______manyflowersinthegarden.2.按要求改写句子：(1)Thereisatreebehindthehouse.（改为复数句）__________________________________(2)Therearesomebirdsinthesky.（改为否定句）__________________________________三、情景交际：学会实用表达（一）日常问候与告别问候：*Hello!/Hi!/Goodmorning/afternoon/evening!/Howareyou?I’mfine,thankyou.Andyou?*告别：*Goodbye!/Bye!/Seeyoulater!/Seeyoutomorrow!*（二）感谢与道歉感谢：*Thankyou!/Thanksalot!/Thankyouverymuch!*道歉：*I’msorry./Sorry,I’mlate.*回应道歉：*It’sokay./That’sallright./Nevermind.*（三）请求与帮助请求：*Canyouhelpme?/Couldyoupassmethebook?/MayIuseyourpen?*提供帮助：*CanIhelpyou?/Letmehelpyou.*（四）购物场景店员：*CanIhelpyou?/Whatwouldyoulike?*顾客：*I’dlikeadress./Howmuchisit?/It’stooexpensive.Doyouhavecheaperones?*情景交际练习题从方框中选择合适的句子补全对话（只填序号）：A.*Howmuchisit?*B.*CanIhelpyou?*C.*I’dlikeatoycar.*D.*Hereyouare.*E.*Thankyou.*Shopkeeper:______Tom:______Shopkeeper:Sure.Whichonedoyoulike?Tom:Theblueone.______Shopkeeper:It’s20yuan.Tom:OK.I’lltakeit.Shopkeeper:______Tom:______四、语音知识：突破听说难关（一）字母及字母组合发音元音字母发音（开音节/闭音节）：*a*：开音节（*name,cake*）发*/eɪ/*；闭音节（*cat,bag*）发*/æ/**e*：开音节（*he,she*）发*/i:/*；闭音节（*pen,bed*）发*/e/**i*：开音节（*bike,kite*）发*/aɪ/*；闭音节（*big,pig*）发*/ɪ/**o*：开音节（*nose,home*）发*/əʊ/*；闭音节（*dog,box*）发*/ɒ/*（或*/ɑ:/*，美音）*u*：开音节（*use,cute*）发*/ju:/*；闭音节（*bus,cup*）发*/ʌ/*常见字母组合发音：*ee,ea*（*tea,meet*）发*/i:/*；*oa*（*boat,coat*）发*/əʊ/*；*ai*（*rain,wait*）发*/eɪ/*；*ou*（*house,mouse*）发*/aʊ/*（二）重音与连读重音：单词重音（如*apple*重音在第一个音节*/ˈæpl/*），句子重音（实词如名词、动词、形容词重读，虚词如介词、冠词弱读）。连读：相邻单词首尾音自然相连，如*“putiton”*读成*/pʊtɪtɒn/*（或*/pʊtɪtɒn/*，连读*t*和*ɪ*）。语音练习题1.找出画线部分发音不同的单词：(1)A.*cake*B.*cat*C.*name*______(2)A.*he*B.*pen*C.*she*______(3)A.*bike*B.*big*C.*kite*______2.尝试连读下列短语：练习题答案一、词汇模块1.(1)形容词(2)动词(3)代词(4)副词2.(1)*to*(2)*too*;*to*(3)*two*3.职业类：*docto