2025年ACT科学推理测试卷

2025年ACT科学推理测试卷考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______模拟试卷第一部分1.Abiologistisstudyingthegrowthrateoftwodifferentspeciesofplants,PlantAandPlantB,underidenticallightandwaterconditions.PlantAstartsataheightof5cmandgrowsatarateof2cmperweek.PlantBstartsataheightof10cmandgrowsatarateof1cmperweek.AfterhowmanyweekswillPlantAbetallerthanPlantB?2.AcartravelsfromCityXtoCityYatanaveragespeedof60milesperhour.ItthenreturnsfromCityYtoCityXatanaveragespeedof40milesperhour.Whatistheaveragespeedfortheentireroundtrip?3.Inachemistryexperiment,asubstancedecomposesintotwoproducts,AandB.TheamountofproductAformedisdirectlyproportionaltothesquareofthetimeelapsed,whiletheamountofproductBformedisdirectlyproportionaltothecubeofthetimeelapsed.IftheamountofproductAformedafter3hoursis36grams,andthetotalamountofproductsformedafter3hoursis60grams,howmuchproductBwasformed?4.Aboxcontains3redballs,4blueballs,and5greenballs.Iftwoballsaredrawnatrandomwithoutreplacement,whatistheprobabilitythatbothballsareofthesamecolor?5.Afunctionf(x)isdefinedasf(x)=x^2-4x+4.Forwhatvalueofxdoesf(x)reachitsminimumvalue?6.Arectanglehasaperimeterof30cmandanareaof50cm^2.Whatisthelengthoftherectangle?7.Aninvestorputs$10,000intoamutualfundthatyieldsareturnof7%peryear.After5years,howmuchmoneywilltheinvestorhaveinthemutualfund,assumingtheinterestiscompoundedannually?8.Atrianglehassidesoflengths5cm,12cm,and13cm.Whatisthemeasureoftheangleoppositethelongestside?9.Afactoryproduces1000unitsofaproductinthefirstmonth,1100unitsinthesecondmonth,1200unitsinthethirdmonth,andsoon.Ifthistrendcontinues,howmanyunitswillbeproducedinthe12thmonth?10.Thetemperatureinacertaincityfollowsasinusoidalpatternwithamaximumtemperatureof30degreesCelsiusandaminimumtemperatureof15degreesCelsius.ThetemperaturereachesitsmaximumvalueonJune21st.WhatistheapproximatetemperatureonJuly15th?第二部分11.Astudyinvestigatestheeffectofanewfertilizerontheyieldoftomatoes.Theresearchersrandomlyassignhalfofthetomatoplantstoatreatmentgroupthatreceivesthenewfertilizer,andtheotherhalftoacontrolgroupthatreceivesnofertilizer.Theythenmeasuretheyieldoftomatoes(inpounds)fromeachgroup.Whatistheindependentvariableinthisstudy?12.Aresearchercollectsdataontheannualincome(inthousandsofdollars)andthenumberofyearsofeducationforasampleof100adults.Whichofthefollowingplotswouldbemostappropriateforvisualizingtherelationshipbetweenthesetwovariables?13.Asurveyisconductedtodeterminetheproportionofpeopleinacertaintownwhosupportanewtaxincrease.Theresearchersrandomlyselect500peoplefromthetownandaskthemiftheysupportthetaxincrease.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutthesamplingmethodused?14.Apopulationofbacteriadoublesevery3hours.Iftheinitialpopulationis100bacteria,howlongwillittakeforthepopulationtoreach3200bacteria?15.Thehalf-lifeofaradioactivesubstanceis10years.Thismeansthatevery10years,halfofthesubstancedecays.Ifasampleofthissubstanceinitiallycontains100grams,howmuchofthesubstancewillremainafter30years?16.Aresearchermeasuresthereactiontimeofparticipantsinastudy.Thereactiontimesarenormallydistributedwithameanof0.5secondsandastandarddeviationof0.1seconds.Whatistheprobabilitythatarandomlyselectedparticipantwillhaveareactiontimelessthan0.4seconds?17.Arandomsampleof50studentsisselectedfromalargeuniversity.ThesamplemeanGPAis3.2,andthesamplestandarddeviationis0.5.Whichofthefollowingisa95%confidenceintervalforthetruemeanGPAofallstudentsattheuniversity?18.Aresearcherwantstotestthenullhypothesisthatthemeanweightofmalestudentsisequaltothemeanweightoffemalestudents.Whichofthefollowingisthealternativehypothesis?19.Inachi-squaretestforindependence,thenullhypothesisstatesthatthereisnorelationshipbetweentwocategoricalvariables.Ifthep-valueofthetestis0.03,whatcanbeconcluded?20.Amedicalstudyinvestigatestheeffectivenessofanewdruginreducingbloodpressure.Thestudyfindsastatisticallysignificantassociationbetweentakingthedrugandareductioninbloodpressure.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisavalidconclusion?第三部分21.Astudentisreadingapassageaboutphotosynthesis.Thepassagestatesthatplantsusesunlight,water,andcarbondioxidetoproduceglucoseandoxygen.Thepassagealsomentionsthatchlorophyllisthepigmentresponsibleforcapturingsunlight.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisadirectconsequenceoftheprocessofphotosynthesisdescribedinthepassage?22.Apassagedescribesanexperimentwhereresearchersmeasuretheamountoftimeittakesforamarbletorolldownarampatdifferentangles.Theresultsshowthatastheangleoftherampincreases,thetimeittakesforthemarbletoreachthebottomdecreases.Thepassageconcludesthatthesteepertheramp,thefasterthemarblewillroll.Whichofthefollowingisalimitationofthisexperimentasdescribed?23.Apassagediscussesthetheoryofplatetectonics.ThepassageexplainsthattheEarth'scrustisdividedintoseverallargeplatesthatmoveveryslowlyoverthemantle.Thepassagealsomentionsthatearthquakesandvolcanicactivityareprimarilycausedbythemovementoftheseplates.Basedonthepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisaninferencedrawnfromthetheoryofplatetectonics?24.Apassagepresentsdatashowingtheincreaseintheaverageglobaltemperatureoverthepastcentury.Thepassageincludesagraphwithaclearupwardtrend.Thepassageconcludesthattheincreaseinglobaltemperatureisprimarilyduetohumanactivities.Whichofthefollowingisapotentialsourceofbiasinthedatapresentedasdescribed?25.Apassagedescribesastudyontheeffectsofsleepdeprivationonmemory.Thestudyinvolvestwogroupsofparticipants:onegroupsleepsfor8hours,andtheothergroupsleepsforonly2hours.Theparticipantsarethengivenamemorytest.Thepassagestatesthatthegroupwithlesssleepperformedsignificantlyworseonthememorytest.Whichofthefollowingisakeypieceofinformationmissingfromthedescriptionofthestudy?26.Apassageexplainsthatenzymesareproteinsthatcatalyzechemicalreactionsinlivingorganisms.Thepassagementionsthateachenzymeisspecifictoaparticularreactionortypeofreaction.Thepassagealsomentionsthatenzymescanbedenaturedbyhightemperatures.Basedonthepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsdescribesafunctionofenzymes?27.Apassagediscussesthewatercycle.Thepassagedescribestheprocessofevaporation,condensation,andprecipitation.Thepassagealsomentionsthatthewatercycleisdrivenbythesun'senergy.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdescribesaconsequenceofthewatercycleasdescribed?28.Apassagepresentsinformationaboutthestructureoftheatom.Thepassagediscussesprotons,neutrons,andelectrons.Thepassagealsomentionsthattheatomicnumberofanelementisdeterminedbythenumberofprotonsinitsnucleus.Basedonthepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisacharacteristicofanatom?29.Apassagediscussestheimpactofdeforestationontheenvironment.Thepassagementionsthatdeforestationleadstolossofbiodiversity,soilerosion,andincreasedcarbondioxidelevelsintheatmosphere.Thepassagealsomentionsthatdeforestationisprimarilycausedbyloggingandagriculturalexpansion.Basedonthepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisarecommendationthatcouldhelpmitigatetheimpactofdeforestation?30.Apassagepresentsinformationaboutthehumanimmunesystem.Thepassagediscussestheroleofwhitebloodcellsinfightinginfections.Thepassagealsomentionsthatvaccineshelptheimmunesystemrecognizeandfightspecificpathogens.Basedonthepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsdescribesafunctionoftheimmunesystem?第四部分31.Aresearcherisstudyingtheeffectofdifferentteachingmethodsonstudentperformance.Theresearcherrandomlyassignsstudentstooneofthreegroups:GroupAreceivestraditionallecture-basedinstruction,GroupBreceivesinteractiveonlineinstruction,andGroupCreceivesacombinationofbothlectureandonlineinstruction.Theresearcherthenmeasuresthefinalexamscoresofallstudents.Whatisthedependentvariableinthisstudy?32.Asurveyisconductedtodeterminethelevelofsatisfactionamongcustomersofanewrestaurant.Thesurveyusesa5-pointscale,where1represents"verydissatisfied"and5represents"verysatisfied."Thesurveyresultsaresummarizedinafrequencydistributiontable.Whichofthefollowingstatisticswouldbemostappropriatetodescribethecentraltendencyofthesatisfactionscores?33.Apopulationoffishinalakeisdeclining.Astudyisconductedtoinvestigatethecauseofthedecline.Theresearcherscollectwatersamplesfromdifferentpartsofthelakeandmeasurethelevelsofvariouspollutants.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofaconfoundingvariablethatcouldaffecttheresultsofthestudy?34.Aresearcheristestingthenullhypothesisthatthereisnodifferenceintheaverageheightofmaleandfemaleplantsofacertainspecies.Thealternativehypothesisisthattheaverageheightofmaleplantsisgreaterthantheaverageheightoffemaleplants.Iftheresearcherconductsastatisticaltestandobtainsap-valueof0.02,whatistheconclusion?35.Amedicalstudyinvestigatestheeffectivenessoftwodifferentmedications,MedicationXandMedicationY,inreducingsymptomsofacertaindisease.Thestudyrandomlyassignspatientstooneofthetwomedicationsandmeasurestheseverityofsymptomsafteronemonth.Whichofthefollowingisapotentialsourceofbiasinthestudydesignasdescribed?36.Aresearchercollectsdataontheannualincomeofemployeesatacompany.Thedataisnormallydistributedwithameanof$50,000andastandarddeviationof$10,000.Whichofthefollowingpercentileswouldcorrespondtoanannualincomeof$60,000?37.Apassagedescribesanexperimentwhereresearchersmeasurethegrowthofplantsunderdifferentlightconditions.Theresultsshowthatplantsgrownunderbluelighthavethehighestgrowthrate,followedbyplantsgrownunderredlight,andthenplantsgrownundergreenlight.Thepassageconcludesthatbluelightisthemosteffectiveforplantgrowth.Whichofthefollowingisapotentiallimitationofthisexperimentasdescribed?38.Apassagepresentsdataonthenumberofcarssoldbyadealershipoverthepast10years.Thedatashowsageneraltrendofincreasingsales,butwithsomeyearshavingsignificantlyhighersalesthanothers.Thepassageconcludesthatthedealership'ssalesareincreasingovertime.Whichofthefollowingisapotentiallimitationoftheconclusiondrawnfromthedataasdescribed?39.Apassagediscussestheconceptofhypothesistestinginstatistics.Thepassagementionsthatthenullhypothesisisastatementofnoeffectornodifference.Thepassagealsomentionsthatthealternativehypothesisisastatementthatthereisaneffectoradifference.Basedonthepassage,whichofthefollowingisakeyaspectofhypothesistesting?40.Apassagedescribesastudyontheeffectsofanewteachingmethodonstudentengagement.Thestudyinvolvesacontrolgroupthatreceivestraditionalinstructionandanexperimentalgroupthatreceivesthenewteachingmethod.Thestudymeasuresstudentengagementthroughsurveysandobservations.Whichofthefollowingisapotentiallimitationofthestudydesignasdescribed?试卷答案1.102.48milesperhour3.24grams4.1/225.26.10cm7.$15,708.448.90degrees9.1600units10.20degreesCelsius11.Thetypeoffertilizer(newfertilizervs.nofertilizer)12.Scatterplot13.Simplerandomsampling14.9hours15.6.25grams16.0.5or50%17.(3.135,3.265)18.Themeanweightofmalestudentsisgreaterthanthemeanweightoffemalestudents.19.Thereisasignificantrelationshipbetweenthetwocategoricalvariables.20.Thedrugiseffectiveinreducingbloodpressure.21.Plantsproduceglucose,whichisaformofenergy,throughphotosynthesis.22.Theexperimentdoesnotcontrolforothervariablesthatcouldaffec