湖南省衡阳市部分学校2025-2026学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1湖南省衡阳市部分学校2025-2026学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFromgoingtoworktotraveling,herearesomebackpacksyoucanuseinseveraldifferentsituations.SZLXbackpackThisbackpackisdescribedas“designedfortravel”andyoucanseewhy—asunzippedandopen,itlooksabitlikeacarry-onbag.Ithastwozippocketsandaninsidecompartment(隔层).Withashoecompartmentandabagforwetclothes,itisagreatchoicefortravelingandregularuse.DellaGaobackpackThisbackpackwillhaveyoufeelingsafe,withlockablezips(拉链).Ithasthreemaincompartmentsandat17inches,hasalargeoverallspaceforkeepingimportantitems.It’sawisechoiceforbusinesstravel,universityorifyou’regoingonholidaywithhigh-valueitems.LekeskybackpackLookinglikeacrossbetweenalunchbagandabackpack,theLekeskybagisactuallyabitofboth,withtwopocketsalongsideamaincompartment.Thebagalsohasaseparatelunchcompartment,abletostorefoodforninehourswithanicebag.Thebagcomesinblack/whiteaswellasgreen/white.MaxtopbackpackIfwhatyou’reafterinabackpackisalotofspace,thenthisbagwillbetheoneforyou.ItcomeswithmetalzippersandaUSBport,plusitcanbefoldedupwhennotinuse.ItalsohasaD-ringforyoutohangakeyorotheritemsifdesired.1.Whichbackpackbestsuitsapersoncarryingexpensiveitems?A.DellaGaobackpack B.LekeskybackpackC.SZLXbackpack D.Maxtopbackpack2.WhatistrueaboutLekeskybackpack?A.Itcomesinfourdifferentcolors.B.Itisgreatforkeepingfood.C.Itcanbefoldedupwhennotinuse.D.Ithasabagforwetclothes.3.Inwhichsectionofanewspaperdoesthetextprobablyappear?A.Sports. B.Health. C.Lifestyle. D.Culture.【答案】1.A2.B3.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一些可以在不同场合使用的背包。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据DellaGaobackpack下的“Thisbackpackwillhaveyoufeelingsafe,withlockablezips(拉链).Ithasthreemaincompartmentsandat17inches,hasalargeoverallspaceforkeepingimportantitems.It’sawisechoiceforbusinesstravel,universityorifyou’regoingonholidaywithhigh-valueitems.(这个背包有可锁的拉链，会让你有安全感。它有三个主隔间，有17英寸的空间，整体空间很大，可以存放重要物品。对于商务旅行、上大学或带着贵重物品去度假来说，这是一个明智的选择)”可知，DellaGaobackpack最适合携带贵重物品。故选A项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据Lekeskybackpack下的“Lookinglikeacrossbetweenalunchbagandabackpack,theLekeskybagisactuallyabitofboth,withtwopocketsalongsideamaincompartment.Thebagalsohasaseparatelunchcompartment,abletostorefoodforninehourswithanicebag.Thebagcomesinblack/whiteaswellasgreen/white.(Lekesky包看起来像是午餐袋和背包的混合体，实际上两者兼而有之，在主隔层旁边有两个口袋。这个袋子还有一个单独的午餐隔间，可以用冰袋储存9个小时的食物。这个包有黑色/白色和绿色/白色两种颜色)”可知，Lekeskybackpack很适合保存食物。故选B项。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Fromgoingtoworktotraveling,herearesomebackpacksyoucanuseinseveraldifferentsituations.(从上班到旅行，这里有一些你可以在不同场合使用的背包)”可知，本文主要介绍一些可以在不同场合使用的背包，而背包和生活有关。由此推知，本文有可能出现在报纸的生活方式板块。故选C项。BEveryyearvaccines(疫苗)savearoundfivemillionlivesglobally.Unfortunately,mostvaccinesneedtobekeptcooltostopthemfromgoingoff.Thismakesitdifficulttotransportthemtoremoteareas,becauseiftheygettoowarmtheywon’twork.ThisiswhatDrAselSartbaevahasbeenattemptingtosolve.Asachild,AselSartbaevaalwayslookeduptoscientistslikeMichaelFaradayandMarieCurie.WhenshestudiedatCambridgeUniversity,shemetanaward-winningphysicistcalledBrianJosephson.“Myjawdropped,”shesaid,“Itfeltlikea‘bigthing’formetobeworkinginthesameplaceasscientistsIhadlookeduptoforsolong.”In2010,whentakingherdaughtertobevaccinated,shenoticedthedoctorhadkeptthevaccinesinthefridge.Latershefoundthattherewereplacesaroundtheworldwherevaccinescouldn’tbedeliveredbecausetheycouldn’tberefrigerated(冷藏)forthewholejourney—meaningsomepeoplemissoutongettingvaccines.Sartbaevawantedtoinventawaytokeepvaccinesstableatalltemperatures,soshecameupwithensilication(硅化法)toimprovetheirstability.Overthenextfewyears,Sartbaevaandherteamhavetestedoutdifferentwaystoseeiftheensilicatedvaccinescanbekeptstablewhenthey’reoutofthefridge.OneoftheseexperimentsinvolvedsendingvaccinesinthepostfromBathtoNewcastle.Thejourneyismorethan300miles,whichcantakeadayortwobypost,butthevaccineswerestillsafetousewhentheyarrived.In2021,SartbaevawasnamedaUNICEFAmbassadorforGirlsinScienceProject.Shedesignedexperimentstogetgirlsinterestedinthescience-basedsubjects.“Ihopethey’llencouragemoregirlstoworkinscientificfieldbecauseweneedmorelikethem.Besidesscientificandteachingwork,Istrivetobridgethegapbetweenscientificinnovationsandthepublic,makingthemmoreaccessible,”shesaid.4.HowdidSartbaevafeelwhenshemetBrianJosephson?A.Embarrassed. B.Relieved. C.Scared. D.Honored.5.WhatdroveSartbaevatoinventensilication?A.Poorqualityofvaccines. B.Vaccineinstabilitywithoutrefrigeration.C.Herdaughter’sunexpectedillness. D.Children’shighdemandforvaccines.6.Whydoestheauthormentionthejourneyinparagraph4?A.Toshowtheeffectivenessofensilication.B.Toemphasizethehighcostoftransportation.C.Tocomparedifferentmeansoftransportation.D.Toexplaintheworkingprincipleofensilication.7.WhatcanweknowaboutSartbaevaaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.SheencouragesgirlstobeUNICEFAmbassadors.B.Shetriestoclearthemisunderstandingaboutwomen.C.Sheaimstopopularizescienceamongcommonpeople.D.Shethinksfemalesmoretalentedthanmalesinscience.【答案】4.D5.B6.A7.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了阿塞尔·萨特巴耶娃博士致力于解决疫苗运输过程中的冷藏难题，发明了硅化法来保持疫苗的稳定性，以及她为推广科学所做出的努力。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“WhenshestudiedatCambridgeUniversity,shemetanaward-winningphysicistcalledBrianJosephson.“Myjawdropped,”shesaid,“Itfeltlikea‘bigthing’formetobeworkinginthesameplaceasscientistsIhadlookeduptoforsolong.”(当她在剑桥大学学习时，她遇到了一位获奖物理学家，名叫布莱恩·约瑟夫森。她说：“我当时目瞪口呆，对我来说，能和我仰慕已久的科学家在同一个地方工作，感觉就像是一件大事。”)”可知，布莱恩·约瑟夫森是萨特巴耶娃仰慕已久的科学家，能遇到约瑟夫森并与他在同一个地方工作，她感到很荣幸。故选D项。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Latershefoundthattherewereplacesaroundtheworldwherevaccinescouldn’tbedeliveredbecausetheycouldn’tberefrigerated(冷藏)forthewholejourney—meaningsomepeoplemissoutongettingvaccines.Sartbaevawantedtoinventawaytokeepvaccinesstableatalltemperatures,soshecameupwithensilication(硅化法)toimprovetheirstability.(后来她发现，世界上有些地方因为无法在整个运输过程中冷藏疫苗，导致疫苗无法送达——这意味着有些人无法接种疫苗。萨特巴耶娃想发明一种方法，让疫苗在所有温度下都能保持稳定，于是她想出了硅化法来提高疫苗的稳定性)”可知，是疫苗在没有冷藏的情况下的不稳定性促使萨特巴耶娃发明了硅化法。故选B项。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“Overthenextfewyears,Sartbaevaandherteamhavetestedoutdifferentwaystoseeiftheensilicatedvaccinescanbekeptstablewhenthey’reoutofthefridge.OneoftheseexperimentsinvolvedsendingvaccinesinthepostfromBathtoNewcastle.Thejourneyismorethan300miles,whichcantakeadayortwobypost,butthevaccineswerestillsafetousewhentheyarrived.(在接下来的几年里，萨特巴耶娃和她的团队测试了不同的方法，以观察硅化疫苗在离开冰箱后是否能保持稳定。其中一个实验包括通过邮寄将疫苗从巴斯送到纽卡斯尔。这段旅程超过300英里，邮寄可能需要一两天的时间，但疫苗到达时仍然可以安全使用)”可知，作者在第四段中提到邮寄疫苗的旅程是为了展示硅化法的有效性，即疫苗在离开冰箱后仍然可以保持稳定。故选A项。【7题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Besidesscientificandteachingwork,Istrivetobridgethegapbetweenscientificinnovationsandthepublic,makingthemmoreaccessible(除了科学和教学之外，我还努力弥合科学创新与公众之间的差距，使科学创新更容易被公众接受)”可知，萨特巴耶娃致力于在普通民众中普及科学。故选C项。CTheideathatthestandardhumanbodytemperatureisabout37℃wasfirstpresentedbytheGermanphysicianCarlReinholdAugustWunderlichin1851.Sincethen,it’sbecomesowidelyacceptedthatitservesasatouchstoneforhealth—atoolusedbyphysiciansandparentsasabasicindicatorofwhethersomeoneissickorwell.However,itturnsoutthatthiswell-establishedfactisn’t,infact,correct—or,toputitmoreaccurately,humanbeingshavebeengettingcoolerovertheyears.Recentstudieshaveshownthattemperaturerecordsofgroupsofpeoplehavetendedtorunlowcomparedtotheacceptednorm(标准).Therefore,aStanfordteam,ledbyProfessorJulieParsonnet,decidedtodoamorein-depthstudytocomparemodernmeasurementswithhistoricalrecordstotrytoidentifybodytemperaturetrendsand,perhaps,uncoverthereasonwhythiscoolingishappening.Fortheirresearch,theStanfordteamlookedatthreedistinctdatasetsfromtwohistoricalperiods.Aftergoingthrough677,423temperaturemeasurements,theteamfoundthatmenborninthe21stcenturyhadanaveragebodytemperatureof0.6℃lowerthanthatofthoseborninthelate19thcentury,whilewomenborninthesameperiodshowedanaveragedecreaseof0.03℃comparedtothoseborninthe1890s.Astowhythisishappening,theresearcherssaythatthemostlikelymechanismisareduction(减少)inthehumanmetabolicrate(代谢率)duetoenvironmentalfactors.Onepossibilityisthatimprovementsinpublichealthover200yearshavereducedtheimpactofinflammations(炎症),whichpromotemetabolism.This,combinedwithpeoplelivingmorecomfortablelivesinmorestableenvironments,meansthatthebodydoesn’thavetoworkashardtostaywarm,sotheaveragetemperaturefalls.“Theenvironmentthatwe’relivinginhaschanged.Althoughwethinkofhumanbeingsasifwehavebeenthesameforallofhumanevolution(演化),we’renotthesame.We’reactuallychangingphysiologically,”Parsonnetsaid.8.What’sCarlReinholdAugustWunderlich’sachievement?A.Hesetupstandardsforhumanhealthservices.B.Hefirstusedbodytemperatureasahealthsignal.C.Hepredictedtrendsinhumans’bodytemperature.D.Heproposedthestandardofhumanbodytemperature.9.WhatdotheStanfordteam’stemperaturemeasurementsshow?A.Womenhavealowerbodytemperaturethanmen.B.Humans’bodytemperaturehasdroppedatafasterrate.C.Men’sbodytemperaturehasfallenfasterthanthatofwomen.D.Environmentaltemperatureshaverisensincethelate19thcentury.10.Whichofthefollowingisthoughttocausethedecreaseinhumanbodytemperature?A.Thedependenceontools. B.Theadaptiontoclimatechange.C.Thecontactwithotheranimals. D.Theimprovedlivingconditions.11.WhatisthemainideaofParsonnet’sstatementinthelastparagraph?A.Humanshavestayedbiologicallythesameduringevolution.B.Thechangedlivingenvironmenthascausedphysiologicalchangesinhumans.C.Modernhumans’livingenvironmentismuchbetterthanancientpeople’s.D.Humanevolutionhasstoppedbecausethecurrentlivingenvironmentisstable.【答案】8.D9.C10.D11.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍人类标准体温37℃的由来，以及研究发现人类体温近年呈下降趋势，并分析其可能原因。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Theideathatthestandardhumanbodytemperatureisabout37℃wasfirstpresentedbytheGermanphysicianCarlReinholdAugustWunderlichin1851.(人类标准体温约为37℃的观点，最早由德国医生卡尔・莱因霍尔德・奥古斯特・温德利希于1851年提出)”可知，卡尔・莱因霍尔德・奥古斯特・温德利希的成就在于首次提出了人类体温的标准。故选D项。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Aftergoingthrough677,423temperaturemeasurements,theteamfoundthat

menborninthe21stcenturyhadanaveragebodytemperatureof0.6℃lowerthanthatofthoseborninthelate19thcentury,whilewomenborninthesameperiodshowedanaveragedecreaseof0.03℃comparedtothoseborninthe1890s.(在进行了677,423次温度测量后，研究小组发现，21世纪出生的男性平均体温比19世纪末出生的男性低0.6℃，而同期出生的女性平均体温比19世纪90年代出生的女性低0.03℃)”可知，斯坦福团队的测量结果显示男性体温下降速度比女性快。故选C项。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Onepossibilityisthatimprovementsinpublichealthover200yearshavereducedtheimpactofinflammations(炎症),whichpromotemetabolism.This,combinedwithpeoplelivingmorecomfortablelivesinmorestableenvironments,meansthatthebodydoesn’thavetoworkashardtostaywarm,sotheaveragetemperaturefalls.(一种可能性是，200年来公众健康状况的改善减少了炎症的影响，而炎症可以促进新陈代谢。再加上人们在更稳定的环境中过着更舒适的生活，这意味着身体不需要像以前那样努力工作来保暖，所以平均温度下降了)”可知，生活条件的改善被认为是人类体温下降的原因。故选D项。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段““Theenvironmentthatwe’relivinginhaschanged.Althoughwethinkofhumanbeingsasifwehavebeenthesameforallofhumanevolution(演化),we’renotthesame.We’reactuallychangingphysiologically,”Parsonnetsaid.(“我们生活的环境已经改变了。虽然我们认为人类在整个进化过程中都是一样的，但我们并不一样。我们实际上是在生理上发生变化，”帕森内特说)”可知，帕森内特的陈述核心是变化的生活环境导致了人类的生理变化。故选B项。DAnancientLatinproverbsays“Aquilanoncapitmuscas”—eaglesdon’thuntflies—meaningthatimportantonesshouldn’tconcernthemselveswithsmall,insignificantmatters.ButthelionsinEastAfricashouldconcernthemselveswiththeseeminglyinsignificantants,becausetheseantsarechangingtheirlifestyles.Thestorystartswiththeacaciatrees(金合欢树)inanAfricanwildlifeareaincentralKenya.Someoftheseacaciatreesprovidefoodandshelterforspecificantspecies,whichinturndefendthetreeagainstherbivores(食草动物).Theantsareactivelyattackinganddrivingawayherbivoresthatattempttofeedonthetree’sleaves.Thisishighlyeffective;theantsnotonlyphysicallyharmtheherbivoresbutalsoreleasechemicalsthatcandeterotherpotentialattackers.Buttheseantsareintrouble.Anotherspeciescalledthe“big-headed”antisdestroyingentiregroupsoftree-protectingants.This,inturn,setsoffanentirechainofeventsthatendsupinfluencingwhenandhowlionscanhunt.Thisantinvasion(入侵)affectsonethingafteranother.Itleavestheacaciatreesdefenselessagainstherbivoresespeciallyelephants.Theelephantscomeinandeattheacaciasatfivetoseventimestherateobservedinuninvadedareas.Thelions,whilehuntingforfood,havenomoretreestouseforhiding.Thisreducedtreecovermakeslionslesssuccessfulathuntingandpushesthemtofinddifferentareastohuntin.“ThesetinyinvadersarepullingonthetiesthatputanAfricanecosystem(生态系统)together,determiningwhoiseatenandwhere,”saidToddPalmer,anecologistfromFlorida.Thelions,whicharealreadyendangered,aremanagingtocopewiththisbynolongerfocusingtheirattentiononzebras.Thezebras,ofcourse,canseethemmuchbetterontheapproachgiventhelackofcover.Instead,theyaretargetingwaterbuffalo.Butthisalsoisn’ttheendofthestory.Whoknowswhatthelions’changingstrategywillmeanfortheecosystemdowntheline?12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deter”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Direct. B.Discourage. C.Recognize. D.Seek.13.Whatroledotheelephantsplayinthechainreaction?A.Cooperatingwith“big-headed”ants. B.Damagingthehidingplaceforlions.C.Protectingtheacaciasfromherbivores. D.Startingoffthedisturbanceofthechain.14.WhatcanweinferfromToddPalmer’swordsinparagraph5?A.Ecologistshavefoundawaytocontrolbig-headedants.B.TheAfricanecosystemwillsoonrecoverfromtheantinvasion.C.Onlybig-headedantscaninfluencethesurvivalofotherspecies.D.Big-headedantshavebrokenthebalanceoftheAfricanecosystem.15.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TinyAnts,BigImpact:ChangingtheWayLionsHunt.B.TheLawofJungle:HowElephantsRuletheEcosystem.C.ZebrasorBuffalo:Lions’ChoiceShiftinFoodPreference.D.Ecologists’NewDiscovery:MysteryBehindAfricanAcaciaTrees.【答案】12.B13.B14.D15.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍东非的大头蚁破坏护树蚁，引发连锁反应，最终改变狮子的狩猎方式。【12题详析】词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Theantsareactivelyattackinganddrivingawayherbivoresthatattempttofeedonthetree’sleaves.Thisishighlyeffective;theantsnotonlyphysicallyharmtheherbivoresbutalsoreleasechemicalsthatcandeterotherpotentialattackers.(蚂蚁会主动攻击并赶走试图吃树叶的食草动物。这种方法非常有效；蚂蚁不仅会对食草动物造成身体伤害，还会释放出能deter其他潜在攻击者的化学物质)”可知，“deter”与“discourage(使……泄气，阻止)”语义相近，指阻止潜在攻击者。故选B。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Theelephantscomeinandeattheacaciasatfivetoseventimestherateobservedinuninvadedareas.Thelions,whilehuntingforfood,havenomoretreestouseforhiding.(大象会进入该区域，其食用金合欢树的速度是未被入侵区域的5到7倍。狮子在觅食时，再也没有树可以用来藏身了)”可知，大象破坏了狮子的藏身之处。故选B。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据第五段中“ThesetinyinvadersarepullingonthetiesthatputanAfricanecosystemtogether,determiningwhoiseatenandwhere(这些微小的入侵者正在拉扯维系非洲生态系统的纽带，决定着谁会被吃掉以及在何处被吃掉)”可知，大头蚁破坏了非洲生态系统的平衡。故选D。【15题详析】主旨大意题。文章开篇以谚语引出“看似微不足道的蚂蚁改变狮子生活方式”，后文围绕大头蚁引发的连锁反应（破坏护树蚁→大象吃金合欢树→狮子失去藏身之处→改变狩猎对象）展开，核心是“小蚂蚁对狮子狩猎产生大影响”，适合作为标题。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thereissomethingmagicalaboutexploringthegreatoutdoorsandhiking.Whetheryou’reasustainingornewhiker,hikingoffersadvantagesforyourbody,mindandspirit.IncreasephysicalfitnessHikingisanexcellentwaytoimproveyouroverallfitness.Althoughotherformsofexercisearegreatforyourhealth,hikinghasuniqueadvantagesthatcan’tbeproducedbyarunningmachine.____16____Improvementalwell-being(心理健康)____17____Spendingtimeinnature,includinghiking,canhelpliftyourspirits,increaseyourself-confidenceandsometimesreduceanxiety.Themixofphysicalactivity,freshairandthecalmingeffectsofnaturecanhaveastrongeffectonyourmentalwell-being.StrengthensocialconnectionsWhetheryougoonahikewithfriendsorjoinahikinggroup,thesharedexperiencescanbehighlyadvantageousandcancreatewonderfulsharedmemories.Hikingishard.____18____Soinviteafriendorjoinalocalhikinggroup,andexperiencethehappinessofconnectingwithotherswhileexploringnature.Improvecognitivefunction(认知功能)Doingphysicalactivityinnatureactivatesthebrain,leadingittoimprovefocus,creativityandproblem-solvingskills.Researchshowedthatspendingtimeinnaturecanimprovecognitivefunction.____19____Adropinspendingtimeinnatureandinphysicalactivitycanpossiblycauseacognitivedecline(下降).Developenvironmentalawareness(意识)Exploringpaths,forestsandmountainscanhelpyouconnecttonatureanddevelopagreaterunderstandingoftheneedtoprotecttheenvironment.Keepinmindafewthingswhilehiking—beingcarefulaboutcreatingfires,treatingwildlifewithcareandmakingsuretobringthingswithyouinordernottolitter.____20____A.Andtheoppositeisalsotrue.B.Youcanfeelasenseofcommunity.C.Byhiking,youcanactivelyhelpyourplanet.D.Buthikingasagrouphelpspeoplestayfocusedandenergized.E.Hikingoffersamuch-neededbreakfromthestressesofdailylife.F.Howlongyouneedtobeamongnaturedependsonhowactiveyou’vebeen.G.Youcanimproveyourstrengthandhealthwhileenjoyingthegreatoutdoors.【答案】16.G17.E18.D19.A20.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了徒步旅行对人体、心理和精神层面的多种益处，包括提升体能、改善心理健康、加强社交联系、提高认知功能以及培养环保意识。【16题详析】根据上文“Hikingisanexcellentwaytoimproveyouroverallfitness.Althoughotherformsofexercisearegreatforyourhealth,hikinghasuniqueadvantagesthatcan’tbeproducedbyarunningmachine.(徒步旅行是改善整体健康状况的绝佳方式。尽管其他形式的运动对健康有益，但徒步旅行具有跑步机无法替代的独特优势。)”可知，此空需具体说明徒步旅行在提升体能方面的独特好处。G选项“Youcanimproveyourstrengthandhealthwhileenjoyingthegreatoutdoors.(你可以在享受户外美景的同时增强体力和健康。)”直接呼应“提升体能”的主题，体现徒步旅行结合运动与户外体验的独特性，符合语境。故选G项。【17题详析】根据本段小标题“Improvementalwell-being(心理健康)”以及下文“Spendingtimeinnature,includinghiking,canhelpliftyourspirits,increaseyourself-confidenceandsometimesreduceanxiety.(花时间在大自然中，包括徒步旅行，有助于振奋精神、增强自信，有时还能减轻焦虑。)”可知，此空需引出徒步旅行对心理健康的积极作用，强调其缓解压力的效果。E选项“Hikingoffersamuch-neededbreakfromthestressesofdailylife.(徒步旅行为日常生活的压力提供了急需的喘息机会。)”直接点出徒步旅行对心理压力的缓解作用，为下文具体益处做铺垫，符合语境。故选E项。【18题详析】根据上文“Whetheryougoonahikewithfriendsorjoinahikinggroup,thesharedexperiencescanbehighlyadvantageousandcancreatewonderfulsharedmemories.Hikingishard.(无论你是和朋友徒步旅行还是加入徒步旅行团，共同的经历都非常有益，还能创造美好的共同回忆。徒步旅行并不容易。)”以及下文“Soinviteafriendorjoinalocalhikinggroup,andexperiencethehappinessofconnectingwithotherswhileexploringnature.(所以，邀请朋友或加入当地的徒步旅行团，在探索自然的同时体验与他人交流的快乐吧。)”可知，此空需体现团队徒步旅行的优势，弥补独自徒步的艰难。D选项“Buthikingasagrouphelpspeoplestayfocusedandenergized.(但组队徒步旅行有助于人们保持专注和活力。)”以“but”形成转折，承接上文“徒步不易”的内容，引出组队的好处，衔接下文的建议，符合语境。故选D项。【19题详析】根据上文“Researchshowedthatspendingtimeinnaturecanimprovecognitivefunction.(研究表明，花时间在大自然中可以提高认知功能。)”以及下文“Adropinspendingtimeinnatureandinphysicalactivitycanpossiblycauseacognitivedecline(下降).(减少在大自然中的时间和体育活动可能会导致认知能力下降。)”可知，此空需衔接“自然体验提升认知”与“缺乏自然体验导致认知下降”的相反关系。A选项“Andtheoppositeisalsotrue.(反之亦然。)”精准体现这种反向逻辑，承接上文正面结论，引出下文反面情况，符合语境。故选A项。【20题详析】根据本段小标题“Developenvironmentalawareness(意识)”以及上文“Keepinmindafewthingswhilehiking—beingcarefulaboutcreatingfires,treatingwildlifewithcareandmakingsuretobringthingswithyouinordernottolitter.(徒步旅行时要记住几件事——小心生火、爱护野生动物、确保随身携带物品以免乱扔垃圾。)”可知，此空需总结徒步旅行中环保行为对地球的积极作用。C选项“Byhiking,youcanactivelyhelpyourplanet.(通过徒步旅行，你可以积极地帮助地球。)”直接呼应环保主题，总结上文环保行为的意义，符合语境。故选C项。第三部分语言运用(共四节，共55分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。At30,Imovedoutofmyparents’house,whichwasn’tabig____21____foranyone.Butmysituationis____22____,becauseIhavecerebralpalsy(大脑性麻痹).Mylefthanddoesn’twork,andIwalkwithacane(拐杖).Mylefteyeisalmostblind.EverythingIdotakestimeand____23____.Myparents,especiallymymom,dideverythingformewhenIgrewup.Lastyear,Idecideditwastimefora____24____.IwantedtoliveonmyownalthoughIwasafraidImightnotmanageit.Iknewmymomwasn’tgoingtobearoundforever.Thoughshe____25____aboutme,shewasvery____26____ofthisdecision,andevenfoundmethesmallhouseI’mlivingin.IwasconfidentIcoulddealwithanydifficulty,butIdidn’t____27____thatmyPop-Tartsbreakfastwouldbemyfirstbig____28____.IputmyPop-Tartsinthetoaster(烤面包机),buttheypoppedoutsofastthatoneofthemfellonthefloor.Iwas____29____.Ilookedatitand____30____whattodo.IknewIneededto____31____thesituationmyself.Afterthinkingforawhile,Irememberedthegrabbing(抓)sticksIboughtfor____32____likethis.Iusedthemtocarefullygrabthefallentartandfinallyputitbackonthecounter.Ihad____33____it!Sincethatday,I’velearnedtodomorethings.The____34____I’mhavinglivingonmyownisbiggerthananyofmyfears.NowIamableto____35____myself.IknowImadetherightdecision.21.A.deal B.mistake C.result D.chance22.A.real B.different C.safe D.simple23.A.luck B.money C.experience D.patience24.A.trip B.visit C.change D.lesson25.A.lied B.asked C.talked D.worried26.A.sure B.supportive C.afraid D.careful27.A.expect B.promise C.admit D.mention28.A.loss B.plan C.test D.hobby29.A.busy B.tired C.hungry D.surprised30.A.showed B.wondered C.recorded D.explained31.A.fix B.avoid C.discuss D.forget32.A.houses B.machines C.situations D.foods33.A.seen B.put C.got D.done34.A.fun B.honor C.need D.idea35.A.payattentionto B.takecareof C.getusedto D.makefunof【答案】21.A22.B23.D24.C25.D26.B27.A28.C29.D30.B31.A32.C33.D34.A35.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了患大脑性麻痹的作者30岁时决定独立生活，克服困难最终成功的经历。【21题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：30岁时，我搬出了父母家，这对任何人来说都不是什么大不了的事。A.deal要事、交易；B.mistake错误；C.result结果；D.chance机会。根据下文“becauseIhavecerebralpalsy”和but表转折可知，对普通人而言搬出父母家不算大事。故选A。【22题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我的情况不同，因为我患有大脑性麻痹。A.real真实的；B.different不同的；C.safe安全的；D.simple简单的。根据下文“becauseIhavecerebralpalsy”可知，作者因患病，情况与普通人不同。故选B。【23题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我做任何事都需要时间和耐心。A.luck运气；B.money金钱；C.experience经验；D.patience耐心。根据上文“Mylefthanddoesn’twork,andIwalkwithacane(拐杖).Mylefteyeisalmostblind.”可推知，作者做每件事都需时间和耐心。故选D。【24题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年，我决定是时候做出改变了。A.trip旅行；B.visit拜访；C.change改变；D.lesson教训。根据下文“Iwantedtoliveonmyown”可知，作者想独立生活，这是一种生活改变。故选C。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然她很担心我，但她非常支持我的这个决定，甚至帮我找到了我现在住的这个小房子。A.lied撒谎；B.asked询问；C.talked谈论；D.worried担心。根据上文“becauseIhavecerebralpalsy(大脑性麻痹).Mylefthanddoesn’twork,andIwalkwithacane(拐杖).Mylefteyeisalmostblind.”可知，作者想要独立生活，母亲会担心他。故选D。【26题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然她很担心我，但她非常支持我的这个决定，甚至帮我找到了我现在住的这个小房子。A.sure确定的；B.supportive支持的；C.afraid害怕的；D.careful仔细的。根据下文“evenfoundmethesmallhouseI’mlivingin”可知，母亲为他找房子，说明支持他的决定。故选B。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我有信心能应对任何困难，但我没料到我的早餐果塔会成为我的第一个大考验。A.expect预料；B.promise承诺；C.admit承认；D.mention提及。根据上文“IwasconfidentIcoulddealwithanydifficulty”和下文早餐果塔掉落的意外，可知作者没预料到这件事。故选A。【28题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我有信心能应对任何困难，但我没料到我的早餐果塔会成为我的第一个大考验。A.loss损失；B.plan计划；C.test考验；D.hobby爱好。根据下文“IputmyPop-Tartsinthetoaster(烤面包机),buttheypoppedoutsofastthatoneofthemfellonthefloor.”结合作者独立生活的背景可知，早餐果塔掉落需自己处理，这是独立生活的第一个考验。故选C。【29题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很惊讶。A.busy忙碌的；B.tired疲惫的；C.hungry饥饿的；D.surprised惊讶的。根据上文“IputmyPop-Tartsinthetoaster(烤面包机),buttheypoppedoutsofastthatoneofthemfellonthefloor.”可知，果塔突然弹出掉落，这是作者没预料到的情况，所以会感到惊讶。故选D。【30题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看着它，不知道该怎么办。A.showed展示；B.wondered想知道；C.recorded记录；D.explained解释。根据上文“Mylefthanddoesn’twork,andIwalkwithacane( 拐杖).Mylefteyeisalmostblind.”可知，作者身体不便，面对掉落的果塔，一时不知道该如何处理。故选B。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道我需要自己解决这个问题。A.fix解决、处理；B.avoid避免；C.discuss讨论；D.forget忘记。根据上文“IwantedtoliveonmyownalthoughIwasafraidImightnotmanageit.”可知，独自生活遇到问题需要自己解决。故选A。【32题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：想了一会儿，我想起了我为这种情况买的抓取棒。A.houses房子；B.machines机器；C.situations情况；D.foods食物。根据上文“

IputmyPop-Tartsinthetoaster(烤面包机),buttheypoppedoutsofastthatoneofthemfellonthefloor.”可知，抓取棒是为应对类似果塔掉落这样的情况而买的。故选C。【33题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我成功了！A.seen看见；B.put放置；C.got得到；D.done成功做到。根据上文“Iusedthemtocarefullygrabthefallentartandfinallyputitbackonthecounter.

”可知，他成功处理了这个问题。故选D。【34题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我独立生活的乐趣比我所有的恐惧都要大。A.fun乐趣；B.honor荣誉；C.need需要；D.idea想法。根据下文“biggerthananyofmyfears”和作者能照顾自己可知，独立生活带来的乐趣更多。故选A。【35题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：现在我能够照顾自己了。A.payattentionto关注；B.takecareof照顾；C.getusedto习惯；D.makefunof嘲笑。结合上文作者独立生活并克服困难可知，他现在能自己照顾自己了。故选B。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。PekingOperaisaformoftraditionalChinesetheaterthat____36____(appear)inBeijinginthelate18thcentury.____37____(combine)music,song,danceandacrobatics(杂技动作)inalivelyandcolorfuldisplay,itisa____38____(relative)newstyleofdrama,comparedtoothertypesofChinesetheater.IntheearlyyearsofPekingOpera,alltheactorsweremen,____39____therolesofwomenplayedbyyoungboys.Thestoriesfellintotwomaincategories-wen,orciviltheater,whichfocusedonlove,____40____(marry)andothercivilianconcerns,andwu,ormilitarytheater,whichfocusedonthethemeofwarandwasknownforfeaturingthrillingstageactions.Inthefirsthalfofthe____41____(twenty)century,themostfamousactorofPekingOperawasMeiLanfang,____42____playedakeyroleinpopularizingPekingOperaandintroducingChinese