湖南省湘潭市某学校2025-2026学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1湖南省湘潭市某学校2025-2026学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。ASydneyOperaHouseToursWeofferthreedifferenttoursofthisamazingbuilding.TheEssentialTourItbringstolifethestorybehindthedesignandconstructionofoneoftheworld’smostfamousplaces.Usingaudio-visualtechnology,yourguidewilltakeyouonamemorablejourneyinsidetheyoungestbuildingevertobeWorldHeritagelisted.Afterwards,whynotstayaroundandeatattheStudioCafe,withitsmodernAustralianmenu?NotonlycanyouenjoythebestviewsinSydney,butalsoyoucanclaima20%reductiononthetotalcostofyourmeal.Takesplace:Dailybetween9amand5pmPrices:Adults$35/Online$29;kids(under12)$20/Online$10Prior(预先的)bookingsarenotnecessary.TheBackstageTourItisauniqueopportunitytoexperiencethereal-lifeplaysbehindthestage!Youmightevengettostandontheconcerthallstage,takeupaconductor’sbaton(指挥棒)intheorchestrapitandimagineyouareleadingtheperformance.Youwillalsogettoseeinsidethestars’dressingrooms.ThetourincludesafreebreakfastintheGreenRoom,theprivatediningareaofperformerspastandpresent.Takesplace:Dailyat7amPrices:$155Bookingsarenecessary.Limitedto8peoplepertour.Onlinesalesexpireat4:30pmtwodaysprior.OperaHighTeaItconsistsofatourwhereyouwillwalkinthefootstepsofworld-classsingers,dancers,andmusicians,followedbyfinefoodandmusicinthegreatsurroundingsoftheBennelongDiningRoom.WhatcouldbebetterthanatreatofdeliciouslightsnacksandsoftdrinksfollowedbyaliveperformancebyaleadingAustraliansinger?Anunforgettabletreatforyoungandold!Takesplace:EverysecondWednesday,2pmDuration:1.5hoursPrices:$145perpersonBookonlineorvisittheGuidedToursDesk.1.Ifacoupleandtheirfive-year-oldtwinswanttotakeTheEssentialTourandbookonline,howmuchwilltheypayintotal?A.$78 B.$90 C.$98 D.$1402.WhatcanvisitorsdoduringTheBackstageTour?A.HaveafreelunchintheGreenRoom.B.Seeinsidetheaudience’swaitingrooms.C.Watchaliveperformancebyworld-classsingers.D.Standontheconcerthallstageandactasaconductor.3.Wherecanthispassagemostprobablybefound?A.Inastorybook. B.Inasciencereport.C.Inapersonaldiary. D.Inatravelmagazine.【答案】1.A2.D3.D【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了三种悉尼歌剧院之旅的情况。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据TheEssentialTour部分中“Prices:Adults$35/Online$29;kids(under12)$20/Online$10(价格：成人35美元/在线29美元；儿童（12岁以下）$20/在线$10)”可知，如果一对夫妇和他们5岁的双胞胎想参加TheEssentialTour并在网上预订，他们总共需要支付29+29+10+10=78美元。故选A。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据TheBackstageTour部分中“Youmightevengettostandontheconcerthallstage,takeupaconductor’sbaton(指挥棒)intheorchestrapitandimagineyouareleadingtheperformance.(你甚至可以站在音乐厅的舞台上，拿起指挥棒，想象自己在指挥演出)”可知，在TheBackstageTour期间，游客可以站在音乐厅的舞台上扮演指挥的角色。故选D。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据文章标题“SydneyOperaHouseTours(悉尼歌剧院之旅)”以及“Weofferthreedifferenttoursofthisamazingbuilding.(我们提供三种不同的参观方式)”结合文章主要介绍了三种悉尼歌剧院之旅的情况。可知，文章选自旅游杂志。故选D。BAfterquittingsocialmedialastwinter,Inowfeelastrongurgetocreateaperfectpostaboutmygreatvacation.Ifyoudon’tshareatrip,diditevenhappen?ThoughIfeltmorepresentoffline,Istillimaginethatidealcarousel(动态);ablurryselfiewithmyhusband,posedkids’photo,andoverheadshotoflocalfood.Iknowthatcravingthehighofpostingmaynotbecool,butIdesperatelymisssharingtravelphotos.Inthem,IamthepersonIwanttobe:carefreeandadventurous.Sharingmakesitso,somehow.However,oneperson’svacationphotosareanotherperson’sexistentialcrisis.Followingafriend’svoyagetwistedmymind—forgettingmyseasickness,homesickness,andemptywallet.Thisisn’tnew.Yearsago,stunningBaliblogstrickedmeintomyfirstoverseastrip—realitynevermatchedthoseglowingscreens.Later,ImetmyhusbandinBarcelona.Ididn’ttakeasinglephotothatnight,wantingtobeunbothered,butmostlybecauseIwashavingtoomuchfun.Mybrightestmoments?Oftenlens-free.Now,asaparent,Itrytobeinthemoment,butmyeyesdrifttootherparentstwistingthemselvesfortheperfectshot.IworryI’mmissingsomeparentalduty,soIpickupmyphoneandopenthecameraapp.OnourrecentvacationtoLondon,Idecidedtotakephotos,wrestlingwithportraitmodeandbeggingthechildrentosmile.Myeffortwasrewardedwith187photos.Eachnight,Ilookedthroughthemandmarveledatthebestofmysonanddaughter.Armedwiththeseimages,Itriedmakingaprivatealbumonmyphoneanduploadingtoafamilydigitalframe.Yetnothingfeltthesameassharingonthesocials.ThenitcametomeIcoulduseaphysicalphotoalbuminstead.Ilaidoutthebookonline,anditarrivedafewdaysago.ItissomethingIcanholdinmyhands,somethingtoholdonto.I’mputtingitonmycoffeetable,wheremyfriendsaresuretoseeit.4.Whydoestheauthorbadlywanttosharetravelphotosonsocialmedia?A.Topresentanidealizedself.B.Tobecometheenvyofotherpeople.C.Toestablishconnectionswithviewers.D.Torecordherinteractionswithfriends.5.WhatisimpliedinParagraph3?A.Photosrecordpreciousmoments.B.Technologyruinsrealexperiences.C.Genuinejoyinlifeexistsoffscreen.D.Travelbloggersalwayscheatviewers.6.WhatmadetheauthortakephotosofherchildreninLondon?A.Advancedequipmentandskills.B.Socialpressureandanxiety.C.Requestofthekids.D.Strongfamilyties.7.Whatdidtheauthorchoosetodoatlast?A.Preservememoriesinaphysicalphotoalbum.B.Invitefriendstoappreciatephotosonline.C.Chaseperfectimagesinavirtualworld.D.Displaytheprintedphotosinframes.【答案】4.A5.C6.B7.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者退出社交媒体后，对分享旅行照片的复杂情感以及最终找到替代社交媒体分享方式的经历。【4题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Inthem,IamthepersonIwanttobe:carefreeandadventurous.Sharingmakesitso,somehow.(在这些照片里，我是我想成为的人：无忧无虑、爱冒险。不知何故，是分享造就了这一切。)”可知，作者非常想在社交媒体上分享旅行照片是为了呈现一个理想化的自我。故选A。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Later,ImetmyhusbandinBarcelona.Ididn’ttakeasinglephotothatnight,wantingtobeunbothered,butmostlybecauseIwashavingtoomuchfun.Mybrightestmoments?Oftenlens-free.(后来，我在巴塞罗那遇到了我的丈夫。那天晚上，我一张照片都没拍，因为我不想被打扰，但更主要是因为我过得太开心了。我最美好的时刻？往往是没有镜头记录的时刻。)”可知，第三段暗示了生活中真正的快乐存在于屏幕之外。故选C。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“Now,asaparent,Itrytobeinthemoment,butmyeyesdrifttootherparentstwistingthemselvesfortheperfectshot.IworryI’mmissingsomeparentalduty,soIpickupmyphoneandopenthecameraapp.(现在，作为一名家长，我试着活在当下，但我的目光会转移到其他父母身上，他们扭动着身体，只为拍出完美的照片。我担心我错过了一些为人父母的责任，所以我拿起手机，打开了相机应用程序。)”可知，让作者在伦敦给她的孩子们拍照的是社会压力和焦虑。故选B。【7题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“ThenitcametomeIcoulduseaphysicalphotoalbuminstead.(然后我想到，我可以用一个实体相册来代替。)”可知，作者最后选择用实体相册保存记忆。故选A。CAdeclineinbirdpopulationsisresponsibleforthechangeinthenaturalsoundsofspring,accordingtoanewstudypublishedrecentlyinthejournalNatureCommunications.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofEastAngliausedannualbirdmonitoringsurveystoaccessdataonbirdpopulationsin200,000sites.TheythenusedthisdatatoidentifythetotalnumberofbirdsperspeciesineveryselectedsiteduringayearanddownloadedthecallsandsongsofeachofthebirdspeciesfromXeno-Canto,theworld’slargestdatabaseofbirdcalls.Bylayering(叠加)theappropriatenumberofsoundfilesforallspeciesateachlocation,thescientistswerethenabletorecreatewhatspringwouldhavesoundedlikeineachofthestudiedsitesoverthelast25years.Theresultsshowthatspringtimehasbecomenotonlyquieterbutalsomoremonotonous—thediversityandintensityofbirdsonghasdeclinedovertime.“Wecanthinkofbirdsasnature’sorchestra(管弦乐队),”saidSimonButler,leadauthorofthestudy.“Andwhatwe’refindingisthatwe’relosingkeyplayersandinstrumentsfromtheorchestra,sothemusicthatthey’regeneratingisbecomingpoorer.”Thereasonforthisshift,accordingtoButler,istherapiddeclineinbirdcommunities,bothinnumberandvariation.ThistrendisconsistentwithaclimatereportfromtheNationalAudubonSociety,whichwarnsthattwo-thirdsofNorthAmericanbirdspeciesareattheriskofextinctionduetorisingglobaltemperatures.“Weareonourwaytothe‘silentspring’justlikeRachelCarsonpredictedin1962.Ihopewecanstopthedeclineanddothebirdsandourselvesabigfavor,”saidButler.“Inourfailuretoconservesongbirdspecies,wearechangingourexperienceofthesurroundingworld,”saidAaronWeed,anecologistattheNationalParkService.“Thepreservationofnaturalsoundsisanimportantpartofprotectingnationalparks.Theuniquevalueisinnotjustthelandbutthewaterthat’sthereorthemammalsorotherspeciesthatarethereforus.”8.Whichofthefollowingisoneoftheresearchers’approaches?A.Takingadvantageofadatabase. B.Collectingsomebirdcallsonsite.C.Carryingoutsomeonlinesurveys. D.Identifyingthelivingplacesofbirdspecies.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“monotonous”inparagraph3mean?A.Dynamic. B.Boring. C.Special. D.Popular.10.WhatdoesAaronWeedtrytoillustrateinthelastparagraph?A.Jointeffortsareneededtomaintainbiodiversity.B.Nationalparksshouldfocusonprotectingtheland.C.Protectingnaturalsoundsiskeytopreservingecosystems.D.Providingqualityserviceisimportantforthenationalpark.11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.CouldBirdsongBeaSignofSpring?B.HowDoBirdsAdapttoaChangingClimate?C.NationalParks’EffortstoProtectEndangeredSongbirdsD.LossofSongbirdsIsShiftingPeople’sExperienceofNature【答案】8.A9.B10.C11.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了鸟类数量减少导致自然声音变化，进而影响人类对自然的体验。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“TheythenusedthisdatatoidentifythetotalnumberofbirdsperspeciesineveryselectedsiteduringayearanddownloadedthecallsandsongsofeachofthebirdspeciesfromXeno-Canto,theworld’slargestdatabaseofbirdcalls.(然后，他们利用这些数据来确定每个选定地点一年内每个物种的鸟类总数，并从世界上最大的鸟类叫声数据库Xeno-Canto下载了每个鸟类的叫声和歌曲)”可知，研究者利用了一个数据库来获取鸟类叫声和歌曲的数据。故选A。【9题详析】词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Theresultsshowthatspringtimehasbecomenotonlyquieterbutalsomoremonotonous—thediversityandintensityofbirdsonghasdeclinedovertime.(结果表明，春季不仅变得更安静，而且变得更加monotonous——鸟鸣的多样性和强度随着时间的推移而下降)”可知，春天鸟鸣的多样性和强度下降，说明鸟鸣更单调。因此，monotonous在此处的意思是“单调的，乏味的”。A.Dynamic动态的；B.Boring无聊的，单调的；C.Special特别的；D.Popular流行的。故选B。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段““Inourfailuretoconservesongbirdspecies,wearechangingourexperienceofthesurroundingworld,”saidAaronWeed,anecologistattheNationalParkService.“Thepreservationofnaturalsoundsisanimportantpartofprotectingnationalparks.Theuniquevalueisinnotjustthelandbutthewaterthat’sthereorthemammalsorotherspeciesthatarethereforus.”(美国国家公园管理局的生态学家AaronWeed说：“由于我们未能保护鸣禽物种，我们正在改变我们对周围世界的体验。保护自然声音是保护国家公园的重要组成部分。其独特价值不仅在于那里的土地，还在于那里的水、哺乳动物或其他为我们而存在的物种。”)”可知，AaronWeed试图说明保护自然声音对于保护生态系统至关重要。故选C。【11题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“Adeclineinbirdpopulationsisresponsibleforthechangeinthenaturalsoundsofspring,accordingtoanewstudypublishedrecentlyinthejournalNatureCommunications.(根据最近发表在《自然通讯》杂志上的一项新研究，鸟类数量的减少是导致春季自然声音变化的原因)”以及最后一段““Inourfailuretoconservesongbirdspecies,wearechangingourexperienceofthesurroundingworld,”saidAaronWeed,anecologistattheNationalParkService.“Thepreservationofnaturalsoundsisanimportantpartofprotectingnationalparks.Theuniquevalueisinnotjustthelandbutthewaterthat’sthereorthemammalsorotherspeciesthatarethereforus.”(美国国家公园管理局的生态学家AaronWeed说：“由于我们未能保护鸣禽物种，我们正在改变我们对周围世界的体验。保护自然声音是保护国家公园的重要组成部分。其独特价值不仅在于那里的土地，还在于那里的水、哺乳动物或其他为我们而存在的物种。”)”可知，本文主要讲述了鸟类数量的减少正在改变人们对自然的体验。因此，D选项“LossofSongbirdsIsShiftingPeople’sExperienceofNature(鸣禽的消失正在改变人们对自然的体验)”最符合文章主旨。故选D。DHiromuYakura,apostdoctoralresearcherattheMaxPlanckInstituteforHumanDevelopment,firstbecameawareofdifferencesinhisownvocabularyaboutayearafterChatGPTcameout.Researchershadpreviouslyfoundthatuseoflargelanguagemodels(LLMs),suchasthosethatpowerChatGPT,waschangingvocabularychoicesinwrittencommunication,andYakuraandhiscolleagueswantedtoknowwhetherspokencommunicationwasbeingaffected,too.ResearchersfirstusedChatGPTtoeditlargeamountsoftextlikeemailsandarticlesusinginstructionssuchas“polish”or“improveclarity.”TheyidentifiedwordsChatGPTaddedfrequently,like“delve,”labelingtheseGPTwords.Next,theteamanalyzedover360,000YouTubevideosand770,000podcast(播客)episodesfrombeforeandafterChatGPT’sreleasetotracktheuseofGPTwordsovertime.TheycomparedtheGPTwordswith“synthetic(合成)controls,”whichwereformedbymathematicallyweightingsynonyms(同义词)thatweren’tfrequentlyusedbythechatbot-suchsynonymsfor“delve,”forexample,couldinclude“examine”and“explore.”Theteam’sresultsshowasignificantriseinGPTwordsinthe18monthsafterChatGPT’srelease.Thewordsdidn’tjustappearinformal,scriptedvideosorpodcastepisodes;theywerepepperedintonaturalconversation,too.“ThepatternsstoredinAItechnologyseemtobesendingbacktothehumanmind,”notesco-authorLevinBrinkmann,describingaculturalfeedbackcycle:humanstrainAIontext,AIreturnsstatisticallyremixedversions,andthenpeopleunconsciouslyadoptitspatterns.“It’snaturalforhumanstoimitateoneanother,butwe’remorelikelytocopywhatsomeoneelseisdoingifweperceivethemasbeingknowledgeableorimportant,”Brinkmannsays.AsmorepeoplelooktoAIasaculturalauthority,theymayrelyonandimitateitoverothersources,resultinginalikenessoflanguagestylesandexpressions.TrackingLLMs’culturalimpactiscritical,accordingtotheUniversityofChicagoexpertJamesEvans.“Inthismomentintheevolution(进化)ofLLMs,lookingatworddistributionistherightmethodologytounderstandhowthetechnologyisaffectingthewaywecommunicate,”hesays,“Butasthemodelsmature,thesedistributionsaregoingtobehardertodistinguish.”Scientistsmayneedtolookatbroaderlinguistictrendsbeyondwordchoice,suchassentencestructureandhowideasarepresented.12.WhatmadeYakurabeginthenewresearch?A.DesiretoexplorepotentialsofLLMs.B.Changesinpersonalvocabularychoices.C.Previousresearchonwrittencommunication.D.DissatisfactionoverpoorperformanceofChatGPT.13.WhyweretheGPTwordstrackedintheresearch?A.Toshowhowdiversetheyare.B.Tomeasuretheirinfluenceonlanguage.C.Tocheckiftheyworkinvariouscontexts.D.Tocomparethemwithhumanwordchoices.14.Brinkmannmentionsthetrendoftheculturalfeedbackcycletoillustrate________.A.itprovidesadifferentapproachtolearningB.itresultsinmisjudgmentofculturalauthoritiesC.itisanaturalpartoftechnologicaldevelopmentD.itcarriesahiddenrisktotherichnessoflanguage15.Whatissuggestedinthelastparagraph?A.Anotableincreaseinsamplesize.B.Aprobableshiftinthefutureresearchfocus.C.Atimelyapplicationoftheresearchfindings.D.Athoroughevaluationofthecurrentresearch.【答案】12.B13.B14.D15.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究者针对ChatGPT等大型语言模型是否影响口头交流展开研究，以及研究过程、结果和相关专家看法。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“HiromuYakura,apostdoctoralresearcherattheMaxPlanckInstituteforHumanDevelopment,firstbecameawareofdifferencesinhisownvocabularyaboutayearafterChatGPTcameout.Researchershadpreviouslyfoundthatuseoflargelanguagemodels(LLMs),suchasthosethatpowerChatGPT,waschangingvocabularychoicesinwrittencommunication,andYakuraandhiscolleagueswantedtoknowwhetherspokencommunicationwasbeingaffected,too.(马克斯·普朗克人类发展研究所的博士后研究员弘木矢仓（HiromuYakura）在ChatGPT问世大约一年后，首次意识到自己的词汇使用的差异。研究人员此前发现，像为ChatGPT提供支持的那些大型语言模型（LLM）的使用，正在改变书面交流中的词汇选择，而矢仓和他的同事们想知道口头交流是否也受到了影响)”可知，矢仓开始这项新研究是因为他发现自己的词汇选择发生了变化，且受此前书面交流相关研究启发，想探究口头交流是否受影响，核心触发点是个人词汇选择的变化。故选B项。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Next,theteamanalyzedover360,000YouTubevideosand770,000podcast(播客)episodesfrombeforeandafterChatGPT’sreleasetotracktheuseofGPTwordsovertime.TheycomparedtheGPTwordswith“synthetic(合成)controls,”whichwereformedbymathematicallyweightingsynonyms(同义词)thatweren’tfrequentlyusedbythechatbot—suchsynonymsfor“delve,”forexample,couldinclude“examine”and“explore.”(接下来，该团队分析了ChatGPT发布前后的超过36万个YouTube视频和77万个播客剧集，以追踪GPT词汇随时间的使用情况。他们将GPT词汇与“合成对照词汇”进行比较，后者是通过对聊天机器人不常使用的同义词进行数学加权形成的——例如，“delve”的同义词可能包括“examine”和“explore”)”以及第三段中对追踪结果的分析可知，研究中追踪GPT词汇是为了了解其在不同时间段、不同场景中的使用变化，进而衡量大型语言模型对人类语言（包括口头交流）的影响。故选B项。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“ThepatternsstoredinAItechnologyseemtobesendingbacktothehumanmind,”notesco-authorLevinBrinkmann,describingaculturalfeedbackcycle:humanstrainAIontext,AIreturnsstatisticallyremixedversions,andthenpeopleunconsciouslyadoptitspatterns.“It’snaturalforhumanstoimitateoneanother,butwe’remorelikelytocopywhatsomeoneelseisdoingifweperceivethemasbeingknowledgeableorimportant,”Brinkmannsays.AsmorepeoplelooktoAIasaculturalauthority,theymayrelyonandimitateitoverothersources,resultinginalikenessoflanguagestylesandexpressions.(合著者莱文·布林克曼（LevinBrinkmann）指出：“人工智能技术中存储的模式似乎正在反馈给人类思维。”他描述了一个文化反馈循环：人类用文本训练人工智能，人工智能返回经过统计重组的版本，然后人们无意识地采用这些模式。布林克曼说：“人类相互模仿是很自然的，但如果我们认为某人知识渊博或地位重要，就更有可能模仿他们的行为。”随着越来越多的人将人工智能视为文化权威，他们可能会更多地依赖和模仿人工智能，而非其他来源，从而导致语言风格和表达方式的趋同)”可推知，布林克曼提到文化反馈循环的趋势，是为了说明人们因将AI视为权威而模仿其语言模式，导致语言风格趋同，这对语言的丰富性存在潜在风险。故选D项。【15题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Inthismomentintheevolution(进化)ofLLMs,lookingatworddistributionistherightmethodologytounderstandhowthetechnologyisaffectingthewaywecommunicate,”hesays,“Butasthemodelsmature,thesedistributionsaregoingtobehardertodistinguish.”Scientistsmayneedtolookatbroaderlinguistictrendsbeyondwordchoice,suchassentencestructureandhowideasarepresented.(他说：“在大型语言模型发展的这个阶段，观察词汇分布是了解该技术如何影响我们交流方式的正确方法。但随着模型的成熟，这些分布将更难区分。”科学家可能需要关注词汇选择之外更广泛的语言趋势，例如句子结构和思想的呈现方式)”可知，最后一段暗示，随着大型语言模型的成熟，未来的研究重点可能会从当前的词汇分布转向更广泛的语言趋势，即研究重点可能会发生转变。故选B项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。I’vebeenpractisingtheartofdetachment(超脱)foratleastayearnow.Theaimistobeactivelyinvolvedinlifebutlessattached.Lifeisaseriesofexperiences:acombinationofstateswegothrough.Wherepeoplefailisthattheygetattachedtoastateoftransitionanddefinetheirlivesbyit.Theygetattachedtohowthingsshouldbe.Iflifedoesn’tmatchtheirexpectations,theygetfrustratedangry,depressedandevenlost.____16____Detachmentdoesn’tmeanwithdrawingfromlife.It’sshowingupwithyourwholeselfwithoutneedingtocontroltheoutcome.Psychologiststalkabout“secureattachment”versus“anxiousattachment.”Thefirstoneallowsyoutoconnectwhilemaintainingindependence.____17____Anxiousattachmentcreatessufferingbecauseittiesyourhappinesstosomethingexternal.Detachmentfreesyoutofindpeacewithin.Holdingontopeople,outcomes,ideas,mentalstates,beliefs,oranemotionalstatefeelssafe.____18____Becausewhenyouholdontopeopleorthings,youattachyourmood,expectationsandfearstothem.Buteverythingisintransition.Adaptwhenthingschange.____19____It’satrickybalance.Butitworksinyourfavour.That’sanothertruthI’velearned.Lifehappensforitsownreasons,notalwaysforyours.Peopleleave.Plansfallapart.Paincomes.Noneoftheseoccurrencesarecenteredonyou.Lifedoesn’thappentopunishorrewardyou.Itjusthappens.Whatyoudowithitiswhatmatters.____20____Themoreyouletgo,themoreyoucanactuallyenjoylife.Lifeisn’thappeningtoyou.It’shappeningthroughyou.Letit.A.Thisindependenceiswhatpreventsunnecessarysuffering.B.That’sthepainofattachment.C.Takelifeseriously,butdon’ttakeitpersonally.D.Butitcanalsobeyourundoingoryoursuffering.E.Engagefullyinthemoment,butlearntodetachfromtheoutcome.F.Itmeansmaintainingastrongsenseofselfeveninrelationships.G.Holdingontonothingishowyoutransitionthroughtherealitiesunfolding.【答案】16.B17.A18.D19.C20.G【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了超脱的艺术，强调在生活中积极投入但不执着于结果的重要性，分析了执着带来的痛苦和超脱带来的内心平静。【16题详析】上文“Wherepeoplefailisthattheygetattachedtoastateoftransitionanddefinetheirlivesbyit.Theygetattachedtohowthingsshouldbe.Iflifedoesn’tmatchtheirexpectations,theygetfrustratedangry,depressedandevenlost.

(世人常陷于这样的困境：将过渡状态误作永恒，以此定义整个人生。他们执着于“事物应当如何”的预设蓝图，当现实与预期产生偏差，便生出挫败、愤怒、抑郁，乃至在迷途中徘徊不前)”指出人们对于人生的错误认知导致当生活不符合期望时便会产生负面情绪，B选项“That’sthepainofattachment.(这便是执念之痛)”是对上述不幸的总结，指出这些负面情绪是执着带来的痛苦，句中“attachment”与上文“getattachedtohowthingsshouldbe”相照应，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。【17题详析】上文“Psychologiststalkabout“secureattachment”versus“anxiousattachment.”Thefirstoneallowsyoutoconnectwhilemaintainingindependence.(心理学家将依恋模式分为“安全型”与“焦虑型”。前者让你在建立联结时仍能保持独立人格)”提到安全型依恋模式能让你在建立联结时仍能保持独立人格，A选项“Thisindependenceiswhatpreventsunnecessarysuffering.(这种独立可以防止不必要的痛苦)”承接上文，进一步解释这种独立的作用，即防止不必要的痛苦，同时与下文“Anxiousattachmentcreatessufferingbecauseittiesyourhappinesstosomethingexternal.(焦虑型依恋之所以带来痛苦，是因它将你的幸福系于外物)”形成对比。故选A项。【18题详析】上文“Holdingontopeople,outcomes,ideas,mentalstates,beliefs,oranemotionalstatefeelssafe.(紧握人事、执念结果、固守观念、沉溺心境、恪守信仰或缠绵情绪，总能予人虚幻的安全感)”提到执着于某些人或事物会让人感到安全，D选项“Butitcanalsobeyourundoingoryoursuffering.(但这执念亦可能成为你的劫难，或是苦痛的根源)”与上文构成转折关系，提出执着也可能带来毁灭或痛苦，下文“Becausewhenyouholdontopeopleorthings,youattachyourmood,expectationsandfearstothem.(因为当你紧握人或物时，便是将心境、期待与恐惧都系于其上)”解释了执着带来痛苦的原因，上下文语意连贯。故选D项。【19题详析】下文“It’satrickybalance.Butitworksinyourfavour.That’sanothertruthI’velearned.Lifehappensforitsownreasons,notalwaysforyours.Peopleleave.Plansfallapart.Paincomes.Noneoftheseoccurrencesarecenteredonyou.Lifedoesn’thappentopunishorrewardyou.Itjusthappens.(这需要微妙的平衡，但最终对你有益——这是我领悟的另一个道理。生活自有其轨迹，不总是按你的意愿展开。有人会离开，计划会落空，痛苦会来临。这些变化都不是针对你个人。生活不是为了惩罚或奖赏你而存在，它只是自然发生)”提到要找到一个微妙的平衡，同时，根据指代关系可推知，设空句会出现“it”所指代的对象。C选项“Takelifeseriously,butdon’ttakeitpersonally.(认真对待生活，但别把什么事都往心里去)”提出了一种平衡的方式，即认真对待生活，但不要执着于结果，与下文内容一致，同时也与“it”构成指代关系。故选C项。【20题详析】上文“Lifedoesn’thappentopunishorrewardyou.Itjusthappens.Whatyoudowithitiswhatmatters.(生活本身不是为了惩罚或奖赏你，它只是自然发生。而你如何应对，才是关键所在)”强调如何应对生活才是关键所在，G选项“Holdingontonothingishowyoutransitionthroughtherealitiesunfolding.(不执着于任何事物，才能从容面对不断变化的现实)”承接上文，直接给出应对生活的正确方法，即不执着于任何事物，下文“Themoreyouletgo,themoreyoucanactuallyenjoylife.(你越放手，你就越能真正享受生活)”进一步解释了“不执着”，即放手的好处，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Istartedgraduateschool,excitedtobecomethescientistIhadwantedtobe.However,alongtheway,GraduateStudentGuiltkeptmefrom____21____thechallengesIwasfacing.Iviewedmyresearchprojectasminealone,____22____thatitsproblemsweremyproblems.Anytimeanexperimentfailed,Ifelt____23____.FouryearsintomyPh.D.,I____24____mybreakingpoint.Iwantedtoquit,butmyadviser____25____metoturntoadoctor.MydoctorsuggestedIgetoutofmy____26____.Atthatmoment,Isuddenly____27____theonlywaywastochangeactions.ItoldmydoctorI____28____rockclimbing,whichhadeverythingIcouldwantasa(n)____29____graduatestudent-physicalactivity,problemsolving,andasenseofprogression.WhenIdidrockclimbing,Ifeltcalm.Itwasclearthattheconstant,negativeinnervoicewas____30____.Holdingontotheclimbingwallbymyfingersandtoes,usingeverymuscletostaysafe,Iwasmerely____31____whatIwasdoinginthatmomentratherthanyearsofstress,failure,ordepression.Ihadperiodswhenitfeltthatnoamountofenjoymentwouldhelp.ButIlearnedtherearestepsIcouldtaketomakethatfeeling____32____—exercising,readingforenjoymentorsocializing.Ishouldallowmyselftobeaperson,ratherthanarobotthatproduces____33____.Now,having____34____defendedmyPh.D.,Iunderstandthatresearchneedsfailure.Butfailuredoesn’t____35____me.It’sthecouragetokeepclimbing-bothonrocksandinlife-thattrulymatters.21.A.addressing B.avoiding C.presenting D.questioning22.A.denying B.pretending C.believing D.hoping23.A.frightened B.unfair C.impatient D.guilty24.A.hit B.missed C.passed D.predicted25.A.permitted B.persuaded C.promised D.appointed26.A.life B.way C.business D.head27.A.explained B.proved C.realized D.recalled28.A.recommended B.enjoyed C.quit D.doubted29.A.anxious B.independent C.productive D.selfish30.A.analyzed B.confirmed C.chosen D.silenced31.A.worryingabout B.focusingon C.dreamingof D.settingaside32.A.spread B.follow C.disappear D.last33.A.science B.response C.profit D.conflict34.A.secretly B.eagerly C.successfully D.effortlessly35.A.suit B.define C.recognize D.power【答案】21.A22.C23.D24.A25.B26.D27.C28.B29.A30.D31.B32.C33.A34.C35.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己在攻读博士学位过程中，因“研究生愧疚感”而面临诸多挑战，后通过攀岩等方式调整心态，最终成功完成学业并明白失败并不定义自己，重要的是保持攀登的勇气。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，在求学过程中，“研究生愧疚感”却让我无法正视自己面临的挑战。A.addressing处理、解决；B.avoiding避免；C.presenting呈现；D.questioning质疑。根据上文“GraduateStudentGuilt”和下文“Iviewedmyresearchprojectasminealone”可知，愧疚感让作者无法去处理面临的挑战。故选A。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我把研究项目完全当成自己一个人的事，认为项目中遇到的问题也理应由我独自承担。A.denying否认；B.pretending假装；C.believing相信，认为；D.hoping希望。根据下文“Anytimeanexperimentfailed,Ifelt________.”可知，作者认为实验失败是自己的问题，因此感到内疚。故选C。【23题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每次实验失败，我都会感到深深的愧疚。A.frightened害怕的；B.unfair不公平的；C.impatient不耐烦的；D.guilty内疚的。根据上文“GraduateStudentGuiltkeptmefrom________thechallengesIwasfacing”可知，作者有“研究生内疚感”，因此每当实验失败时，都会感到内疚。故选D。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：攻读博士学位的第四年，我达到了崩溃边缘。A.hit达到；B.missed错过；C.passed通过；D.predicted预测。根据下文“Iwantedtoquit”可知，作者达到了崩溃的临界点，想要放弃。hitthebreakingpoint是固定搭配，意为“达到临界点”。故选A。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想放弃，但导师说服我去看医生。A.permitted允许；B.persuaded说服；C.promised承诺；D.appointed任命。根据下文“MydoctorsuggestedIgetoutofmy________”可知，作者的导师说服作者去看医生。故选B。【26题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：医生建议我跳出当前的思维模式。A.life生活；B.way方法；C.business生意；D.head头脑。根据上文“GraduateStudentGuiltkeptmefrom________thechallengesIwasfacing”和“Anytimeanexperimentfailed,Ifelt________.”可知，作者因愧疚感和压力陷入负面情绪，因此医生建议作者跳出当前的思维模式。故选D。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那一刻，我突然意识到，唯一的出路就是改变行动方式。A.explained解释；B.proved证明；C.realized