青海省多校2025-2026学年高二上学期11月月考英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1青海省多校2025-2026学年高二上学期11月月考英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AGettingstudentsinterestedandactivehelpsthemdotheirbestinclass.It’simportanttousedifferentfunactivitiestokeepeveryonelearning.PlayingGuessWhoLearningwhoiswhofromhistorycangetconfusingsousethisteachingstrategytohelp.Putthoseproblem-solvingskillstogooduseinhistoryclass(orothers).Describeatime,place,orpersonfromhistorywithonlythreeclues.Theentireclasshastotrytofigureoutwhoorwhatyouarereferringto,thenracetothewhiteboardtowritetheanswer.WritingaJournalDevelopcreativewritingskillsbyaskingeachstudenttowriteajournalfromsomeoneelse’sviewpoint.Therearemanyfamousdiaristswhoprovidekeyinsightintolifethroughhistory.Youcouldaskstudentstogiveadifferentdiaryandthenaskthemtoreaditinfrontoftheclass.BrainstormingGroupbrainstormingsessionsareagreatwaytobringyourstudentstogethertoconnectwithwhatevertheyarelearning.Insteadofthinkingaboutthetopicaloneattheirdesk,theygettoexpand(详述)theirideaswithotherstudentsinsmallgroups.Usebrainstormingworksheetsforthisactivityidea.DebatingMoststudentswillhaveaviewofwhatthey’relearning.Usethistoyouradvantageandcreateaschoolactivityofdebatingtheprosorconsofwhatevertheyarelearningabout.Getthemtowritedowntheirmainpointsonpiecesofpaperaheadsotheycanpracticeandbepreparedforthedebate.Thiscanbedoneinfrontofthewholeclassandyoucanchangethedebaterseachweek.1.HowdostudentsplayGuessWho?A.Theydebateabouthistoricalfiguresingroups.B.Theybrainstormhistoricaltimelinesinsmallgroups.C.Theywriteajournalentrybasedonahistoricalfigure.D.Theyidentifyhistoricalpeopleoreventswithknowninformation.2.Inwhichactivitywilltheteacheraskstudentstoreadtheirworks?A.PlayingGuessWho. B.WritingaJournal. C.Brainstorming. D.Debating.3.Whatdostudentsdoduringgroupbrainstormingsessions?A.Theydebatetheprosandconsoftopics. B.Theyloudlytellothershistoricaldiaries.C.Theyexplaintheirideastootherstudents. D.Theycompleteprojectsaloneattheirdesks.【答案】1.D2.B3.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了通过一些有趣的活动（如玩猜猜是谁游戏、写日记、头脑风暴和辩论）来激发学生学习兴趣并使他们积极参与课堂的方法。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据PlayingGuessWho部分中“Describeatime,place,orpersonfromhistorywithonlythreeclues.Theentireclasshastotrytofigureoutwhoorwhatyouarereferringto,thenracetothewhiteboardtowritetheanswer.(只用三个线索描述历史上的一个时间、地点或人物。全班同学都要试着弄清楚你指的是谁或什么，然后跑到白板上写下答案)”可知，学生们通过已知信息识别历史人物或事件来玩“猜猜是谁”这个游戏。故选D。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据WritingaJournal部分中“Youcouldaskstudentstogiveadifferentdiaryandthenaskthemtoreaditinfrontoftheclass.(你可以让学生写一篇不同的日记，然后让他们在全班同学面前朗读)”可知，在“写日记”这个活动中，老师会要求学生朗读他们的作品。故选B。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据Brainstorming部分中“Insteadofthinkingaboutthetopicaloneattheirdesk,theygettoexpand(详述)theirideaswithotherstudentsinsmallgroups.(他们不再独自坐在书桌前思考这个话题，而是可以在小组中与其他学生一起扩展他们的想法)”可知，在小组头脑风暴环节中，学生们会与其他学生一起详述他们的想法，即向其他学生解释他们的想法。故选C。B28-year-oldRenmakeshandcraftedwoodenplaques(匾牌)andsellsthemtocustomersintheUnitedStates,Singapore,andothercountries.Surroundedbypilesofwoodwaitingtobereused,Renturnsroughpineandbeechintocustomwoodensignsforrestaurants,uniquehomestays,andcampgrounds.Aftergraduatingin2017andsteppingintothehighlycompetitiveonlineclothingindustry,Renrealizedheneededtofindaspecializedmarket.Hissolution:customwoodenplaques.Hefoundedacompanyin2022.“Eachpieceistailor-made.It’snearlyimpossibletofindthesameproductonthemarket,”Renexplained.“Thepriceperorderattractsqualitycustomerswhoplacelargeorders.”Lastyear,hiscraftearnedhimover$688,000—asuccessheowedtohismuchattentiontodetailandcommitmenttoperfection.“Weworkwithover10differenttypesofwood.Everystep,fromdesignandcuttingtocarving,coloringandpainting,iscrucial,”hesaid.InternationalordersbeganwithamidnightmessagefromanAmericanclienttwoyearsago.Afterproducingfivedesignvariants,Renwaitedbyhisscreenforhourswithoutreceivinganyfeedback.“Ilaterrealizeditwassimplythetimedifference,”herecalled.AnothermemorableprojectwasforanAmericanrestaurantownerwhoinitiallyrequestedfourwindow-likeplaques,eachabout1.2metersindiameter.Afterpresentingseveraldesigndraftsthatshowcasedtraditionaltechniquesandcraftsmanship,theimpressedclientincreasedtheordertosixpieces.“TheownerwentontoreferseveralotherAmericancustomerstome,”saidRen.Hebelievesthatinthecustombusiness,long-termrelationshipsarekey—eachsatisfiedcustomerbecomesabrandambassador.Ren’ssmallbutdedicated(专心致志的)teamofeightcontinuestobreathelifeintowood,withhisplaquesnowdecoratingnumerousbusinessesabroad.4.WhydidRenchoosetoenterthecustomwoodenplaquebusiness?A.Toavoidthecompetitioninthepreviousfield. B.Tospreadwoodenplaquesabroad.C.Toteachtraditionalwoodworking. D.Toenjoydifferenttypesofwood.5.WhatisthekeytoRen’ssuccessinhisbusiness?A.Theuniquedesignsoftwareheuses. B.Hisabilitytospeakmultiplelanguages.C.Hisfocusondetailandpursuitofperfection. D.Thelargenumberofemployeesinhiscompany.6.Whydidtherestaurantownerraisetheordertosixplaques?A.Heenjoyedthedesignfortheplaques. B.HewasimpressedbyRen’ssincerity.C.Hewaspersuadedbyotherclients. D.HegotadiscountfromRen.7.WhatdoesRenthinkisthemostimportantinthecustombusiness?A.Offeringthelowestpricetocustomers. B.Producingproductsasquicklyaspossible.C.Usingthemostexpensivewoodmaterials. D.Buildinglastingrelationshipswithcustomers.【答案】4.A5.C6.A7.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了28岁的Ren制作手工木匾并销往海外，因注重细节追求完美取得成功的故事。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Aftergraduatingin2017andsteppingintothehighlycompetitiveonlineclothingindustry,Renrealizedheneededtofindaspecializedmarket.(2017年毕业后，Ren进入了竞争激烈的在线服装行业，他意识到自己需要找到一个专业化的市场)”可知，Ren选择进入定制木匾行业是为了避开之前领域的竞争。故选A。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Lastyear,hiscraftearnedhimover$688,000—asuccessheowedtohismuchattentiontodetailandcommitmenttoperfection.(去年，他的手工艺为他赚了超过68.8万美元——他将这一成功归功于他对细节的关注和对完美的追求)”可知，Ren在生意上成功的关键是他对细节的关注和对完美的追求。故选C。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段中“Afterpresentingseveraldesigndraftsthatshowcasedtraditionaltechniquesandcraftsmanship,theimpressedclientincreasedtheordertosixpieces.(在展示了几份展示传统技术和工艺的设计草图后，这位印象深刻的客户将订单增加到了六件)”可知，餐厅老板将订单增加到六块木匾是因为他喜欢这些木匾的设计。故选A。【7题详析】细节理解题。根据第六段中“Hebelievesthatinthecustombusiness,long-termrelationshipsarekey—eachsatisfiedcustomerbecomesabrandambassador.(他认为，在定制业务中，长期关系是关键——每个满意的客户都会成为品牌大使)”可知，Ren认为在定制业务中，最重要的是与客户建立持久的关系。故选D。CResearchershavesomenewevidenceaboutwhatmakesbirdsmakesomuchnoiseearlyinthemorning,andit’snotforsomeofthereasonstheypreviouslythought.Fordecades,apopulartheoryaboutwhybirdssingatdawn—calledthedawnchorus(合唱)—hasbeenthattheycanbeheardfartherandmoreclearlyatthattime.Soundtravelsfasterinhumid(温暖潮湿的)airandit’smorehumidearlyinthemorning.It’slesswindy,too,whichisthoughttolessenanydistortion(失真)oftheirsounds.ButscientistsinIndiastudiedaudio(声音的)recordingsofbirdsintherainforest.Theysaidtheydidn’tfindprooftosupportthisideaaboutsoundtravelingbetter.Itwasoneoftheideasaboutenvironmentalfactors.Anotherideaisthatbirdssingatdawnbecauseit’stoodarktolookforfood.“Wedidn’tfindmuchsupportforsomeoftheseenvironmentalreasonssuggestedinpaststudiesforbirdssingingmoreatdawn,”saidVijayRamesh,aresearcheratCornellUniversity.Theresearchersdidn’tfindoneclearreasonwhythedawnchorushappens,buttheyfoundsomesupportfortheideasthattheearlymorningnoiseisaboutbirdsmarkingtheirterritoryafterbeinginactiveatnightandtalkingaboutfindingfood.Theteamanalyzedrecordingsfromaudiorecordersplacedat43locationsintheWesternGhatsmountainrangeinsouthernIndia,whichisknownasabiodiversityhotspot.Theyexaminedsoundsofwhattheydeterminedwere69differentspeciesofbirds.Theystudiedrecordingsfromthehoursarounddawnandthehoursarounddusktocompareactivities.Unsurprisinglytoanyonewho’sbeenrousedbybirdcalls,thevastmajorityofspeciestheystudiedhadsignificantlyhighervocalactivitiesatdawncomparedtodusk.8.WhydidIndianscientistsconductresearchonbirdsintherainforest?A.Torecordthesoundsofrarebirdspecies. B.Toprovesoundtravelsfasterinhumidair.C.Toexplorethereasonsforbirds’dawnchorus. D.Tofindoutthebesttimeforthedawnchorus.9.Whatcanbeinferredfromthefindingsofthestudy?A.Birds’dawnsingingmayservesocialfunctions. B.Theoldtheoryaboutdawnchorusistrue.C.Birdsarelessactiveatduskduetolight. D.Allbirdssingtomarkterritoryatdawn.10.Whatwastheresearchers’approachinthestudy?A.Theyobservedbirds’feedinghabitsinthemorning.B.Theyconductedexperimentsinalaboratorysetting.C.Theytrackedbirds’movementsindifferentcountries.D.Theyanalyzedaudiorecordingsfromtensoflocations.11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“roused”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Reminded. B.Wakenup. C.Threatened. D.Stirredup.【答案】8.C9.A10.D11.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了科学家通过研究印度雨林中的鸟类音频，探索鸟类清晨鸣叫（黎明合唱）原因的新发现。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Researchershavesomenewevidenceaboutwhatmakesbirdsmakesomuchnoiseearlyinthemorning,andit’snotforsomeofthereasonstheypreviouslythought.(研究人员掌握了一些关于鸟类清晨为何如此吵闹的新证据，而且原因并非他们之前所想的那样。)”以及第二段中“ButscientistsinIndiastudiedaudiorecordingsofbirdsintherainforest.Theysaidtheydidn’tfindprooftosupportthisideaaboutsoundtravelingbetter.(但是印度的科学家研究了雨林中鸟类的音频记录。他们表示没有找到证据支持声音传播效果更好的这种观点。)”可知，印度科学家研究雨林中的鸟类是为了探索鸟类黎明合唱的原因。故选C。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Theresearchersdidn’tfindoneclearreasonwhythedawnchorushappens,buttheyfoundsomesupportfortheideasthattheearlymorningnoiseisaboutbirdsmarkingtheirterritoryafterbeinginactiveatnightandtalkingaboutfindingfood.(研究人员没有找到黎明合唱发生的明确原因，但他们发现了一些支持这种观点的证据，即清晨的噪音是鸟类在夜间不活跃后标记领地和讨论寻找食物。)”可知，鸟类的黎明鸣叫可能具有社会功能，如标记领地和讨论寻找食物等。故选A。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段中“Theteamanalyzedrecordingsfromaudiorecordersplacedat43locationsintheWesternGhatsmountainrangeinsouthernIndia,whichisknownasabiodiversityhotspot.(研究小组分析了放置在印度南部西高止山脉43个地点的录音机录制的音频，该地区是著名的生物多样性热点地区。)”可知，研究人员通过分析来自数十个地点的音频记录来进行研究。故选D。【11题详析】词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“Unsurprisinglytoanyonewho’sbeenrousedbybirdcalls,thevastmajorityofspeciestheystudiedhadsignificantlyhighervocalactivitiesatdawncomparedtodusk.(对于任何被鸟叫声roused的人来说，毫不奇怪的是，他们研究的大多数物种在黎明时的发声活动明显高于黄昏。)”可知，这里说的是被鸟叫声吵醒的情况，结合选项可知，“roused”意为“吵醒，唤醒”，与“Wakenup”意思相近。故选B。DMicroplastics(tiny,microscopicbitsofplastic)havebeenfoundalmosteverywhereresearcherslook,includingthehumanbody.Microplasticsandtheireventiniercousins,nanoplastics,areprobablyflowingthroughyourbloodandbuildingupinyourorgans(器官)likethelungsandliver.Now,anewstudyislinkingmicroplasticstoincreasedheartattackandstrokerisk.“Therearesomemicroplasticsinnormal,healthyarteries(动脉),”saidDrRossClark,aresearcherwholedthestudy.“Buttheamountthereisreally,reallydifferentwhentheybecomediseasedwithsymptoms.”Clarkandhisteammeasuredmicroplasticsandnanoplasticsinthedangerous,fattyplaquethatcanbuildupinarteries,blockbloodflow,andcausestrokesorheartattacks.Comparedtothewallsofhealthyplaque-freearteries,plaquebuilduphad16timesmoremicroplastics—justinthepeoplewhodidn’thavesymptoms.Inpeoplewhohadexperiencedstroke,mini-stroke,orvisionloss,theplaquehad51timesmoremicroplastics.Previousresearchhadfoundthatpeoplewithmicroplasticsintheirarterialplaqueweremorelikelytohaveaheartattackordie.Toinvestigatewhy,Clarkstudiedsamples(样本)from48people’scarotidarteries,thepairofsuperhighwaysinyourneckthatchannelbloodtoyourbrain.Thedifferenceinthenumberofmicroplasticssurprisedhim,buthisteamfoundanotherconcerningtrend,too.Cellsintheplaquewithlotsofmicroplasticsshoweddifferentgeneactivityfromthosewithlowmicroplastics.Inthehigh-plasticenvironment,onegroupofimmunecellshadswitchedoffagenethat’sassociatedwithturningoffinflammation(炎症).Clark’steamalsofoundgeneticdifferencesinagroupofstemcellsthoughttohelppreventheartattacksandstrokesbyreducinginflammationandstabilizingplaque.“Coulditbethatmicroplasticsaresomehowchangingtheirgeneexpression?”Clarksaid.“There’smoreresearchneededtofullyestablishthat,butatleastitgivesusahintastowheretolook.”12.Howmightpeoplefeelaboutmicroplasticslinkedtodisease?A.Indifferent. B.Concerned. C.Optimistic. D.Confused.13.WhatdoesClark’scomparisonofmicroplasticlevelsshow?A.Microplasticsinhealthyarteriesarefatal. B.Healthyarteriescontainnomicroplastics.C.Microplasticlevelsarerelatedtoarterialhealth. D.Nanoplasticsaren’tpresentindiseasedarteries.14.Whatdoesthestudysuggestaboutmicroplastics’potentialeffect?A.Theyreducetheriskofstrokes. B.Theyarebeneficialtoturningoffinflammation.C.Theydirectlyblockbloodflowtothebrain. D.Theymayaffectgeneexpressioninimmunecells.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheDangersofUsingPlastics B.MicroplasticsandHealthRiskC.MedicalResearchonHumanOrgans D.MicroplasticsFoundinHumanbodies【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了微塑料与人类健康风险之间的联系，特别是其对心脏疾病和基因表达的影响。【12题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Now,anewstudyislinkingmicroplasticstoincreasedheartattackandstrokerisk.(现在，一项新的研究将微塑料与增加的心脏病发作和中风风险联系起来)”以及全文对微塑料在病变动脉中大量存在及其潜在危害的描述可知，人们得知微塑料与疾病相关后，最可能的反应是感到担忧。故选B。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Comparedtothewallsofhealthyplaque-freearteries,plaquebuilduphad16timesmoremicroplastics—justinthepeoplewhodidn’thavesymptoms.Inpeoplewhohadexperiencedstroke,mini-stroke,orvisionloss,theplaquehad51timesmoremicroplastics.(与没有斑块的健康动脉壁相比，仅在没有症状的人中，斑块堆积的微塑料就多出16倍。在经历过中风、小中风或视力丧失的人中，斑块中的微塑料多出51倍)”可知，Clark对微塑料水平的比较表明微塑料水平与动脉健康有关。故选C。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段中“Inthehigh-plasticenvironment,onegroupofimmunecellshadswitchedoffagenethat’sassociatedwithturningoffinflammation(炎症).(在高塑料环境中，一组免疫细胞关闭了一个与关闭炎症相关的基因)”以及最后一段中“Coulditbethatmicroplasticsaresomehowchangingtheirgeneexpression?(微塑料会不会以某种方式改变了它们的基因表达？)”可知，研究表明微塑料可能影响免疫细胞中的基因表达。故选D。【15题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Now,anewstudyislinkingmicroplasticstoincreasedheartattackandstrokerisk.(现在，一项新的研究将微塑料与增加的心脏病发作和中风风险联系起来)”以及后文对研究内容的详细阐述可知，本文主要讨论了微塑料与健康风险之间的联系，特别是其对心脏疾病的影响。因此，B选项“MicroplasticsandHealthRisk(微塑料与健康风险)”最符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Perfectionismisoftencharacterizedbythepersistentpursuitofexcellenceandthesettingofexceptionallyhighstandards.Itisapositivequality,especiallyformanyprofessions,sayapilotorabrainsurgeon.____16____.Manymedicalandmentalhealthchallengesarerootedinperfectionism.Herearetipstoeaseuponyourself.Seeyourselfbeyondyourachievements____17____.However,it’snaturaltofeelbadordisappointedwhenfallingshortofyourgoals.Ourvalueisnotdefinedonlybyourexcellentperformance.Weareourrelationships,ourinterestsandourenjoymentoflife.Makeself-compassion(自我同情)easierSelf-compassionisoftendescribedastalkingtoyourselflikeagoodfriend.Self-compassioncanbeonewordoraphrase:“Easy”,“Gentle”,“You’reOK”.Self-compassioncanbeactions:threedeepbreaths,askingforhelportakingabreak.Itcanalsobepermissionnottodoallthethingsyouexpectofyourself.____18____.Tonedown(使······柔和)yourinnercriticThoseofuswhoaimhightakeourcommitmentsandourresponsibilitiesseriously.Thesameattitudecanextendtoourownthoughts.Whenwethink“I’mnotgoodenough”,or“I’mfallingshort”,wetreatthemasfact.Butactually,they’rejustthoughts.____19____.Butthatdoesn’tmeanwehavetotakeeverythoughtseriouslyandliterally.____20____Self-improvementfeelsgood,butresisttheurgetoturnyourleisuretimeintoanotherproject.Youdon’thavetobuildaskill,learnsomethingnew,ordosomethinggoodforyouallthetime.Improvementandpersonaldevelopmentareimportant,butsoarepleasureandenjoyment.A.DaretobeunproductiveB.AllowyourselftoreflectC.Somepeoplenaturallytendtobeself-criticalD.Youdon’thavetoloweryourstandardsorbelessdrivenE.Itcantipoverintounhealthybehaviorifleftunchecked,thoughF.ThiscouldmeanskippingthegymforsleepwhenyouarewornoutG.We’reproudofgoodgrades,anexcellentjobrevieworhittingourworkoutgoals【答案】16.E17.G18.F19.C20.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文指出完美主义虽有积极面，但失控会引发健康问题，还给出四个缓解建议：正视自身价值、学会自我同情、缓和自我批评、敢于适度“无所事事”。【16题详析】根据上文“Perfectionismisoftencharacterizedbythepersistentpursuitofexcellenceandthesettingofexceptionallyhighstandards.Itisapositivequality,especiallyformanyprofessions,sayapilotorabrainsurgeon.(完美主义通常表现为对卓越的不懈追求以及设定极高的标准。这是一种积极的品质，尤其对于许多职业而言，比如飞行员或脑外科医生等)”以及后文“Manymedicalandmentalhealthchallengesarerootedinperfectionism.Herearetipstoeaseuponyourself.(许多身体和心理方面的健康问题都源于过度追求完美。以下是一些帮助你放松自己的建议)”可知，前文说完美主义是积极品质，空后转折提到它会引发健康问题，E项“但如果不加约束，它可能会陷入不健康的行为”承上启下，衔接自然。故选E。【17题详析】根据后文“However,it’snaturaltofeelbadordisappointedwhenfallingshortofyourgoals.Ourvalueisnotdefinedonlybyourexcellentperformance.Weareourrelationships,ourinterestsandourenjoymentoflife.(然而，当未能达成目标时，感到沮丧或失望是很正常的。我们的价值并不仅仅由出色的表现来定义。我们的价值在于我们的关系、我们的兴趣以及我们对生活的享受)”可知，空后讲“未达目标时难过很正常”，G项“我们为好成绩、优秀工作评价或达成健身目标而自豪”呼应“成就”，与后文形成转折逻辑。故选G。【18题详析】根据上文“Self-compassionisoftendescribedastalkingtoyourselflikeagoodfriend.Self-compassioncanbeonewordoraphrase:“Easy”,“Gentle”,“You’reOK”.Self-compassioncanbeactions:threedeepbreaths,askingforhelportakingabreak.Itcanalsobepermissionnottodoallthethingsyouexpectofyourself.(自我同情通常被描述为像对待好朋友那样与自己交流。自我同情可以是一个词或一个短语：比如“简单”“温和”“你没问题”。自我同情也可以是行动：做三次深呼吸、寻求帮助或者休息一下。它还可以是允许自己不必去做那些你期望自己完成的事情)”可知，前文举例自我同情的具体做法，F项“这可能意味着疲惫时放弃健身去睡觉”是对“允许自己不做所有期待之事”的具体举例，衔接紧密。故选F。【19题详析】根据后文“Butthatdoesn’tmeanwehavetotakeeverythoughtseriouslyandliterally.(但这并不意味着我们必须对每一个想法都认真地、字面地去对待)”可知，空后围绕“内心批评者”展开，C项“有些人天生倾向于自我批评”引出话题，且与后文“认为‘自己不够好’是想法而非事实”呼应。故选C。【20题详析】根据后文“Self-improvementfeelsgood,butresisttheurgetoturnyourleisuretimeintoanotherproject.Youdon’thavetobuildaskill,learnsomethingnew,ordosomethinggoodforyouallthetime.Improvementandpersonaldevelopmentareimportant,butsoarepleasureandenjoyment.(自我提升的感觉很棒，但要克制住将休闲时间也用于其他事务的冲动。你不必一直去培养一项技能、学习新知识或者做对自己有益的事情。提升自我和进行个人发展固然重要，但快乐和享受也同样重要)”可知，空后强调“不必把闲暇时间变成任务，享受快乐也很重要”，A项“敢于‘无所事事’”概括该段核心，作为段落主旨句最合适。故选A。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Oneday,JuliCobbwasdrivinghomefromwork.However,hercar____21____gasandstoppedinthemiddleoftheroadnearacrowdedhomelessencampmentundera(n)____22____.Cobbsaid,“Iwassittingthereso____23____andanxious.”Thenamanfromunderthebridge____24____Cobbandofferedassistance.Cobb____25____whathadhappened.Asthesteering(转向装置)was____26____andthecarwouldn’tmoving,themantriedtopushitsingle-handedly.Thentwoothermenranovertohelp.Oneman,carefulnotto____27____Cobb,askedwhetherhecouldreachthroughthewindowtocheckthesteeringcolumn.WithCobb’s____28____,hemanagedtounlockit.Allthewhile,vehiclesswerved(急转弯)aroundtoavoidhittingthem.Atonepoint,thegroupeven____29____alongtractortrailer(挂车)tochangelanes.____30____,thethreemenwereabletomovehercartosafety.Thefirstmanthen____31____togetgaswithhisfuelcan,andCobbgavehimsomemoney.Whilehewasgone,oneofthemenstayedbyherside,____32____herthatitwasadangerousplace.Thereweresomepeoplethatwould____33____suchasituation.Cobbneverhadtostepoutofhercar.Beforelong,thefirstmanreturnedwithgasandshewas____34____ofgettingthecarstarted.The____35____ofthethreemenhaslongstayedwithCobb.21.A.figuredout B.madeuseof C.ranoutof D.tookover22.A.bridge B.umbrella C.agreement D.tree23.A.determined B.annoyed C.passionate D.powerless24.A.approached B.rescued C.trapped D.recognized25.A.identified B.described C.estimated D.expected26.A.designed B.held C.stolen D.locked27.A.mention B.ignore C.alarm D.judge28.A.focus B.permission C.test D.personality29.A.forced B.allowed C.directed D.invested30.A.Eventually B.Generally C.Indeed D.Moreover31.A.pretended B.forgot C.begged D.volunteered32.A.remarking B.warning C.promising D.appreciating33.A.dealwith B.callfor C.takechargeof D.takeadvantageof34.A.ashamed B.frightened C.capable D.aware35.A.generosity B.ambition C.reminder D.relief【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.A25.B26.D27.C28.B29.C30.A31.D32.B33.D34.C35.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了JuliCobb下班开车回家时汽车没油抛锚，在无家可归者营地附近得到三位男士热心帮助的故事，展现了陌生人之间的善意。【21题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，她的车耗尽了汽油，停在了一座桥下方、靠近一个拥挤的无家可归者营地的路中间。A.figuredout弄清楚；B.madeuseof利用；C.ranoutof用完；D.tookover接管。根据后文“stoppedinthemiddleoftheroad(停在路中间)”，可知是汽车用完了汽油，故选C项。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，她的车耗尽了汽油，停在了一座桥下方、靠近一个拥挤的无家可归者营地的路中间。A.bridge桥；B.umbrella伞；C.agreement协议；D.tree树。根据后文“amanfromunderthebridge(一个从桥底下出来的男人)”，可推断车停在桥下，故选A项。【23题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Cobb说：“我坐在那里非常无助且焦虑。”A.determined坚定的；B.annoyed恼怒的；C.passionate热情的；D.powerless无助的。根据后文“anxious(焦虑的)”及车抛锚的处境，可知此时是无助的，故选D项。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这时，一个从桥底下出来的男人走近科布，主动提出帮忙。A.approached走近；B.rescued营救；C.trapped困住；D.recognized认出。根据后文“offeredassistance(提供帮助)”，可知男人先走近Cobb，然后主动提出帮忙，故选A项。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Cobb描述了发生的事情。A.identified识别；B.described描述；C.estimated估计；D.expected期待。前文提到男人“offeredassistance”，而男人此时并不知道科布的车出了什么问题，因此科布需要向他描述故障的情况，才能让对方提供有效的帮助。故选B项。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为转向装置被锁住，车无法移动，这个男人尝试单手推车。A.designed设计；B.held握住；C.stolen偷窃；D.locked锁住。根据后文“hemanagedtounlockit(他成功解锁了它)”，可知转向装置是被锁住了，故选D项。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：其中一个男人小心翼翼地避免让Cobb惊慌，询问是否可以从车窗伸手检查转向柱。A.mention提及；B.ignore忽视；C.alarm使惊慌；D.judge判断。根据前文“careful”可知，男人帮忙时小心翼翼，是为了不使Cobb惊慌，故选C项。【28题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：得到Cobb的许可，他成功解锁了转向装置。A.focus专注；B.permission许可；C.test测试；D.personality个性。前文明确提到男人“askedwhetherhecouldreachthroughthewindowtocheckthesteeringcolumn(询问是否可以从车窗伸手检查转向柱)”，这是一个需要征得Cobb同意的动作，只有得到Cobb的许可，男人才会实施后续的解锁操作。故选B项。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一刻，这群人甚至指引一辆长长的牵引挂车变道。A.forced强迫；B.allowed允许；C.directed指引；D.invested投资。根据前文“vehiclesswervedaroundtoavoidhittingthem(车辆急转弯避开他们)”，可知他们在道路上，需要指引挂车变道，故选C项。【30题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，这三个男人把她的车移到了安全地带。A.Eventually最终；B.Generally通常；C.Indeed确实；D.Moreover此外。前文描述帮忙的过程，结合下文“thethreemenwereabletomovehercartosafety”可知此处是最终把车移到安全地带，是对前文帮忙过程的收尾。故选A项。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后第一个男人主动提出去买汽油，Cobb给了他一些钱。A.pretended假装；B.forgot忘记；C.begged乞求；D.volunteered主动提出。此处“then”承接前文的帮忙行为，和“Cobbgavehimsomemoney”说明买汽油是男士在移车到安全地带后，继续主动提出的帮助动作。故选D项。【32题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他离开时，其中一个男人留在她身边，警告她这是个危险的地方。A.remarking评论；B.warning警告；C.promising承诺；D.appreciating感激。根据后文“itwasadangerousplace(这是个危险的地方)”，可知男人是在警告她，故选B项。【33题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：有些人会利用这种处境占便宜。A.dealwith处理；B.callfor需要；C.takechargeof负责；D.takeadvantageof利用。根据前文“itwasadangerousplace”和后文“Cobbneverhadtostepoutofhercar.(Cobb根本不用下车)”可知有些人会利用这种处境占便宜，故选D项。【34题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不久，第一个男人带着汽油回来，她才能够发动汽车。A.ashamed羞愧的；B.frightened害怕的；C.capable有能力的；D.aware意识到的。根据前文“returnedwithgas”可知，男士主动去买回汽油后，Cobb就具备了启动汽车的条件。becapableof是固定搭配，意为“能够、有能力做某事”。故选C项。【35题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这三个男人的慷慨善意让Cobb久久难以忘怀。A.generosity慷慨；B.ambition野心；C.reminder提醒；D.relief宽慰。结合前文中三位男士主动帮Cobb推车、解锁转向柱、指引挂车变道、买汽油，全程无偿相助，及后文“haslongstayedwithCobb(让Cobb久久难忘)”可知，是男士们的慷慨善意让Cobb铭记。故选A项。第二节(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。YellowstoneNationalParkinthewesternUnitedStateswastheworld’sfirstnationalpark.It____36____(establish)in1872,andthisdestinationisfamousfor____37____(it)geothermal(地热的)activityanddiversewildlife.Breathtakinglandscapes—includingsplendidmountains,peacefullakes,andwindingrivers—canbefoundhere.YellowstoneisstilloneofthelargestnationalparksintheUS.MostoftheparkliesinthewesternstateofWyoming.Thefascinatingparkisunusualbecauseof____38____liesunderneathit.Itsitsonthetopof____39____ancientvolcano,knownastheYellowstoneCaldera(火山口),____40____remainsactive.Alakeofhotliquidrockisaboutsixkilometersunderthepark.Expertssaythislakeisunderhuge____41____(amount)ofpressure.Thepressureandheatcausenaturalspringstoshoothotwater____42____(violent)outofthegroundandmudtoboilatYellowstone.Theparkishometomorethan300springs.Thereare____43____(many)springsandhotspringsinYellowstonethananyotherplaceonEarth.TheGrandCanyonisafewhundredmetersdeep.TheYellowstoneRiverrunsthroughitandusually____44____(drop)tensofmetersintheLowerFalls.Visitorscanwalkonapathwhichbringsthemveryclosetothetopofthefalls.There,theycanseeandhearthe____45____(appeal)falls.【答案】36.wasestablished37.its38.what39.an40.which41.amounts42.violently43.more44.drops45.appealing【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了美国黄石国家公园的地热奇观与自然美景。【36题详析】考查时态和语态。句意：它建于1872年，这个目的地以其地热活动和多样野生动物而闻名。空处作谓语，根据时间状语in1872可知，句子描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，且主语It指代公园，为单数，与establish构成被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态。故填wasestablished。【37题详析】考查代词。句意同上。空格后为名词短语，需用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。【38题详析】考查宾语从句。句意：这个迷人的公园因其下方的东西而与众不同。介词短语becauseof后接宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，用连接代词what，表示：……的东西。故填what。【39题详析】考查冠词。句意：它坐落在一座古老的火山的山顶，这座火山被称为黄石火山口，至今仍处于活跃状态。单数可数名词volcano前需加冠词，此处表泛指且ancient以元音因素发音，不定冠词用an。故填an。【40题详析】考查定语从句。句意：它坐落在一座古老的火山的山顶，这座火山被称为黄石火山口，至今仍处于活跃状态。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为YellowstoneCaldera，且在从句中作主语，表示物，用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。【41题详析】考查固定短语。句意：专家表示这个湖承受着巨大的压力。amount与不可数名词pressure搭配，且被huge修饰用复数形式。amountsof意思是“大量的”，通常用于修饰不可数名词。故填amounts。【42题详析】考查副词。句意：压力和热量使得天然泉眼会将滚烫的水猛烈地喷涌而出，而黄石公园的泥浆也会沸腾起来。修饰动词短语shootout需用副