《工业分析 Industrial Analysis》课件-硝酸含量测定（双语）

项目二：工业浓硝酸质量分析任务三：

硝酸质量分析硝酸含量测定原理及方法课程：工业分析中文Scenario2:QualityanalysisofindustrialconcentratednitricacidTask3:QualityanalysisofnitricacidPrinciplesandmethodsformeasuringnitricacidcontentCourse:IndustrialAnalysisEglish·工业浓硝酸产品标准GB/T337.1-2002《工业硝酸浓硝酸》项目98酸97酸硝酸质量分数，%≥98.097.0亚硝酸质量分数，%≤0.501.0硫酸质量分数，%≤0.080.10灼烧残渣质量分数，%≤0.020.02中文·ProductstandardforindustrialconcentratednitricacidGB/T337.1-2002《Industrialnitricacid

concentratednitricacid》project98acid97acidMassfractionofnitricacid，%≥98.097.0Massfractionofnitrousacid，%≤0.501.0Massfractionofsulfuricacid，%≤0.080.10Massfractionofignitionresidue，%≤0.020.02Eglish硝酸质量分析过程

根据分析对象性质设计分析方案准备分析用仪器准备分析用试剂准确称取样品进行分析对结果进行评价中文Nitricacidqualityanalysisprocess:DesignananalysisplanbasedonthenatureoftheanalysisobjectPrepareanalyticalinstrumentsPrepareanalyticalreagentsAccuratelyweighthesampleandanalyzeitEvaluatetheresultsEglish一、方法原理硝酸是强酸，可用酸碱滴定法测定将样品加入过量的氢氧化钠标准滴定溶液中，用甲基橙为指示剂用硫酸标准溶液进行返滴定。

中文一、TheprincipleofmeasurementmethodsNitricacidisastrongacidandcanbedeterminedbyacid-basetitrationAddnitricacidsampletoexcesssodiumhydroxidestandardtitrationsolution,andperformbacktitrationwithsulfuricacidstandardsolutionusingmethylorangeastheindicator.Eglish二、测定所用仪器硝酸易挥发，取样分析时不能像称取性质稳定的固体那样直接称量，必须借助安瓿球的帮忙。此外需滴定分析常规仪器和碘量瓶中文二、InstrumentsusedformeasurementNitricacidisvolatile,andwhensamplingandanalyzing,itcannotbedirectlyweighedlikeastablesolidsample.Ampouleballsmustbeusedtoweighnitricacid.Inaddition,conventionalinstrumentsfortitrationanalysisandiodinevolumetricflasksarerequiredAmpouleballiodinevolumetricflasksSucknitricacidsampleContainerforholdingnitricacidsamplesandtitrationEglish三、测定所用试剂

氢氧化钠标准滴定溶液：c(NaOH)=1mol/L硫酸标准滴定溶液：(1/2H2SO4)=1mol/L甲基橙指示液：1g/LNaOH和H2SO4标准溶液浓度要准确标定中文三、Reagentsusedfordetermination

Sodiumhydroxidestandardtitrationsolution：c(NaOH)=1mol/LSulfuricacidstandardtitrationsolution：(1/2

H2SO4)=1mol/LMethylorangeindicator：1g/LAccuratedeterminationofNaOHandH2SO4standardsolutionconcentrationEglish四、检验步骤将安瓿球预先称准至0.0002g，然后在火焰上微微加热安瓿球的球泡。将安瓿球的毛细管端浸入盛有样品的瓶中，并使冷却，待样品充至1.5mL-2.0mL时，取出安瓿球。用滤纸仔细擦净毛细管端，在火焰上使毛细管端封闭，不使玻璃损失。称量含有样品的安瓿球，称准至0.0002g，并根据差值计算样品质量。中文四、Inspectionsteps

First,accuratelyweighthemassoftheampouleball,andthenslightlyheatthebulboftheampouleballonaflame.Immersethecapillaryendoftheampouleballintothebottlecontainingthesampleandletitcool.Whenthesampleisfilledto1.5mL-2.0mL,removetheampouleball.Carefullywipethecapillaryendwithfilterpaperandsealitontheflametopreventglassloss.

Weightheampoulecontainingthesampleandcalculatethesamplemassbasedonthedifferencebetweenthetwomasses.Eglish

将盛有样品的安瓿球，小心至于预先盛有100mL水和用移液管移入50mL氢氧化钠滴定溶液的锥形瓶中，塞紧磨口塞。然后剧烈震荡，使安瓿瓶破裂，并冷却至室温，摇动锥形瓶，直至酸雾全部吸收为止。

取下塞子，用水洗涤，洗液收集于同一锥形瓶内。加1-2滴甲基橙指示剂溶液，然后用硫酸标准滴定溶液将过量的氢氧化钠标准滴定溶液滴定至溶液呈橙色为终点。中文

Carefullyplacetheampouleballcontainingthesampleintoaconicalflaskprefilledwith100mLofwaterandpipette50mLofsodiumhydroxidetitrationsolution,andtightenthegroundstopper.Thenshakevigorouslytobreaktheampoule,continueshakingtheconicalflaskuntiltheacidmistiscompletelyabsorbed.

Removethestopper,washwithwater,andcollectthewashingsolutioninthesameconicalflask.Add1-2dropsofmethylorangeindicatorsolution,thentitratetheexcesssodiumhydroxidestandardtitrationsolutionwithsulfuricacidstandardtitrationsolutionuntilthesolutionturnsorangeastheendpoint.Eglish五、分析结果的表述w=(c1V1-c2V2)M/m-1.34w2-1.29w3中文五、Expressionofanalysisresultsw=(c1V1-c2V2)M/m-1.34w2-1.29w3Intheformula:C1-actualconcentrationofsodiumhydroxidestandardtitrationsolution,mol/LC2-actualconcentrationofsulfuricacidstandardtitrationsolution,mol/L;V1-thevolumeofsodiumhydroxidestandardtitrationsolutionadded,mL;V2-Volumeofsulfuricacidstandardtitrationsolutionconsumedfortitration,mL;m-

themassofthesample,g;M-

themolarmassofnitricacid,ingramspermole(g/mol)(M=63.02);w2-

themassfractionofnitrousacid;w3-themassfractionofsulfuricacid;1,34-thecoefficientforconvertingnitritetonitricacid;1.29-thecoefficientforconvertingsulfuricacidtonitricacid.Eglish六、分析结果误差分析1、安瓿球外壁没擦干或熔封不完全2、有酸雾从碘量瓶逸出3、使用NaOH和H2SO4两个标准溶液，标准溶液浓度误差会引起硝酸测定误差中文六、Erroranalysisofanalysisresults1、Theouterwalloftheampouleballisnotwipeddryorthemeltingsealisincomplete2、Acidmistescapingfromiodinevolumetricflask3、TheconcentrationerrorofstandardsolutioncancauseerrorsinnitricaciddeterminationEglish思考题1.

硝酸试样为什么要用安瓿球取样？2.

振荡碘量瓶时酸雾未消失，打开瓶塞对分析结果有何影响？3.用甲基橙做指示剂，滴到颜色为黄色和橙红色对分析结果有何影响？中文Reflectionquestions1.Whydonitricacidsamplesneedtobeweighedinampoules?2.Whatistheimpactofopeningthebottlecaponthe