交大考博英语题库及答案

交大考博英语题库及答案

一、单项选择题（每题2分，共10题）1.Theword"ubiquitous"isclosestinmeaningto:A)rareB)commonC)ancientD)futuristicAnswer:B2.Whichofthefollowingisacorrectuseofthepastperfecttense?A)Shehasgonetothestore.B)Shehadgonetothestorebeforehecalled.C)Shewenttothestoreyesterday.D)Shewillgotothestoretomorrow.Answer:B3.Theidiom"bitethebullet"means:A)todelayanactionB)tofaceadifficultsituationwithcourageC)toeatquicklyD)tomakeadecisionhastilyAnswer:B4.Inthesentence"Thecatchasedthemouse,"whatisthesubject?A)chasedB)mouseC)catD)theAnswer:C5.Theword"serendipity"refersto:A)alackofluckB)theoccurrenceanddevelopmentofeventsbychanceinahappyorbeneficialwayC)adeliberateplanD)amistakeAnswer:B6.Whichofthefollowingisacorrectuseofthepassivevoice?A)Theteamwonthegame.B)Thegamewaswonbytheteam.C)Theteamwillwinthegame.D)Thegamehasbeenwonbytheteam.Answer:B7.Theword"myriad"means:A)asingleitemB)alargenumberofC)asmallgroupD)anunknownquantityAnswer:B8.Whichofthefollowingisacorrectuseofthepresentperfecttense?A)Shehaswrittenaletter.B)Shewrotealetteryesterday.C)Sheiswritingaletter.D)Shewillwritealettertomorrow.Answer:A9.Theidiom"hitthenailonthehead"means:A)tomissthetargetB)todosomethingexactlyrightC)tobelateD)toarguewithsomeoneAnswer:B10.Theword"ephemeral"refersto:A)somethingthatlastsforeverB)somethingthatistemporaryandfleetingC)somethingthatisexpensiveD)somethingthatisrareAnswer:B二、多项选择题（每题2分，共10题）1.Whichofthefollowingareexamplesofadjectives?A)happyB)quicklyC)redD)runningAnswer:A,C2.Thefollowingareallexamplesof:A)nounsB)verbsC)adjectivesD)adverbsAnswer:A,B,C,D3.Whichofthefollowingsentencesareinthepassivevoice?A)ThebookwasreadbyJohn.B)Sheisbeinghelpedbyherfriend.C)Thegamewillbeplayedtomorrow.D)Theyhavebeeninvitedtotheparty.Answer:A,B,C,D4.Thefollowingareidioms:A)bitethebulletB)hitthenailontheheadC)mycupofteaD)undertheweatherAnswer:A,B,C,D5.Whichofthefollowingareexamplesofadverbs?A)quicklyB)veryC)loudD)beautifullyAnswer:A,B,D6.Thefollowingareexamplesofverbs:A)runB)eatC)thinkD)blueAnswer:A,B,C7.Whichofthefollowingareexamplesofnouns?A)tableB)happinessC)quicklyD)dogAnswer:A,B,D8.Thefollowingareexamplesofadjectives:A)tallB)quicklyC)redD)beautifullyAnswer:A,C9.Whichofthefollowingsentencesareinthepresentperfecttense?A)Shehasfinishedherwork.B)TheyhavebeentoParis.C)Hehaseatenbreakfast.D)Wehavelivedhereforyears.Answer:A,B,C,D10.Thefollowingareidioms:A)hitthesackB)breaktheiceC)pieceofcakeD)costanarmandalegAnswer:A,B,C,D三、判断题（每题2分，共10题）1.Thepastperfecttenseisusedtodescribeanactionthathappenedbeforeanotheractioninthepast.Answer:True2.Thepresentperfecttenseisusedtodescribeanactionthathappenedatanunspecifiedtimeinthepast.Answer:True3.Thepassivevoiceisalwaysincorrectinwriting.Answer:False4.Adverbsmodifyverbs,adjectives,orotheradverbs.Answer:True5.Idiomsareliteraltranslationsoftheirwords.Answer:False6.Theword"ubiquitous"meansrare.Answer:False7.Thepresentperfecttenseisusedtodescribeanactionthatstartedinthepastandcontinuestothepresent.Answer:True8.Theword"ephemeral"meanssomethingthatlastsforever.Answer:False9.Thepassivevoiceisoftenusedinscientificwriting.Answer:True10.Theidiom"hitthenailonthehead"meanstomissthetarget.Answer:False四、简答题（每题5分，共4题）1.Explainthedifferencebetweenthepresentperfecttenseandthepastperfecttense.Answer:Thepresentperfecttenseisusedtodescribeanactionthathasrelevancetothepresent,suchasanactionthatstartedinthepastandcontinuestothepresentoranactionthathappenedatanunspecifiedtimeinthepast.Thepastperfecttenseisusedtodescribeanactionthathappenedbeforeanotheractioninthepast.Forexample,"Shehasfinishedherwork"(presentperfect)and"Shehadfinishedherworkbeforeshewentout"(pastperfect).2.Whatisthepassivevoice,andwhenisittypicallyused?Answer:Thepassivevoiceisagrammaticalconstructionusedtodescribeanactionthatisperformedonthesubjectofthesentenceratherthanbythesubject.Itistypicallyusedwhentheperformeroftheactionisunknown,unimportant,orobviousfromthecontext.Forexample,"ThebookwasreadbyJohn"(passivevoice)and"Thegamewillbeplayedtomorrow"(passivevoice).3.Definetheterm"idiom"andprovideanexample.Answer:Anidiomisaphraseorexpressionthathasafigurativemeaningthatisdifferentfromtheliteralmeaningofthewords.Forexample,theidiom"bitethebullet"meanstofaceadifficultsituationwithcourage,whichisnotliteral.4.Explainthefunctionofadverbsinasentence.Answer:Adverbsmodifyverbs,adjectives,orotheradverbs.Theyprovideadditionalinformationabouttheaction,quality,orstatedescribedinthesentence.Forexample,inthesentence"Sherunsquickly,"theadverb"quickly"modifiestheverb"runs"anddescribeshowsheruns.五、讨论题（每题5分，共4题）1.Discusstheimportanceofunderstandingthepassivevoiceinacademicwriting.Answer:Understandingthepassivevoiceisimportantinacademicwritingbecauseitallowswriterstofocusontheresearchorfindingsratherthantheresearchersthemselves.Italsohelpstomaintainaformaltoneandcanbeusefulwhentheperformeroftheactionisunknownorunimportant.However,overuseofthepassivevoicecanmakewritingseemvagueandpassive,soitisimportanttouseitjudiciously.2.Whyareidiomsoftenconsideredchallengingfornon-nativespeakersofEnglish?Answer:Idiomsareoftenchallengingfornon-nativespeakersofEnglishbecausetheirmeaningsarenotdeduciblefromtheliteralmeaningsofthewords.Forexample,theidiom"hitthenailonthehead"meanstodosomethingexactlyright,whichisnotobviousfromtheliteralmeaningofthewords.Non-nativespeakersmaystruggletounderstandanduseidiomsappropriatelyintheirwritingandspeech.3.Discusstheroleofadjectivesandadverbsinenhancingtheclarityandvividnessofwriting.Answer:Adjectivesandadverbsplayacrucialroleinenhancingtheclarityandvividnessofwritingbyprovidingadditionaldetailsanddescriptions.Adjectivesdescribenounsandcanhelptocreateamorevividpictureinthereader'smind.Forexample,"Theredcar"ismoredescriptivethan"Thecar."Adverbsdescribeverbs,adjectives,orotheradverbsandcanprovideinformationabouthow,when,where,ortowhatextentsomethinghappens.Forexample,"Sherunsquickly"ismoredescriptivethan"Sheruns."Usingadjectivesandadverbseffectivelycanmak