Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures-动词不定式作定语和状语

SectionⅢ

DiscoveringUsefulStructures——动词不定式作定语和状语内容索引02.研学案•素养为本精讲精练探•听力发音技巧学•语言要点知识03.晚练(三)01.预学案•知识为基听说读写练•课堂5分钟夯基01.预学案•知识为基听说读写补全以下课文原句并思考所填部分的功能①YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworld

(enter)space.②America'sNASAspaceagencylaunchedVoyager1

(study)deepspace,anditstilltransmitsdatatothisday.③However,whilesuchdisastersbroughtmuchsadnessanddisappointment,thedesire

(explore)theuniversedidnotdie.④Chinabecamethethirdcountryintheworld

。independently

。(send)humansintospacein2003.toentertostudytoexploretosend自我感悟①③④②02.研学案•素养为本精讲精练探·语法课堂学习一、动词不定式的时态和语态Evadecidedtousethesametricktodealwiththeschoolbuilding.[2024·浙江1月卷读后续写]伊娃决定用同样的手段来处理学校建筑。Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisofgreatimportance.明天要举行的会议很重要。I'mverysorrytohavekeptyousittingarounddoingnothing.让你一直无所事事闲坐着我感到很抱歉。即学即练1单句语法填空①We'reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositiveway

(develop)andgrow.②Iamhonoured

(deliver)aspeechattheopeningceremonyonbehalfofourschool.③Thequestion

(discuss)tomorrowisaboutthepollution.④Thebookissaidto

(translate)intofourlanguagessofar.todeveloptodelivertobediscussedhavebeentranslated二、动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，动词不定式和它所修饰的词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系、主谓关系、动状关系或同位关系。动词不定式通常要放在这些被修饰词的后面。1．动词不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语，表示尚未发生的动作。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.我有重要的事要告诉你。2．名词前有first,last,next,only等词以及最高级修饰时，其后要用动词不定式。ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.她是第一位在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。3．抽象名词attempt,ability,chance,desire,opportunity,courage,plan,way或不定代词something,nothing等后面常用动词不定式作后置定语。JanisAdkinshastheabilityanddesiretodousefulwork.詹尼斯·阿德金斯有能力和愿望去做有用的工作。Healthyeatingalongwithregularexerciseisprobablytheonlywaytobecomefit.健康饮食加上经常锻炼可能是保持健康的唯一途径。4．当名词与定语之间存在主谓关系时，要用动词不定式作定语。Wemustfindapersontodothejob.我们必须找一个做这份工作的人。〖名师点津〗

(1)动词不定式作定语时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。Attention,please.Theastronauthassomethingimportanttosay．请注意，这名宇航员有重要的事情要说。(2)如果不定式是不及物动词，其后要跟相应的介词。Givemeapieceofpapertowriteon．给我一张纸写字。即学即练2单句语法填空①InmanyhomesintheUK,thefirstperson

(wake)uphastomaketeaforthefamily.②Theairport

(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.③Withtheirability

(see)ahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem.④Carolwashappythatshehadthechance

(experience)thelifeinthecity.towaketobecompletedtoseetoexperience三、动词不定式作状语动词不定式在句中作状语，主要用来表示目的、原因及结果等。1．作目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。为加强语气，常与inorderto或soasto组成短语。Togetsomeworkingexperience,Iintendtotakeupapart­timejobinsummervacation.为了获得一些工作经验，我打算在暑假做一份兼职。Inordertogetmoreclicks,you'dbettertellmewhichChinesecultureyouwesternersprefer.为了获得更多点击量，你最好告诉我你们西方人更喜欢哪种中国文化。Sheaskedmetodrivehertotheairportsoasto

catchthe5：00plane.为了赶上5点的飞机，她让我开车把她送到机场。2．作原因状语，多用于“sb.＋be＋adj.＋todo...”结构中。I'mmorethandelightedtolearnthatyoutakegreatinterestintheSpringFestival.我很高兴得知你对春节很感兴趣。Ifso,youmaybesurprised

tolearnthatlibrarieshavechangedforthebetter.如果这样的话，你可能会很惊讶地发现图书馆已经变得更好了。3．结果状语，多见于too...to、

enoughto...、

onlytodo（表示意料之外的结果的发生）、

so/such...asto（意为“如此……以至于……”）结构中。Theyalllaughedatme,butIwasbraveenoughtomountthehorseagain.他们都嘲笑我，但我有足够的勇气再次上马。TheCalifornianshiparrivedtoolatetosavemorepeople.加利福尼亚号来得太晚，没能挽救更多人。IwassohappytohearthenewsthatIimmediatelyshareditwithmyteacher.[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写]我很高兴听到这个消息，我立即告诉了我的老师。〖名师点津〗动词­ing形式与不定式作结果状语的区别(1)不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果。Hestoodinlineovernight,onlytobeinformedtheticketshadalreadysoldout.他整夜排队，却被告知票已经卖完了。(2)动词­ing形式作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的，必然造成的结果。The2024OlympicGameswasheldinPairssuccessfully,attractingtheattentionofthewholeworld.2024年奥运会在巴黎成功举办，吸引了全世界的目光。4．独立不定式多用作插入语，表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。Tomakemattersworse,thetemperaturedroppedquickly,leavingthemintodeepdespair.更糟糕的是，气温急剧下降，让他们陷入了深深的绝望之中。即学即练3单句语法填空①Hewonthefirstprizeinthecontest,

(make)histeacherproud.②Withoutasecondthought,Pauldrovethecarquicklybacktothetwocyclists,only

(find)theyweregone.③Uponarrivingatthedoorofhishome,hewassurprised

。(discover)thatitwastwodogsthatweregreetinghim.④Wouldyoubesokindas

(spare)sometimetocomeandjoinus？makingtofindtodiscovertospare学·语言要点知识1)lackn.缺乏；短缺vt.没有；缺乏)(1)(a)lackof...缺少……forlackof...由于缺乏……(2)lackingadj.缺乏的；缺少的belackinginsth.缺少某物[练透]单句语法填空①Though

(lack)money,hisparents,makingtheirlivingbyworkingabroad,managedtosendhimtoakeymiddleschool.lacking[写美]一句多译因缺少自信，我站在舞台上，低着头，双腿不受控制地颤抖。②

，

Istoodonthestage,withmyheadloweredandmylegstremblingwithoutcontrol.(forlackof)③Because

，

Istoodonthestage,withmyheadloweredandmylegstremblingwithoutcontrol.(lacksth.)④Because

，

Istoodonthestage,withmyheadloweredandmylegstremblingwithoutcontrol.(belackinginsth.)[小词汇·大文化]

Hardworkcanmakeupforlackofintelligence.勤能补拙。ForlackofconfidenceIlackedconfidenceIwaslackinginconfidence2)beyondprep.在更远处；超出(1)beyondsb.使某人无法想象（或理解、做等）(2)beyondwords难以言喻beyondone'sreach够不着beyondexpectation出乎意料beyondcontrol失去控制[练透]单句语法填空①Moved

words,hehurriedtothespotwiththeboy.②Ishouldhavetoldyouinadvance,butsomethinghappenedbeyondmy

。(expect).[写美]完成句子③难以置信的是，我在写作比赛中获得了第一名，我无法抑制内心的兴奋。[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写]Itis

thatIwonthefirstprizeinthewritingcompetitionandIcouldn'tcontainmyinnerexcitement.beyondexpectationbeyondbelief练·课堂5分钟夯基Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．PaintinggivesHenryachance

(express)himselfwithoutwords.2．I‘mafraidthatIcan’tgoshoppingwithyou,forIhavemanythings

。(deal)withthisafternoon.3．Ihurriedtothesupermarket,only

(find)itwasclosed.4．I'mveryhappy

(hear)myfavoriteteamwonthematch.5．Withnoone

(turn)toforhelp,Kathiefeltveryupset.toexpresstodealtofindtoheartoturnⅡ.完成句子1．屠呦呦是第一位被授予诺贝尔医学奖的中国科学家。TuYouyouisthefirstChinesescientist

theNobelPrizeinMedicine.2．这也为我提供了独立生活和体验生活艰辛的机会。

Itprovidedmewithachance

andexperiencethehardshipsoflife.tobeawardedtoliveindependently3．我认为和朋友们保持联系最好的方式是发电子邮件。Ithinkthebestway

myfriendsisthroughemail.4．为了迎接新年，家家户户都在为团圆饭做准备。

，

everyfamilyispreparingforthereuniondinner.tokeepintouchwithTowelcometheNewYear03.晚练(三)

维度1单句语法填空（每空2.5分，共25分）1．Theyhopethatstudentswillhavetheopportunity

(broaden)theirhorizons.2．Deeplymovedbythestory,shefeltastrongdesire

(help)andcareforothers.3．Scientistsaretryingtofigureoutaway

(store)sufficientfoodandwaterforthelongjourney.4．

(succeed),wemustmakegoodpreparationsforthecomingfootballmatch.tobroadentohelptostoreTosucceed5．

(realize)hisdreamofbeingadmittedintoakeyuniversity,Jackstudiesharderthanever.6．Hewasdisappointed

(learn)thathisapplicationwasrejected.7．ThereweresomanypeoplethatLucyhadtoshoutandwavesoas

。(notice).Torealizetolearntobenoticed8．Theperformancehadintendedtopleasetheaudienceanddrawtheirattention,only

(greet)withanembarrassingsilence,however.9．Doyouevergettothetrainstationandrealizeyouforgottobringsomething

(read)?10．Myfriendtoldmehehadalotofreadingtasks

.

(complete)beforetheendoftheterm.tobegreetedtoreadtocomplete

维度2语法与写作（每空5分，共20分）1．你可能有机会结识新朋友，这些朋友会在你有困难时出现。Youmayhavechances

，

who'llappearwhenyou'reinneed.2．明天出席开幕式的所有老师都应该穿制服。Alltheteachers

tomorrowshouldweartheuniforms.tomakenewfriendstoattendtheopeningceremony3．去年寒假，我和父亲一起去乡下看望了我的祖父母。Duringmylastwinterholiday,Iwenttothecountrysidewithmyfather

．4．为了帮助同学们学好英语，我们已决定为你们学校捐赠一批图书。

，

wehavedecidedtodonatesomebookstoyourschool.tovisitmygrandparentsTohelpthestudentstolearnEnglishbetter

维度3根据括号的要求，

改写下列句子（每题3.5分，共17.5分）1．Thesystemisabletorunmorethanoneprogramatthesametime.（不定式作定语）→________________________________________________________2．MrsLinwasthefirstteacherthatgotintotheofficethismorning.（不定式作定语）→________________________________________________________Thesystemhastheabilitytorunmorethanoneprogramatthesametime.MrsLinwasthefirstteachertogetintotheofficethismorning.3．Tomwasverylucky.Hegottheticketforthefootballgame.(enoughtodo...)→_________________________________________________________4．Tonywassonervousthathecouldn'tanswerthequestion.(too...to...)→_________________________________________________________5．Agroupofyoungpeoplegottogethersothattheycoulddiscusstheproblem.（不定式作状语）→_________________________________________________________Tomwasluckyenoughtogettheticketforthefootballgame.Tonywastoonervoustoanswerthequestion.Agroupofyoungpeoplegottogethertodiscusstheproblem.

维度4语法填空（每空1.5分，共15分）Lastweekend,Iwenttoabookstore1.

(buy)somebooks.ThereIcameacrossaboy.Hewasoldenough2.

(read)byhimself.Hewantedtobuyageographybookthatcostonedollar.However,hehadonlysixty-twocentsinhispocket.Themoneywastoolittleforhim3.

(get)thatbook.Theboylookedquitedisappointed,buthewasdetermined4.

(try)someotherbookstorestogetone.BecauseIwantedtoknowtheresult,Idecided5.

(follow)him.tobuytoreadtogettotrytofollowTheboytriedfourdifferentbookstores6.

(find)acheaperbook,buthewentfromonestoretoanother,only7.

(find)thebookmoreexpensive.Inthesixthbookstore,theownerfoundthattheboywasworried,soheaskedhimwhyhewasanxious8.

(get)ageographybook.Theboytoldhimthathewantedtobecomeasailorlikehisfather.Hewantedtolearnmoreaboutgeography.9.

.(hear)whattheboysaid,theownergavehimoneforfree.Theboywasveryexcited.Theresultwassatisfying.BeforeIleft,Igavetheboytwodollarssothathewasabletohavemoney10.

(buy)morebooks.tofindtofindtogetHearing/HavingheardtobuyⅠ.阅读理解（共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分）

体裁：记叙文

主题语境：坚定追逐梦想

难度：★★★☆☆[2024·山东东营高一期末]Iusedtobehavelikeasuperherowithmyfamily.Buttalkingwithastrangerwasverydifficultforme.Istayedlikethisforalongtime.ButconditionsseemedtochangeafterIattendedcollege.OnedaywhenIwasdoingsomeresearchontheInternetformycollegeproject,Ifoundavideoonhowtodealwithshyness.Thepersoninthevideoexplainedeverythingaboutshynessandsaidsomethingthatinspiredme.Hesaid,“Nooneisbornwithconfidence.Theydevelopitwithtime.Itisalearnableskill.Anyonecanlearnit.”Duetomynewlyfoundmotivation（动机），

Iwatchedhundredsofpersonaldevelopmentvideosin2to3days.Ialsoorderedsomepersonaldevelopmentbooksandreadonlinearticles.Onlyconsuminginformationwasnotgoingtochangemylife.IknewIwouldhavetoperformit.Iwantedtochangeverymuch.So,Icreatedaproperlistofhowtomeetwithpeople.Inthelist,Imentionedeverythingfromeyecontacttosmile,handshake,askingquestions,etc.Itriedtotalkwithastrangereverydayandgotmixedupevenmorewithmyclassmates.NowIwantedtochangemylifecompletely.That'swhyItriedtoconquermybiggestfear:stagefear.Luckily,therewasapublicspeakingcompetitionatmycollege.Iaskedeveryclassmatetogivemecompany.Butnotevenonestudentwasready.IwantedtodoitsobadlythatIendedupdoingitalone,whichwasafearlessmoveforme.Onthecompetitionday,Iwasveryscared.IknewthatifIdidn'tconquerthisfear,itwouldstaywithmeformywholelife.AftersteppingonstageIfounditwasnotthatfrightening.IdidmybestandIgot3rdprizeoutof31students.Myteacherswerecongratulatingme.IwassohappythatIfinallymadeit.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者曾经害怕与陌生人交流，但在大学期间，受到一段关于如何应对害羞的视频启发，开始积极寻求改变。作者通过观看视频、阅读书籍和文章，学习社交技巧，并尝试与陌生人交流。最后，作者鼓起勇气参加了学校的公开演讲比赛，克服了舞台恐惧，并获得第三名。1．Whatstirreduptheauthor'sdeterminationtochange？(

)A．Aninspiringvideo.B．Acollegeproject.C．Articlesonshyness.D．Booksonpersonaldevelopment.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“OnedaywhenIwasdoingsomeresearchontheInternetformycollegeproject,Ifoundavideoonhowtodealwithshyness.Thepersoninthevideoexplainedeverythingaboutshynessandsaidsomethingthatinspiredme.”可知，作者在看了一个关于如何应对害羞的视频后，被视频中的话所激励，从而激起了他改变的决心。故选A。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“consuming”meaninParagraph3？(

)A．Takingin. B．Takingadvantageof.C．Usingup. D．Beingaddictedto.答案：A解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前“Iwatchedhundredsofpersonaldevelopmentvideosin2to3days.Ialsoorderedsomepersonaldevelopmentbooksandreadonlinearticles.”可知，作者观看了大量关于个人发展的视频，阅读了大量相关书籍和文章。结合画线词所在句“Onlyconsuminginformationwasnotgoingtochangemylife.IknewIwouldhavetoperformit.”可推知，作者意识到只是通过上文所述方式去“获取信息”是远远不够的，还要去实践它。故画线词consuming的意思是“摄入，吸收”，与takingin同义。故选A。3．Whatcanbeinferredaboutthespeakingcompetition？(

)A．31studentswereawarded3rdprize.B．Ithelpedtheauthorremovestagefear.C．Itwasthebiggestchallengefortheauthor.D．Teamworkwasrequiredinthecompetition.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中“NowIwantedtochangemylifecompletely.That'swhyItriedtoconquermybiggestfear:stagefear.Luckily,therewasapublicspeakingcompetitionatmycollege.”和最后一段可推知，这次演讲比赛帮助作者克服了舞台恐惧。故选B。4．Whatcanwelearnfromtheauthor'sexperience？(

)A．Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.B．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.C．Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart.D．Allthingsaredifficultbeforetheyareeasy.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据全文内容，作者通过自己的经历告诉我们：只要有决心和行动，就没有什么是不可能的。文章讲述作者从害怕与人交往到最终克服舞台恐惧并获得演讲比赛第三名，这一转变过程充分说明了“有志者事竟成”的道理。因此，我们可以从作者的经历中学到的是“Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart（有志者事竟成）”。故选C。Ⅱ.七选五（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）体裁：

说明文主题语境：搬家经历

难度：★★★☆☆[2024·辽宁省名校联盟期末]Movinghouseisoneofthemoststressfullifeevents.Accordingtoasurveyasking2，000peopletolisttheirtoplifestressors,movinghousecametop,followedbydivorce,havingababy,startinganewjobandgettingmarried.1(

)Ifyourchangeoflocationistiedtoanew,muchdesiredjob,thepressuresaremoreeasilydealtwith.Butwhenthemoveisforced—becauseofjoblossorseparation—thenthestressfeelstrulyburdensome.Whateverthereason,ifyou'removingsoon,howcanyoumaketheexperienceasstress-freeaspossible?Gettoknowthenewarea.Ifyournewhouseisnearby,visittheneighborhood.2(

)Discoverwhereyou'llshop,howlongitwilltaketogetchildrentoschoolandsoon,soitalreadyfeelsfamiliarwhenyoumove.Playwiththelayout

（布局）.Initially,usethesalesinformationtodrawascalemodelofyournewhome,thenmeasureyourfurnitureandcalculatethelength,heightorwidthtomatchyourmodel.3(

)Movetheitemsaroundtodifferentrooms,untilyoufindthemostagreeablelayout.Make“holidaypreparations”.Imagineyou'regoingonaone-weekself-cateringholiday.Packeverythingyou'dneedandbringityourselftothenewhouseonmovingday.Thatway,you'llhavealltheessentialsrightonhand.Usecolourcode.Colourcodeeachroominthenewhouse,andthenmarkeachboxyoupackwiththeappropriatecolour.Forexample,youusegreentorepresentkitchen.Thenputalltheitemsrelatedtokitchenintoboxesmarkedgreen.4(

)5(

)If