Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures-情态动词和过去将来时

SectionⅢ

DiscoveringUsefulStructures——情态动词和过去将来时内容索引02.研学案•素养为本精讲精练探•听力发音技巧学•语言要点知识03.晚练(三)01.预学案•知识为基听说读写练•课堂5分钟夯基01.预学案•知识为基听说读写根据课文句子，注意情态动词和过去将来时的用法①Oliverbelievesthatwithamillion­poundbanknoteamancouldliveamonthinLondon.②Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please?③Mayweaskwhatyou'redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare?④Well,youmustn'tworryaboutthat.⑤Nowifyou'llexcuseme,Ioughttobeonmyway.⑥Thetwogentlemenhadbeenhavingaheatedargumentforacoupleofdays,andhaddecidedtomakeabetwhichwouldsettletheirargument.⑦TheyweregoingtofindsomeonetotakepartintheirbetwhentheysawHenrywalkingonthestreetoutside.自我感悟1．句①中的could表示

；句②中的would表示

；句③中的may表示

；句④中的mustn't表示

；句⑤中的will表示

；oughtto表示

。2．句⑥、⑦过去将来时。过去将来时的构成有：

。和

。两种形式。能力请求许可禁止意愿义务和需要would＋dowas/weregoingtodo02.研学案•素养为本精讲精练探·语法课堂学习一、情态动词1．can/could的用法表示能力[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写]Idiscoveredasinglepersoncanhaveagreatinfluenceonme.我发现一个人可以对我产生很大的影响。Italkedwithherforalongtime,andfinallyIcouldmakeherbelieveme.我和她谈了很长时间，最终，我让她相信了我。表示客观可能性Anybodycanmakemistakesinhislifetime.任何人在一生中都可能犯错误。〖名师点津〗习惯用法“cannot...too...”表示“无论怎样……都不过分”，有时cannot可用cannever替代。表示许可CanIhavealookatthatplasticbox?我可以看一下那个塑料盒吗？表示请求（使用could比用can语气更显委婉客气。could此时和can没有时间上的差别，它主要用于疑问句，不用于肯定句，因此肯定回答时要改用can。）—CouldItakeoutaloantomorrow?—Yes,youcan．/No,I'mafraidnot.——我明天能取得贷款吗？——是的，可以。/不，恐怕不行。表示推测（can表示理论上存在的可能性；在表示否定的推测时，一般用can't。）Hehasjusthadhislunch.Hecan'tbehungry.他刚吃过午饭，不会饿的。2．may/might的用法〖名师点津〗

may/mightaswell“还是……好”。Tostartwith,youmightaswelllearntospeakMandarin.首先，你最好学会说普通话。表示请求和允许（might比may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can't或mustn't，表示“不可以，禁止”。）Ifitisconvenient,may/mightIpayyouavisitatyourofficenextTuesday?如果方便的话，我可以下周二到办公室拜访你吗？用于祈使句，表示祝愿Mayyouhaveanunforgettabletravellingexperience!祝你拥有一段难忘的旅游经历！表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句），might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。Yourmothermay/mightnotknowthetruth.你妈妈或许不知道真相。3．must/haveto的用法〖名师点津〗

haveto表示“必须，不得不”，意义与must很接近，但must表示主观意志，而haveto表示由于客观因素不得不做某事，并且可用于更多的时态。意为“必须、必要”，表示现在或将来必须要做某事，多是出于义务、责任或强制命令，指说话人的主观意志。[2023·全国甲卷]Sheteachesthatpeoplemusttakeresponsibilityforsavingtheirenvironment.她教育人们必须承担拯救环境的责任。must用于疑问句中，可以用来表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意为“偏要，硬要”。mustn't的意思是“禁止”，而不是“不必”。Mustyouplaytheguitarsoloudly?Ican'tconcentratemyattentiononmywork.你非要这么大声弹吉他吗？我无法把注意力集中在工作上。IworknotbecauseIhaveto,butbecauseIwantto.我不是因为不得不而工作，而是因为我想工作。Wemustpromoteourenvironmentalawarenessandbehaveourselves.我们必须提高环保意识，并规范我们的行为。4．shall/should的用法shall用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。ShallIorderataxiforSarahtogototheairporttonight?我要给Sarah订今天晚上去机场的出租车吗？shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。Youshallfailifyouignorethedetails.如果你忽视这些细节，你会失败的。Heshallbepunishedifhekeepsondoingit.如果他继续那样做，会受到惩罚的。5.will/would的用法表示请求、建议等，

would更委婉Will/Wouldyoupassmetheball,please?请把球递给我，好吗？表示意志、愿望和决心IpromiseIwilldomybesttoprovidebestservicefortheCityGames.我许诺我会尽最大努力为城市运动会提供最好的服务。Itoldhertostopcrying,butshejustwouldn'tlisten.我告诉她别哭，但是她不愿意听。表示估计和猜想Itwouldbeaboutteno'clockwhenshelefthome.她离开家时大约10点钟。〖名师点津〗

would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比usedto正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。Duringthevacation,hewouldvisitmeeveryotherday.在假期中，他每隔一天来看我一次。6．should/oughtto的用法表示“应该”（oughtto表示义务或责任，比should语气重）Ishouldhelpherbecausesheisintrouble.她遇到麻烦了，我应该帮助她。Yououghttotakecareofthebaby.你应该照看这个婴儿。表示劝告、建议和命令（should,oughtto可通用，但在疑问句中常用should）Youshould/oughttogotoclassrightawayincaseyouarelate.你应该立刻去上课，以免迟到。表示推测Heoughtto/shouldbehomebynow.现在他应该到家了。

即学即练1用适当的情态动词填空

①He

gototherivernearbytofishonweekendswhenhewasyoung.②Manypeoplewerestandingaroundwatchingwithsympathy,butnoone

.tohelphimup.③Itisusuallywarminwinterinthesouth,butit

becoldandevenhavesnowsometimes.④IhaverealisedthatI

beresponsiblefornotonlymyself,butalsoforthesociety.⑤You

aswellwalkoutsidewithyourfriendsortakesomeexercise.woulddaredcanshouldmay/might7．“情态动词＋havedone”的用法(1)canhavedone表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在疑问句和否定句中。Hecannothaveforgottenit.他不可能忘记的。(2)couldhavedone用来表示推测，意为“可能已经”，也可以表示“本可以做某事而未做”。Hewasn'tathomelastnight.Hecouldhavegonetothemovies.他昨晚不在家，可能去看电影了吧。Theaccidentcouldhavebeenavoided．这场事故本来是可以避免的。(3)should/oughttohavedone意为“过去该做某事而没有做”，表示说话者后悔、遗憾或责备的语气。IreallyregrettedwastingthehourswhenIshouldhavestudiedhard,butitwastoolate.我真后悔浪费了本该努力学习的光阴，但已经晚了。(4)shouldn't/oughtn'ttohavedone意为“过去不该做某事却（已经）做了”，也表示说话者后悔或责备的语气。Tobehonest,Ishouldn'thavespokentoyoulikethat.说实话，我本不应该那样对你说话的。(5)needn'thavedone表示“本不必做某事却已经做了”。Youneedn'thavetakenoutaloan;wecouldgiveyouahand.你本不需要贷款的，我们可以帮助你。(6)musthavedone表示对过去的推测，只用于肯定句中，意为“一定做过某事”。Fromwhatyousaid,shemusthavetoldyouallaboutit.从你所说的来看，她一定把一切都告诉你了。(7)may/mighthavedone表示对过去发生的事情的推测，意为“也许已经做了某事”，多用在肯定句中。Youmayhavelostyourwalletwhenyouwereshoppinginthemarket.你或许是在市场买东西的时候丢了钱包。

即学即练2完成句子①那个测试很容易，他本来应该通过的，但却没有。Itwasaneasytestandhe

，

buthedidn't.②她可能买了那本词典，但我不确定。She

，

butI'mnotsure.③你或许从没听说过重阳节，但实际上这是我最喜欢的节日。You

theChongyangFestival,butitisactuallymyfavourite.shouldhavepassedmayhaveboughtthedictionarymighthaveneverheardof④你本没必要订票的，因为这几天动物园免费向公众开放。You

，

forthezooisopentothepublicfreeofchargethesedays.needn'thavebookedtheticket二、过去将来时1．过去将来时的含义(1)表示在过去某一时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用在主句谓语动词为过去时态的宾语从句中。Themansaidthathewouldwaitforusattheconsulate.那个男人说他将在领事馆等我们。(2)表示过去的某种习惯性行为，只用would。Hewouldwalkbythelakewhileinthecountryside.他在农村时经常在湖边散步。2．过去将来时的表达法would＋动词原形HetoldmehewouldgotoBeijing.他告诉我他将去北京。was/weregoingtodo表示“准备、计划做某事”，或将要发生某事。Theboywasnotgoingtodoanythingeventually.最后这个男孩不准备做任何事。was/wereabouttodo表示“正要、即将”。Hisfatherwasabouttobetransferredtoaseasidetown.他父亲即将被调往一座海滨小城。was/wereonthepointofdoing表示“正要做……”。Shewasonthepointofleavingwhenwecamein.她即将动身离开，这时我们进来了。was/wereduetodo表示“定于……做某事”。Wordcamethattheshipwasduetoleaveatmidnight.有消息说，船定于午夜起航。go,come,leave,take等少数动词可用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的情况。Agreatmanypeoplewerecomingtowatchthefireworks.有许多人要来看焰火。ShetoldhermotherthatshewasleavingforaballwithMike.她告诉母亲，她要和迈克一起去参加一个舞会。was/weretodo表示“曾计划做某事”。Themansaidhewastotakeuptheposition.这个人说他要担任这个职务。3.过去将来时与一般将来时的比较Tomsaysthathewillnevergetmarried.汤姆说他永远不结婚。Tomsaidthathewouldnevergetmarried.汤姆说过他永远不结婚。总结：一般将来时是表示从现在看来将要发生的情况，而过去将来时则是表示从过去看来将要发生的情况。

即学即练3单句语法填空①Shesaidthebus

(leave)atfivethenextmorning.②Iwasn'tsurewhetherhe

(lend)mehisbookthenextmorning.③Atthattimehedidnotknowthatquittingthejob

.

(become)theturningpointinhislife.④Hesaidhe

(visit)Chinathenextweek.⑤Inhisintroduction,hemadeitclearthatourcredit

(be)hard­earned.wasleavingwouldlendwastobecomewasgoingtovisitwouldbe学·语言要点知识1)intentionn.打算；计划；意图；目的(1)withtheintentionof目的是……havenointentionofdoingsth.无意做某事(2)intendvt.计划；打算intendtodosth.打算/想要做某事(3)beintendedtodo...为了做……beintendedfor...专门为……而设计的；专供……使用的[练透]单句语法填空①The

(intend)oftheactivityistomakeusawareoftheimportanceofenvironmentprotection.②TheChineseSummerCamp,which

(intend)forinternationalstudents,isgoingtobeheldinourschool.intentionisintended[写美]完成句子③本周日，我们学校举办了一场激动人心的和令人印象深刻的比赛，旨在提高我们的阅读能力。ThisSundaysawthethrillingandimpressivecompetitionheldbyourschool

．[拓展记忆]后缀­tion构成的名词：

collection;correction；actionwiththeintentionofimprovingourreadingability2)incase以防；以防万一incaseof万一；如果发生……inthis/thatcase在这种/那种情况下inanycase无论如何innocase决不asisoftenthecase这是常有的事[练透]用case的相关短语填空①Awareofthemission,Imadeupmymindtoreturnandgettheworkdone

myfather'spunishment.②Donotallowthemtoexploreontheirown

theymakemistakesorgethurt.③

，

peopletendtotalkloudlyinpublicplaces.incaseofincaseAsisoftenthecase[写美]完成句子④我们决不能阻止学生对新思想进行探索。

thestudentsfromexploringnewideas.[名师指津]

innocase置于句首，引起部分倒装。Innocaseshouldweprevent练·课堂5分钟夯基完成句子1．从他的口音判断，这个男孩一定来自一个北欧国家，比如挪威或芬兰。Judgingbyhisaccent,theboy

aNorthEuropeancountry,suchasNorwayorFinland.2．我找不到我的钱包了。也许我昨天把它落在超市里了，但是我不确定。Ican'tfindmypurse.I

itinthesupermarketyesterday,butI'mnotsure.musthavecomefrommay/mighthaveleft3．汤姆，你太懒惰了。你本应该昨天就做完这项工作。Tom,youaretoolazy.You

theworkyesterday.4．消息传来，我们学校将要举行一次与中国传统习俗有关的班会。Wordcamethatourschool

.whosetopicwasrelatedtoChinesetraditionalcustoms.5．昨晚，我和同学们热烈地讨论了我们班计划在周末进行的旅行。LastnightmyclassmatesandIheatedlydiscussedthetripourclass

。attheweekend.shouldhavefinishedwasgoingtoholdaclassmeetingweretotake03.晚练(三)

维度1单句语法填空（每空3分，共45分）用适当的情态动词或所给动词的适当形式填空。1．Whenhewasyoung,he

climbthesmallhilleverymorning.2．Ifyoucanpassthedrivingtest,you

getanewcar.3．She

havebeencaughtintheheavytraffic.Ifso,shewon'tarriveherebyfiveo'clock.4．IhavereachedapointinmycareerwhereI

todecidewhichwaytogo.wouldshallmay/mightneed5．Thereportiswrittenaftercarefulinvestigation.Soit

bereliable.6．Oneofourrulesisthateverystudent

wearschooluniformswhileatschool.7．Itisnotaproblemwhetherwe

winthebattle;it'sjustamatteroftime.8．Hesaidthatifitdidn'trainhe

(go)tothepark.9．Despitealloureffortstopersuadehim,hestill

notchangehismindtoquithisjob.shouldshallcanwouldgowould10．Adaptingtoanewculturecanbedifficult.However,you

。tostepoutofyourcomfortzone.11．Hedidn'tknowthattheexperiencewas

(change)hiswholelife.12．Theboywasabout

(open)thedoorwhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.13．Ididn'texpectthatsomanypeople

(offer)theirhelp.14．Iwastoldthatthepressconference

(hold)thenextday.15．Ipromiseifyouwinthefootballgame,allofyou

haveachancetotravelinParisforfree.needtochangetoopenwouldofferwastobeheldshall

维度2语法与写作（每空3.5分，共17.5分）1．我很生他的气，因为他本应该好好照顾自己的。Iwasannoyedathimbecausehe

，himself.2．这星期早些时候他对我说他要去伦敦。Earlierthisweek,hetoldmehe

London.3．她一定赢了这场比赛，因为她脸上挂着灿烂的笑容。She

，

becauseshewearsabrightsmileonherface.shouldhavetakengoodcareofwasleavingformusthavewonthegame4．我们被告知飞机十分钟后就要起飞了。Weweretoldthattheplane

intenminutes.5．我仍然记得我快乐的童年，在周末我奶奶常常带我去公园。Istillremembermyhappychildhoodwhenmygrandma

。atweekends.wastakingoffwouldtakemetothepark

维度3语法填空（每空1.5分，共15分）Atacurrentexhibition1.

(feature)theworksofpostgraduatesfromTsinghuaUniversity'sAcademyofArtsandDesign,thequestionof2.

，artanddesigncanenrichculturalheritageandscientificknowledgetakescenterstage.Theshowcaseoffersaglimpseintothecreativesolutions3.

，(propose)byemergingartistsanddesigners.featuringhowproposedTheexhibitionpresentsdiverseideasaimedatintegratingculturalheritageand4.

(science)themes.Examplesincludeprojectsthatfocusontheancientmusicalinstrumentsfoundincenturies-oldmuralsandthetransformationofseaweed5.

(highlight)theimportanceofenvironmentalconservation.scientifictohighlightMaSai,thedeanoftheacademy,6.

(emphasize)thattheseworksnotonlyshowcasetheuniqueperspectivesofthe7.

，(young)generationofartistsanddesignersbutalsoemphasizetheircommitmenttoaddressingtheneedsofsocietythroughtheircreativeefforts.Theexhibitionserves8.

aplatformforstudentstodemonstratetheircreativity,social9.

(aware)andadaptabilitytoemergingtrendsinthedigitalage.emphasizesyoungerasawarenessFollowingthisshowcase,10.

exhibitionfeaturingthegraduateworksoftheacademyissettoopenatthesamevenuesonJune14,furtherhighlightingtheinnovativeandforward-thinkingapproachofTsinghuaUniversity'sAcademyofArtsandDesign.anⅠ.阅读理解（共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分）

体裁：记叙文

主题语境：寻找老朋友难度：★★★☆☆[2024·辽宁省部分高中期末]DavidlovedhisgrandsonPhilipdearly.Theboyremindedhimofhimselfatanearlyage.Theyhadalotoffuntogether,exploringthebackyardandhikinginthenearbypark.However,oneweekend,Philipfeltillandhadtostayinbed.Davidmadesuretokeephisgrandsonentertainedbyfindingabooktheycouldenjoytogether.BeforehandingittoPhilip,hedecidedtoleafthroughitandlookbackatthestory.However,whilelookingthroughit,hedidn'texpecttoseeanotherpieceofhisyouth,thistimeintheformofaphotographofhimandhisoldfriends.Therewerefourinthepicture—David,Steve,Dorothy,andTeresa.Theywereneighborsandoftenwenttothebeachtogether.Inthephoto,thefourofthemwereplayingonthesand.Suddenly,Davidwonderedaboutthepeopleinthephotograph,curioustoknowwherelifehadtakenthem.Philipnoticedthatandasked“Whathappened,Grandpa？”Davidsmiled,excitedlytakingthebookandthephototoPhilip.“Look,Philip.Thisisanoldphotoofmyfriendsandme！”hesaid.“IwishIcouldmeetthemagain.”PhilipsuggestedlookingforthemonFacebook.ThroughPhilip'stablet,theysearchedforDavid'sfriends.ToPhilip'ssurprise,theyweren'tonthesocialmediaplatform.DaviddecidedtogotohishometowntofindSteve,Dorothy,andTeresa.ThetownhadchangedalotandhefoundthatDorothy'sandSteve'shouseswerenolongerthere.Stillhopeful,Daviddecidedtovisitthelastaddress,whichwasTeresa's.Ayounggirlopenedthedoor.“I'msorry,younglady.IwasjustlookingforTeresaGreen,butImighthavegottentheaddresswrong，”hesaid.Suddenly,thegirlshouted,“Grandma,youhaveavisitor！”【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述大卫在给孙子阅读的书中无意中发现了和老朋友的照片，于是开始寻找以前的朋友们。1．WhydidDavidfindabooktoenjoywithPhilip？(

)A．BecausePhilipwasentertainedmostbybooks.B．BecauseDavidintendedtoshowPhilipapicture.C．BecauseDavidrememberedsomethinginthebook.D．BecausePhilipwasnotingoodconditiononthatday.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“However,oneweekend,Philipfeltillandhadtostayinbed.Davidmadesuretokeephisgrandsonentertainedbyfindingabooktheycouldenjoytogether.”可知，大卫找了一本书和菲利普一起读是因为那天菲利普身体不好。故选D。2．WhatsurprisedDavidashewaslookingthroughthebook？(

)A.Aleaf. B．Apicture.C．Somefriends. D．Somebeachtours.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“However,whilelookingthroughit,hedidn'texpecttoseeanotherpieceofhisyouth,thistimeintheformofaphotographofhimandhisoldfriends.”可知，当大卫翻阅这本书时，一张照片使他感到惊讶。故选B。3．HowdidPhiliphelpDavidsearchforhisfriends？(

)A．Bypostingthepictureonline.B．ByvisitingthemwithDavid.C．Bygivingawayhistabletasagift.D．BylookingforthemonFacebook.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中“PhilipsuggestedlookingforthemonFacebook.”可知，菲利普在Facebook上帮助大卫寻找他的朋友。故选D。4．Whatmightthefollowingparagraphprobablybeabout？(

)A．DavidtoldPhilipaboutthewrongaddresses.B．Davidtalkedwiththegirlaboutsomelifelessons.C．DavidandTeresamanagedtocontactSteveandDorothy.D．Davidapologizedsincerelyforthetroublehehadcaused.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段以及最后一段“Suddenly,thegirlshouted,‘Grandma,youhaveavisitor！’”可知，大卫最后找到了特蕾莎，推测后面他会和特蕾莎设法联系上史蒂夫和多萝西。故选C。Ⅱ.七选五（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）体裁：

说明文主题语境：提升阅读体验难度：★★★☆☆[2024·太原市高一下学期期末]Inthedigitalage,librarieshaveembracedtechnologytoimprovethereadingexperience.Self-servicebookborrowingmakesiteasierandfasterforreaderstoborrowbooks.Here'sastep-by-stepguidetohelpyoulearnhowtouseit.·Registerlibrarymembership.1(

).Somelibrariesmayalsorequireasmallmembershipfee.Onceyourmembershipisapproved,youwillbeissuedalibrarycard.2(

).Withthiscard,youcanenjoybooksandresources.·Activateonlineaccess.Manylibrariesofferyoutheoptiontomanageyouraccountonline.3(

).Youcanalsodownloadbooksforofflinereading.·Usetheself-servicekiosk（亭）.First,findthebookyouwishtoborrow.Andthenscanyourlibrarycardandthebarcodeofthebook.4(

)．·5(

).Eachlibraryhasitsownrulesregardingthenumberofbooksyoucanborrowandforhowlong.Ensureyouareawareofthesetoavoidl