2025年英文系统设计面试题库及答案

2025年英文系统设计面试题库及答案

一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分）1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTapartofthesystemdesignprocess?A.RequirementsgatheringB.ArchitecturedesignC.UserinterfacedesignD.Marketingstrategy2.Insystemdesign,whatdoesSaaSstandfor?A.SoftwareasaServiceB.SystemasaServiceC.ServiceasaSoftwareD.SystemasaSoftware3.Whichdatabasemodelisbestsuitedforhierarchicaldatastorage?A.RelationalB.NetworkC.HierarchicalD.Object-oriented4.Whatistheprimarypurposeofloadbalancinginsystemdesign?A.ToincreasesystemspeedB.ToreducesystemcostC.TodistributenetworktrafficevenlyD.Toenhancesystemsecurity5.Whichofthefollowingisakeycomponentofmicroservicesarchitecture?A.MonolithiccodebaseB.CentralizeddatabaseC.ServicediscoveryD.Traditionalclient-servermodel6.WhatdoesAPIstandforinthecontextofsystemdesign?A.ApplicationProgrammingInterfaceB.AdvancedProgrammingInterfaceC.ApplicationProcessIntegrationD.AutomatedProgrammingInterface7.Whichofthefollowingisacommonmethodforensuringdataconsistencyindistributedsystems?A.DatareplicationB.DatapartitioningC.DataserializationD.Dataencryption8.WhatisthemainadvantageofusingaNoSQLdatabase?A.StrongdataconsistencyB.ScalabilityC.ComplexqueriesD.ACIDtransactions9.Whichofthefollowingisakeyconsiderationwhendesigningasystemforhighavailability?A.SinglepointoffailureB.RedundantcomponentsC.LimitedscalabilityD.Highlatency10.Whatistheprimarypurposeofcachinginsystemdesign?A.TostoredatatemporarilyB.ToincreasesystemspeedC.ToreducenetworktrafficD.Toenhancesystemsecurity二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分）1.Theprocessofgatheringanddocumentingsystemrequirementsisknownas________.2.Asystemthatprovidessoftwareservicesovertheinternetiscalleda________system.3.Themodelthatorganizesdataintotableswithrowsandcolumnsisknownasthe________model.4.Thetechniqueofdistributingnetworktrafficacrossmultipleserverstooptimizeresourceuseiscalled________.5.Asmall,independentservicethatcanbedeveloped,deployed,andscaledindependentlyisknownasa________.6.Thesetofrulesandprotocolsthatallowsdifferentsoftwareapplicationstocommunicatewitheachotheriscalledan________.7.Theprocessofensuringthatdataisconsistentacrossmultipledatabasesinadistributedsystemiscalled________.8.Adatabasethatdoesnotrequireafixedschemaandisdesignedforscalabilityandperformanceisknownasa________database.9.Theabilityofasystemtocontinueoperatingnormallydespitethefailureofoneormoreofitscomponentsiscalled________.10.Thepracticeofstoringfrequentlyaccesseddatainatemporarystorageareatoimprovesystemperformanceiscalled________.三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分）1.Systemdesignisonlyconcernedwiththetechnicalaspectsofasystem.2.SaaSisatypeofdatabasemodel.3.Loadbalancingcanimprovesystemspeedbutnotsecurity.4.Microservicesarchitectureissuitableforsmallprojectsonly.5.APIsareusedtohidethecomplexityofasystem.6.Datareplicationisnotnecessaryfordataconsistencyindistributedsystems.7.NoSQLdatabasesarenotsuitableforcomplexqueries.8.Highavailabilitysystemsarealwaysexpensivetoimplement.9.Cachingcanreducenetworktrafficbutnotsystemspeed.10.Systemdesigndoesnotrequireanyuserinput.四、简答题（总共4题，每题5分）1.Describethekeystepsinvolvedinthesystemdesignprocess.2.Explainthedifferencebetweenamonolithicarchitectureandamicroservicesarchitecture.3.Discusstheimportanceofdataconsistencyindistributedsystems.4.Howdoescachingimprovesystemperformance?五、讨论题（总共4题，每题5分）1.WhataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofusingaNoSQLdatabaseinsystemdesign?2.Howcanloadbalancingbeimplementedinasystem?Discussthebenefitsandchallenges.3.Whatarethekeyconsiderationswhendesigningasystemforhighavailability?Provideexamples.4.DiscusstheroleofAPIsinmodernsystemdesign.Whatarethechallengesandbestpractices?答案和解析一、单项选择题答案1.D2.A3.C4.C5.C6.A7.A8.B9.B10.B二、填空题答案1.Requirementsgathering2.SaaS3.Relational4.Loadbalancing5.Microservice6.API7.Dataconsistency8.NoSQL9.Highavailability10.Caching三、判断题答案1.False2.False3.False4.False5.True6.False7.False8.False9.False10.False四、简答题答案1.Thekeystepsinvolvedinthesystemdesignprocessare:-Requirementsgathering:Collectanddocumentsystemrequirements.-Architecturedesign:Definethesystem'sarchitecture,includingcomponentsandtheirinteractions.-Datadesign:Designthedatabaseschemaanddatastorage.-Interfacedesign:Definetheuserinterfacesandexternalsysteminteractions.-Implementation:Developanddeploythesystem.-Testing:Verifythatthesystemmeetstherequirementsandfunctionscorrectly.2.Thedifferencebetweenamonolithicarchitectureandamicroservicesarchitecture:-Monolithicarchitecture:Allcomponentsofthesystemaretightlyintegratedintoasinglecodebaseanddeployedasasingleunit.-Microservicesarchitecture:Thesystemiscomposedofsmall,independentservicesthatcanbedeveloped,deployed,andscaledindependently.3.Theimportanceofdataconsistencyindistributedsystems:-Dataconsistencyensuresthatallnodesinadistributedsystemhavethesameviewofthedata.-Itpreventsdataanomaliesandensuresaccurateandreliablesystembehavior.-Itiscrucialformaintainingtheintegrityofthesystemandprovidingaconsistentuserexperience.4.Howcachingimprovessystemperformance:-Cachingstoresfrequentlyaccesseddatainatemporarystoragearea,reducingtheneedtofetchdatafromtheprimarysource.-Itreducesnetworklatencyandimprovesresponsetimes.-Itoffloadstheprimarystoragesystem,reducingitsloadandimprovingoverallsystemperformance.五、讨论题答案1.AdvantagesanddisadvantagesofusingaNoSQLdatabase:-Advantages:-Scalability:NoSQLdatabasescanhandlelargevolumesofdataandhightrafficloads.-Flexibility:Theyallowforschema-lessdatastorage,makingiteasiertoadapttochangingrequirements.-Performance:Theyareoptimizedforspecificusecasesandcanprovidehighperformanceforreadandwriteoperations.-Disadvantages:-Dataconsistency:NoSQLdatabasesmaysacrificestrongdataconsistencyforperformanceandscalability.-Limitedquerycapabilities:Theymaynotsupportcomplexquerieslikerelationaldatabases.-Ecosystem:Theymayhaveasmallerecosystemoftoolsandlibrariescomparedtorelationaldatabases.2.Implementingloadbalancinginasystem:-Loadbalancingcanbeimplementedusingdedicatedloadbalancersorsoftware-basedsolutions.-Benefits:-Improvedperformance:Distributestrafficevenly,reducingresponsetimes.-Highavailability:Reducestheriskofsinglepointsoffailure.-Scalability:Allowsthesystemtohandleincreasedtrafficbyaddingmoreservers.-Challenges:-Complexity:Implementingandconfiguringloadbalancingcanbecomplex.-Cost:Dedicatedloadbalancerscanbeexpensive.-Maintenance:Loadbalancersrequireregularmonitoringandmaintenance.3.Keyconsiderationswhendesigningasystemforhighavailability:-Redundantcomponents:Useredundantservers,networklinks,andpowersuppliestoensurecontinuousoperation.-Failovermechanisms:Implementfailovermechanismstoautomaticallyswitchtobackupsystemsincaseoffailures.-Datareplication:Replicatedataacrossmultiplelocationstoensuredataavailability.-Regularbackups:Performregularbackupstorecoverdatain