托福真题难点题目及答案

托福真题难点题目及答案

一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分）1.Whichofthefollowingisthebestdefinitionof"sustainabledevelopment"?A.EconomicgrowthatanycostB.EnvironmentalprotectionwithouteconomicgrowthC.DevelopmentthatmeetstheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneedsD.DevelopmentthatfocusesonlyontechnologicalinnovationAnswer:C2.WhatistheprimarypurposeoftheUnitedNations?A.TopromoteeconomiccompetitionamongmemberstatesB.TomaintaininternationalpeaceandsecurityC.ToregulatethetradepoliciesofmemberstatesD.TooverseetheeducationalsystemsofmemberstatesAnswer:B3.Whichofthefollowingisakeycharacteristicofdemocracy?A.AbsolutemonarchyruleB.LimitedpoliticalparticipationC.MajorityrulewithrespectforminorityrightsD.Centralizeddecision-makingAnswer:C4.Whatisthemaincauseofclimatechangeaccordingtoscientificconsensus?A.NaturalvariationsinsolarradiationB.IncreasedlevelsofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphereC.ChangesinoceancurrentsD.DeforestationAnswer:B5.WhichofthefollowingisaprimaryfunctionoftheWorldBank?A.ToregulateinternationaltradeB.ToprovidefinancialassistancetodevelopingcountriesC.TooverseeinternationalmonetarypolicyD.TomanageglobalpopulationgrowthAnswer:B6.WhatisthemainpurposeoftheHumanRightsDeclaration?A.ToestablishinternationaltradeagreementsB.TopromoteeconomicdevelopmentC.ToprotectfundamentalhumanrightsworldwideD.ToregulateimmigrationpoliciesAnswer:C7.Whichofthefollowingisamajorchallengetoglobalhealth?A.OverpopulationindevelopedcountriesB.LackofaccesstohealthcareindevelopingcountriesC.IncreasedfundingformedicalresearchD.ReducedprevalenceofinfectiousdiseasesAnswer:B8.WhatisthemaingoaloftheParisAgreementonclimatechange?A.Tocompletelyeliminatecarbonemissionsby2030B.Tolimitglobalwarmingtowellbelow2degreesCelsiusabovepre-industriallevelsC.TopromotetheuseofrenewableenergysourcesD.ToestablishaglobalcarbonmarketAnswer:B9.WhichofthefollowingisakeyprincipleoftheUnitedNationsSustainableDevelopmentGoals?A.EconomicgrowthaboveallelseB.EnvironmentalprotectionwithouteconomicconsiderationC.EnsuringasustainablefutureforallD.CentralizedeconomicplanningAnswer:C10.WhatisthemainpurposeoftheInternationalCriminalCourt?A.ToregulateinternationaltradeB.ToprovidefinancialassistancetodevelopingcountriesC.ToprosecuteindividualsforwarcrimesandcrimesagainsthumanityD.TomanageglobalpopulationgrowthAnswer:C二、多项选择题（总共10题，每题2分）1.Whichofthefollowingarekeycomponentsofsustainabledevelopment?A.EconomicgrowthB.SocialinclusionC.EnvironmentalprotectionD.PoliticalstabilityAnswer:A,B,C2.WhatarethemaingoalsoftheUnitedNations?A.TomaintaininternationalpeaceandsecurityB.TopromoteeconomicandsocialdevelopmentC.ToprotecthumanrightsD.ToregulateinternationaltradeAnswer:A,B,C3.Whichofthefollowingarekeycharacteristicsofdemocracy?A.MajorityruleB.PoliticalparticipationC.ProtectionofminorityrightsD.AbsolutemonarchyAnswer:A,B,C4.Whatarethemaincausesofclimatechange?A.IncreasedlevelsofgreenhousegasesB.DeforestationC.NaturalvariationsinsolarradiationD.ChangesinoceancurrentsAnswer:A,B5.WhichofthefollowingareprimaryfunctionsoftheWorldBank?A.ToprovidefinancialassistancetodevelopingcountriesB.ToregulateinternationaltradeC.TooverseeinternationalmonetarypolicyD.TopromoteeconomicdevelopmentAnswer:A,D6.WhatarethemainpurposesoftheHumanRightsDeclaration?A.ToprotectfundamentalhumanrightsworldwideB.TopromoteeconomicdevelopmentC.ToestablishinternationaltradeagreementsD.ToregulateimmigrationpoliciesAnswer:A7.Whichofthefollowingaremajorchallengestoglobalhealth?A.LackofaccesstohealthcareindevelopingcountriesB.OverpopulationindevelopedcountriesC.IncreasedfundingformedicalresearchD.ReducedprevalenceofinfectiousdiseasesAnswer:A8.WhatarethemaingoalsoftheParisAgreementonclimatechange?A.Tolimitglobalwarmingtowellbelow2degreesCelsiusabovepre-industriallevelsB.TopromotetheuseofrenewableenergysourcesC.Tocompletelyeliminatecarbonemissionsby2030D.ToestablishaglobalcarbonmarketAnswer:A,B9.WhichofthefollowingarekeyprinciplesoftheUnitedNationsSustainableDevelopmentGoals?A.EnsuringasustainablefutureforallB.EconomicgrowthaboveallelseC.EnvironmentalprotectionwithouteconomicconsiderationD.CentralizedeconomicplanningAnswer:A10.WhichofthefollowingareprimaryfunctionsoftheInternationalCriminalCourt?A.ToprosecuteindividualsforwarcrimesandcrimesagainsthumanityB.ToregulateinternationaltradeC.ToprovidefinancialassistancetodevelopingcountriesD.TomanageglobalpopulationgrowthAnswer:A三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分）1.Sustainabledevelopmentfocusesonlyoneconomicgrowth.Answer:False2.TheUnitedNationsisprimarilyfocusedonpromotingeconomiccompetitionamongmemberstates.Answer:False3.Democracyensuresabsolutepoliticalpowerforthemajority.Answer:False4.Climatechangeisprimarilycausedbynaturalvariationsinsolarradiation.Answer:False5.TheWorldBankisprimarilyfocusedonregulatinginternationaltrade.Answer:False6.TheHumanRightsDeclarationaimstopromoteeconomicdevelopment.Answer:False7.Lackofaccesstohealthcareindevelopingcountriesisnotamajorchallengetoglobalhealth.Answer:False8.TheParisAgreementaimstocompletelyeliminatecarbonemissionsby2030.Answer:False9.TheUnitedNationsSustainableDevelopmentGoalsprioritizeeconomicgrowthaboveallelse.Answer:False10.TheInternationalCriminalCourtisprimarilyfocusedonregulatinginternationaltrade.Answer:False四、简答题（总共4题，每题5分）1.Whatarethemaincomponentsofsustainabledevelopment?Answer:Sustainabledevelopmentconsistsofthreemaincomponents:economicgrowth,socialinclusion,andenvironmentalprotection.Itaimstomeettheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.2.WhatarethemaingoalsoftheUnitedNations?Answer:ThemaingoalsoftheUnitedNationsaretomaintaininternationalpeaceandsecurity,promoteeconomicandsocialdevelopment,andprotecthumanrights.Itservesasaplatformformemberstatestocollaborateonglobalissuesandworktowardsamorepeacefulandprosperousworld.3.Whatarethekeycharacteristicsofdemocracy?Answer:Thekeycharacteristicsofdemocracyincludemajorityrule,politicalparticipation,andtheprotectionofminorityrights.Itensuresthatpowerisvestedinthehandsofthepeople,whoexerciseitthroughelectedrepresentatives.Democracyalsoupholdstheprinciplesoffairness,equality,andrespectforindividualfreedoms.4.Whatarethemaincausesofclimatechange?Answer:Themaincausesofclimatechangearetheincreasedlevelsofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere,primarilyduetohumanactivitiessuchasburningfossilfuels,deforestation,andindustrialprocesses.Thesegasestrapheatandcontributetothewarmingoftheplanet,leadingtovariousclimate-relatedphenomena.五、讨论题（总共4题，每题5分）1.Discusstheimportanceofsustainabledevelopmentinaddressingglobalchallenges.Answer:Sustainabledevelopmentiscrucialinaddressingglobalchallengesasitprovidesaholisticapproachthatconsiderseconomic,social,andenvironmentalfactors.Bypromotingbalancedgrowthandresourcemanagement,itaimstocreateamoreequitableandresilientworld.Sustainabledevelopmenthelpsmitigateclimatechange,reducepoverty,protectbiodiversity,andensureabetterfutureforall.2.DiscusstheroleoftheUnitedNationsinmaintaininginternationalpeaceandsecurity.Answer:TheUnitedNationsplaysavitalroleinmaintaininginternationalpeaceandsecurity.Throughitsvariouspeacekeepingmissions,diplomaticefforts,andconflictresolutioninitiatives,itstrivestopreventandresolveconflictsaroundtheworld.TheUNprovidesaplatformfordialogueandcooperationamongmemberstates,fosteringpeacefulresolutionsandpromotingstabilityonaglobalscale.3.DiscussthesignificanceoftheHumanRightsDeclarationinprotectingfundamentalhumanrights.Answer:TheHumanR