第02讲名词短语形容词短语副词短语（寒假复习讲义）（原卷版）

第02讲名词短语、形容词短语&副词短语（寒假复习讲义）内容导航考点聚焦：归纳核心考点&中考/高考考点，有的放矢重点速记：重难点梳理，查漏补缺，即时巩固复习提升：真题感知&综合提升专练，全面突破重点01名词短语名词短语、形容词短语&副词短语知识点精讲短语是由两个或两个以上的词构成、没有完整句子结构但有一定语法功能的语言单位。名词短语、形容词短语、副词短语是英语中最基础的三类短语，核心作用是在句中分别充当名词、形容词、副词的角色。一、名词短语（NounPhrase,NP）1.核心定义是一种短语结构，其中心词为名词，其他词或短语围绕该名词对其起到修饰、限定、说明等作用，整体在句子中的功能相当于名词，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。核心公式：修饰语+中心词（名词/代词）2.常见修饰语类型（1）形容词修饰名词（2）冠词/数词/代词修饰名词（3）介词短语修饰名词（4）分词短语/不定式短语修饰名词（5）定语从句修饰名词3.结构精讲：结构类型例句句子成分形容词+名词a

beautifulflower一朵美丽的花宾语：Ipickedabeautifulflower.冠词+数词+名词thethreelittleboys那三个小男孩主语：Thethreelittleboysarerunning.代词+名词myfavoritebook我最喜欢的书主语：Thethreelittleboysarerunning.名词+介词短语agirlinred穿红衣服的女孩宾语：Isawagirlinredjustnow.名词+分词短语hegirlsinginginthepark主语：Thegirlsingingintheparkismysister.限定词+名词thepen这支笔主语：Thepenishere.名词所有格+名词mymother'scar我妈妈的车主语：Mymother'scarisred.动名词+名词readingroom阅览室主语：Readingroomisfullofpeople.不定式+名词waytosolvetheproblem解决问题的办法宾语：Wefoundthewaytosolvetheproblem.4.特殊情况：只有中心词的名词短语单个名词或代词本身也可视为最简名词短语，例如：Sheisastudent.（she

是代词作主语，最简名词短语）Ilove

music.（music

是名词作宾语，最简名词短语）重点02形容词短语二、形容词短语（AdjectivePhrase,AdjP）1.核心定义以形容词为中心词，加上修饰语（状语）构成的短语，在句中主要作定语、表语、宾语补足语。核心公式：修饰语+中心词2.常见修饰语类型（1）副词修饰形容词（2）介词短语修饰形容词（3）不定式短语修饰形容词（4）从句修饰形容词典型例句结构类型例句例句副词+形容词veryhappy非常开心表语：Sheisveryhappytoday.副词+副词+形容词quiteextremelytired相当疲惫定语：Theextremelytiredworkerwenthomeearly.形容词+介词短语afraidofdogs怕狗表语：Mylittlebrotherisafraidofdogs.形容词+不定式短语gladtoseeyou很高兴见到你表语：Iamgladtoseeyou.4.注意事项形容词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰名词之后（单个形容词作定语一般放名词前）。正确：aboy

tallenough（一个足够高的男孩）错误：atallenoughboy重点03副词短语三、副词短语（AdverbPhrase,AdvP）1.核心定义以副词为中心词，加上修饰语（状语）构成的短语，在句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。核心公式：修饰语+中心词2.常见修饰语类型（1）程度副词修饰副词（2）介词短语作副词短语（3）不定式短语作副词短语（4）从句作副词短语3.典型例句结构类型例句修饰对象副词+副词veryquickly非常快地修饰动词：Herunsveryquickly.副词+副词+副词quitesurprisinglyfast相当惊人地快Thecardrovequitesurprisinglyfast.介词短语（表方式/时间/地点）inahurry匆忙地修饰动词：Sheleftinahurry.介词短语（表时间）atsixo'clock在六点钟修饰动词：Wewillmeetatsixo'clock.不定式短语tohelpyou为了帮你修饰动词：Icameheretohelpyou.4.易混点区分介词短语≠副词短语，但部分介词短语可作副词短语（表方式、时间、地点时）。介词短语：onthetable在桌子上→作副词短语修饰动词：Thecupisputonthetable.非副词短语：ofyou你的→只能作定语，如afriendofyou四、三类短语核心区别对照表类别中心词句中功能修饰语特点名词短语名词/代词主语、宾语、表语、定语形容词、冠词、数词、介词短语等形容词短语形容词定语、表语、宾补程度副词、介词短语、不定式等副词短语副词状语（修饰动词/形容词/副词）程度副词、介词短语、不定式等真题感知一、单项选择1.（2425高一下·广东深圳·期中）Ihaveatight________forthetrip,soI’mnotgoingtoflyunlesstheairlineslowerticketprices.A．arrangement B．credit C．duty D．budget2．（2425高一下·浙江杭州·期末）Thoselivingin________canfinditdifficulttoaffordnecessitieslikehousingorfood.A．reality B．advance C．poverty D．pain3.（2425高一下·黑龙江大庆·期末）Thisprojectwillbepletedon______thissummer.A．schedule B．design C．option D．memory（2425高一下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）TheAfricaathleteracedwithjustoneshoeonandherrightfoot________.A．rare B．bare C．mere D．tire5．（2425高一下·广东深圳·期末）Thenewtechnologywillreducethecostofproduction,makingtheproductmoreaffordableforeveryone.A．accidentally B．occasionally C．hardly D．significantly6．（2324高一下·江西吉安·期末）Themanagerisstrictandcold,buthermanner_______setsheremployeesattheirease.A．immediately B．formally C．thankfully D．hopefully二、完形填空（2526高一下·山东枣庄·期中）AfewnotablemomentsfrommymostrecentvolunteeringattheChildren’sHospitalneverescapeme.Afterwehad1withthenurses,Dr.TinyandIwenttoourfirstroom,insidewhichwereamotherandatwoyearoldboy.Thisyoungboywas2onthebed,jumpingupanddown.Momlookedatuswithasenseofexpectationandcuriosity.Shewastryingtocalmherson,butshecouldn’t.Dr.Tinypulledouthistooland3itthroughtheaircreatingbubbles(肥皂泡)infrontofthechild.Ihada4withme.Istartedtoplaygentle,5music.Aswedidthis,theyoungboywatchedthebubbleswithhiseyes,andbegantorock6gentlytothemusic.Heslowlyreachedouthishandto7thebubbles.Weglancedoveratthemomandnoticedthatshe,too,hadbee8.Later,wewalkedintoanotherroomattheEmergencyDepartment.Thepatientwasateenageboywhohadmetwithaterrible9,leavinghimunabletositup.10,hecouldraisehisheadwith11toseeusasweenteredtheroom.Hesawourguitar.“Playmeasong,”hesaid,“TheRedNoseReindeer.”Iquicklyadjustedmyguitar,12way...roat,andbegantosing,“Jinglebells,Jinglebells,Jinglealltheway...”Thepatientlookedupwithalookof13.Withasmile,hesaid,“PlayTheRedNoseReindeer,please!”Dr.Tinylookedatmeandsaid,“Youarestartingtoembarrassus.”IglancedatDr.Tinyandthepatient,14forgettingitwrongIbegantosingagain.AsDr.TinyandIsangthesong,thepatientsangalongandlaughed.“Thatwasagoodone!”heshouted15.1．A．checkedin B．settledfor C．appliedfor D．turnedup2．A．sleeping B．standing C．lying D．sitting3．A．waved B．clicked C．unfolded D．viewed4．A．suitcase B．piano C．guitar D．backpack5．A．lively B．sorrowful C．peaceful D．powerful6．A．upanddown B．backandforth C．farandnear D．hereandthere7．A．move B．raise C．place D．touch8．A．angrier B．quieter C．happier D．calmer9．A．adventure B．accident C．event D．occasion10．A．Therefore B．Meanwhile C．However D．Though11．A．pain B．confidence C．determination D．effort12．A．lowered B．changed C．used D．cleared13．A．confusion B．horror C．pleasure D．regret14．A．announcing B．appreciating C．apologizing D．considering15．A．crazily B．excitedly C．impatiently D．hopefully三、语法填空（2425高一下·山东青岛·期末）语法填空Thereareallkindsof1(festival)throughouttheworld，festivalstosatisfyandpleasetheancestors，tohonoursomefamouspeople2plenty.Forevents，andtoexpresspeople’sgratitudetotheGodforbringingthemayearofplenty.Forexample，JapaneseobserveObon,whenpeoplegotocleangravesandlightincenseinmemoryoftheirancestors.3India，October2isanationalfestivaltohonourMohandasGandhi，whohelpedIndiabeean4country.Andcountry.AndinChinatheSpringFestival,5iscelebratedinJanuaryorFebruary，isthe6(much)energeticandimportantbecauseitisafestivalthat7(look)forwardtotheingofspring.Whyareallthesefestivalseverywhere？Becauseduringthefestivals，peoplecangettogether8(eat)，drinkandhavefunwitheachother,9(forget)allthe10(day)strugglesanddemandsforawhile.一、单项选择1．（2425高一下·广东江门·期末）Bambooisa(n)______ofgreatpotential,andaverystrongmaterialaswell.A．source B．origin C．resource D．brand2．（2425高一下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）Hearingthathehadpassedtheexam,hesighedin________.A．sadness B．relief C．anger D．disappointment3．（2425高一下·浙江杭州·期末）Inlate2023,________winterstormshitthecity,causinggreatdamage.A．moderate B．violent C．mild D．virtual4．（2425高一下·陕西西安·期末）Dokeep________inanemergency,orthingswillgetevenworse.A．calm B．excited C．quiet D．silent5．（2425高一下·重庆·期末）Herresponsibilitiesatworkarenottoansweringphones;shealsotakescareofcustomerissues.A．limited B．likely C．related D．equal二、完形填空（2425高一下·福建福州·期末）Iwassittinginmyhighschoolclassroom,nervouslyknockingmypencilagainstthedeskasIwaitedforthestartoftheEnglishexam.Asthebellrang,1thebeginningoftheexam,myheartbeganto2up.Iopenedtheexambookletand3thequestions,whichseemedforeignandunfamiliar.Withtime4,inastateofpanic(惊慌),Ihurriedlywrotedownmyanswersandhandedinmypaperwithaheavyheart.Inthedaysthatfollowed,Icouldn’t5thefeelingoffailurethathungovermelikeadarkcloud.Butinthesadness,arealizationbeganto6me—Ihadfailed,yes,butIhadalsolearnedvaluablelessonsalongtheway.Successisnotfinal;failureisnot7.Itisthecouragetocontinuethat8.Armedwiththisnewfoundwisdom,IensuredthatIwoulddobetternexttime.I9thestudies,practicedpastexamsmoreeagerlythanusual,andheadedtomygoalwith10.Whenthetimecametoretaketheexam,Iwasready.Iapproachedeachquestion11,drawinguponthelessonsIhadlearnedfrommy12mistakes.Whentheresultswere13,thereitwas—myname,shiningbrightlyamongthelistof14students.Atthatmoment,allthehardwork,allthelatenightsandearlymornings,wereworthit.AndasIlookbackonthatsunnyafternooninthehighschoolclassroom,Iam15forthelessonsittaughtme,andthepersonithelpedmebee.1．A．signaling B．influencing C．replacing D．measuring2．A．awake B．bite C．erupt D．leap3．A．broughtup B．leftout C．lookedthrough D．setaside4．A．goingoff B．goingon C．runningout D．runningoff5．A．breathelifeinto B．giveriseto C．eupwith D．getridof6．A．stickto B．occurto C．attachto D．whisperto7．A．odd B．flexible C．deadly D．shallow8．A．appears B．responds C．counts D．survives9．A．absorbedmyselfinB．plainedmyselfaboutC．assistedmyselfwithD．taughtmyselfwith10．A．contribution B．observation C．determination D．explanation11．A．stressfully B．anxiously C．passively D．confidently12．A．future B．former C．instant D．present13．A．announced B．defended C．conducted D．improved14．A．energetic B．sensitive C．brave D．successful15．A．regretful B．grateful C．late D．eager三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Passage01（2425高一下·江苏镇江·期末）DrLinQiaozhi,whoisreferredto1the“motheroftenthousandbabies”,dedicatedherlifetomedicalscienceandwomen’shealth.At18,deeplyaffectedbyhermother’sdeath,she2(choose)tostudyinsteadoffollowingthetraditionalpathof3(marry).AftergraduatingfromPekingUnionMedicalCollege,shebecamethefirstwomanresidentphysicianintheOBGYNdepartment.Yearslater,despite4(offer)opportunitiesabroad,shewasdeterminedtoservewomenandchildreninChina,5impressedherAmericancolleagues.Duringthewar,sheopenedaclinicandtreatedpoorpatientsforfreeratherthanmakingprofitsbecausewhatshevaluedmostwashelpingothers.Itisclearthatherlifereflects6truevalueofadoctorputtingpatientsfirst.DrLinQiaozhiheldmanyimportantpositions,butherheartwas7(strong)drawntopatientcare.Sheoftenwentlateatnighttodeliverababyforapoorfamily.8shenevermarried,shedeliveredover50,000babies.Herbook9(intend)forwomenwasverypopularforitgaveusefulinstructionsonhowtocareforbabies.Sheevenlefthersavingstoakindergartenandafund,10(show)herlastingcareforothers.Passage02（2425高一下·安徽合肥·期末）TheChinesemusicalSuDongpo,whichpremieredin2024andtourednationwide,wasstagedattheTianqiaoPerformingArtsCenterinBeijingfromJune6to8.Thestory1(center)onthelifeofChinesepoetSuShi,alsoknownasSuDongpo,oftheSongDynasty(9601279),oneofChina’smost2(recognize)culturalicons.ProducedbyChinaOrientalPerformingArtsGroup,themusicaltellsaboutthepoet’sfouryearsspentinHuangzhou,nowHuanggang,inHubeiprovince.Suandhisfamilyenduredaharshexistencethere,making33livingbyfarming.Despitehis4(challenge)circumstances,Su’sloveforliteratureandartisticcreation5(remain)unwavering(不动摇的).Hisoptimismwas6(evident)showninhispoems,depictinghisexperiences.With25originalsongs,the7(produce)portraystheculturalgiant’stransformation,fromthedepthsofpoliticaldespair8aspiritualrebirth.Oneoftheproduction’s9(highlight)isthemusicalstagedebutofactorZ