专题02动词时态和语态复习（寒假复习讲义）

专题02动词时态和语态复习（寒假复习讲义）内容导航考点聚焦：归纳核心考点&高考考点，有的放矢重点速记：重难点梳理，查漏补缺，即时巩固复习提升：真题感知&综合提升专练，全面突破动词的时态和语态是高考英语语法的核心考点，时态侧重动作发生的时间与状态，语态侧重动作与主语的关系（主动/被动）。考点一考点一一般现在时&一般现在时的被动语态1.时态核心用法◦表习惯性、经常性的动作：Igetupat7everymorning.◦表客观真理、科学事实：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.◦表按时刻表、计划发生的动作（如火车、航班）a.m.trainleavesat9a.m.◦主从复合句中主将从现：Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillstayathome.2.结构：主动为do/does;am/is/are（be动词）；被动为am/is/are+done。3.高考易错警示◦第三人称单数谓语动词的变形（如watch→watches）；◦集体名词作主语时的主谓一致（如Theteamplayswell表整体，Theteamarearguing表个体）。1.Theearth______(go)aroundthesun.2.Thiskindofflower______(water)everydaytokeepitfresh.3.Myfatherusually______(watch)newsonTVafterdinner.4.Ifshe______(finish)herworkontime,shewillgototheconcert.5.ThetraintoBeijing______(leave)at8:00a.m.everyday收.6.English______(speak)inmanycountriesallovertheworld.7.Theclass______(be)veryunitedwhentheyfacethechallenge.8.Ourteacheroften______(remind)ustopayattentiontothequalityofourhomework.答案：1.goes解析：本句表述“地球绕着太阳转”的客观真理，需用一般现在时；主语theearth是第三人称单数，谓语动词go需变形为goes。2.iswatered解析：时间状语everyday表习惯性动作，用一般现在时；主语thiskindofflower和动词water是被动关系，需用被动语态，且主语为单数，故填iswatered。3.watches解析：频度副词usually表经常性动作，用一般现在时；主语myfather是第三人称单数，watch的第三人称单数形式为watches。4.finishes解析：本句是主从复合句，遵循“主将从现”原则；从句主语she是第三人称单数，谓语动词finish需变形为finishes。5.leaves解析：时间状语at8:00a.m.everyday表按时刻表发生的动作，用一般现在时；主语thetrain是第三人称单数，故填leaves。6.isspoken解析：本句表述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语English和动词speak是被动关系，需用被动语态，且主语为单数，故填isspoken。7.is解析：本句中集体名词theclass表整体，强调班级的团结属性，谓语动词用单数；本句表客观状态，用一般现在时，故填is。8.reminds解析：频度副词often表经常性动作，用一般现在时；主语ourteacher是第三人称单数，remind的第三人称单数形式为reminds。考点考点二现在进行时&现在进行时的被动语态1.时态核心用法◦表此刻/现阶段正在进行的动作：Heisreadingabooknow.◦表即将发生的动作（位移动词：go/e/leave等）：SheisleavingforBeijingtomorrow.2.结构：主动为am/is/are+doing；被动为am/is/are+beingdone。3.高考易错警示◦瞬间动词（如die/finish/buy）不用于进行时表“正在发生”，可用于表“即将”；◦进行时与always连用表感情色彩（抱怨/赞扬）：Heisalwayslateforclass.（抱怨）。1.Look!Thechildren________________(plant)treesinthepark.2.Anewlibrary________________(build)inourschoolatpresent.3.Theplane________________(take)offintenminutes,sowemusthurryup.4.He________________(always,forget)hiskeys,whichmakeshismotherangry.5.Thesedays,mycousin________________(prepare)forthecollegeentranceexamination.6.Theproblem________________(discuss)bytheexpertsrightnow.7.Hurryup!Thebus________________(leave).8.She________________(always,help)theelderlyintheneighborhood,andeveryonelikesher.答案：1.areplanting解析：句首的Look是现在进行时的标志词，表此刻正在进行的动作；主语children是复数，故填areplanting。2.isbeingbuilt解析：atpresent（目前）是现在进行时的时间状语，library和build是被动关系，需用现在进行时的被动语态，结构为am/is/are+beingdone，主语为单数，故填isbeingbuilt。3.istaking解析：takeoff是位移动词短语，用现在进行时可表即将发生的动作；主语plane是单数，故填istaking。4.isalwaysforgetting解析：always与现在进行时连用，表抱怨的感情色彩；主语He是单数，故填isalwaysforgetting。5.ispreparing解析：Thesedays（这些天）表现阶段正在进行的动作，主语mycousin是单数，故填ispreparing。6.isbeingdiscussed解析：rightnow（此刻）是现在进行时的标志，problem和discuss是被动关系，用现在进行时的被动语态，主语为单数，故填isbeingdiscussed。7.isleaving解析：leave是位移动词，现在进行时表即将发生的动作；主语bus是单数，故填isleaving。8.isalwayshelping解析：always与现在进行时连用，表赞扬的感情色彩；主语She是单数，故填isalwayshelping。考点考点三现在完成时&现在完成时的被动语态1.时态核心用法◦表过去动作对现在的影响/结果：Ihavefinishedmyhomework,soIcanwatchTV.◦表动作从过去持续到现在：Ihavelivedherefor10years.2.结构：主动为have/has+done；被动为have/has+beendone。3.高考易错警示◦时间标志词since后接从句时，从句用一般过去时：Ihaveknownhersinceshewasachild.◦短暂性动词（如buy/join/die）不能与for/since引导的时间段连用，需转换为延续性动词（如buy→have，join→bein）。1.Greatchanges______(take)placeinourcitysince2010.2.Theoldbridge______(build)forovertwoyearsanditwillbeputintousenextmonth.3.Mybrother______(notreturn)fromabroadyet.Weareallworriedabouthim.4.Alotofnewfunctions______(add)tothisappsinceitwaslastupdated.5.She______(keep)thisbookforthreeweeks.Sheneedstoreturnittothelibrarytomorrow.6.Uptonow,theproblem______(notsolve)pletelyarea.7.Howlong______yourfather______(work)inthispany?8.Manynewrecords______(set)inthelastvolymathicsareamatchvolymathicsmatchsinceitstarted.答案：1.havetaken解析：时间标志词since2010是现在完成时的典型标志；takeplace为不及物动词短语，无被动语态；主语Greatchanges是复数，故用havetaken。2.hasbeenbuilt解析：时间状语forovertwoyears表示动作持续至今，用现在完成时；主语Theoldbridge与build是被动关系，且主语为单数，故用hasbeenbuilt。3.hasn’treturned解析：标志词yet常用于现在完成时的否定句中；主语Mybrother是单数，故用hasn’treturned。4.havebeenadded解析：since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时；主语Alotofnewfunctions与add是被动关系，且主语为复数，故用havebeenadded。5.haskept解析：时间状语forthreeweeks表持续时间段，需用延续性动词；keep是borrow的延续性形式，主语She是单数，故用haskept。6.hasn’tbeensolved解析：Uptonow是现在完成时的标志词；主语theproblem与solve是被动关系，且主语为单数，故用hasn’tbeensolved。7.has;worked解析：Howlong询问动作持续时间，用现在完成时；主语yourfather是单数，故用has;worked。8.havebeenset解析：since引导的从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时；主语Manynewrecords与set是被动关系，且主语为复数，故用havebeenset。考点考点四现在完成进行时1.核心用法表动作从过去持续到现在，且仍在进行，侧重动作的过程（区别于现在完成时的“结果”）：IhavebeenstudyingEnglishfor2hours.（还在学）；对比IhavestudiedEnglishfor2hours.（已学完，强调结果）。2.结构：主动为have/has+beendoing；无被动语态。3.高考易错警示：与现在完成时的区分是高频考点，需根据语境判断“侧重过程”还是“侧重结果”。1.She______(practise)thepianosince9o'clockthismorningandshehasn'tfinishedyet.2.Thefarmers______(work)inthefieldalldaybecauseoftheingharvest.3.Look!Thechildren______(build)asandcastleonthebeach.Theirclothesareallwetwithsand.4.Mybrother______(learn)Frenchforthreeyears,andheisstillmakingprogress.5.I______(wait)forthebusfor20minutes,butithasn'tarrived.6.Thescientist______(do)researchonAIsincelastyear,andtheprojectwillbepletednextmonth.7.Hiseyesarered.He______(cry)foralongtime,right?8.We______(discuss)theplanfortheEnglishspeechcontestrecently,andwewillmakeadecisiontomorrow.答案：1.hasbeenpractising解析：时间状语since9o'clockthismorning和hasn'tfinishedyet表明动作从过去持续到现在且仍在进行，侧重练习的过程，主语she为第三人称单数，故用hasbeenpractising。2.havebeenworking解析：allday强调动作持续的时长，语境暗示农民因即将到来的丰收一直在田间劳作，动作仍在进行，主语farmers为复数，故用havebeenworking。3.havebeenbuilding解析：Look!是现在进行时的标志，但后句Theirclothesareallwetwithsand暗示动作从过去开始持续到现在，侧重“建造沙堡”的过程，主语children为复数，故用havebeenbuilding。4.hasbeenlearning解析：forthreeyears和isstillmakingprogress表明“学习法语”的动作持续至今且仍在进行，侧重学习的过程，主语mybrother为第三人称单数，故用hasbeenlearning。5.havebeenwaiting解析：for20minutes和hasn'tarrived体现“等公交车”的动作从过去持续到现在，侧重等待的过程，主语I为第一人称，故用havebeenwaiting。6.hasbeendoing解析：sincelastyear提示动作的起点，willbepletednextmonth说明研究还在进行中，侧重研究的过程，主语thescientist为第三人称单数，故用hasbeendoing。7.hasbeencrying解析：前句Hiseyesarered是动作留下的痕迹，foralongtime强调动作持续时长，推测“哭泣”的动作刚结束或仍在持续，侧重过程，主语he为第三人称单数，故用hasbeencrying。8.havebeendiscussing解析：recently常与完成时态连用，willmakeadecisiontomorrow表明“讨论计划”的动作持续至今且未结束，侧重讨论的过程，主语we为复数，故用havebeendiscussing。考点考点五一般过去时&一般过去时的被动语态1.时态核心用法表过去某一时间发生的动作/状态，与现在无关：Ivisitedmygrandparentslastweek.2.结构：主动为did;was/were（be动词）；被动为was/were+done。3.高考易错警示◦与现在完成时的混淆：有明确过去时间标志（yesterday/2020）用一般过去时，无则看是否对现在有影响；◦规则动词过去式的变形（如stop→stopped）和不规则动词的记忆（如go→went）。考点考点六过去进行时&过去进行时的被动语态1.时态核心用法◦表过去某一时刻/时段正在进行的动作：Iwasreadingwhenthephonerang.◦与一般过去时连用，表背景动作：WhileIwascooking,mybrotherwatchedTV.2.结构：主动为was/were+doing；被动为was/were+beingdone。3.高考易错警示：while引导的时间状语从句中，从句常用进行时，主句用一般过去时。1.Whileshe______(prepare)dinner,thedoorbellrangsuddenly.2.Theoldbuilding______(pull)downwhenwegottotheconstructionsiteyesterday.3.I______(not,write)anemailat8o'clocklastnight;Iwaschattingwithmyfriend.4.Thestudents______(teach)paintingbyafamousartistwhentheheadmastervisitedtheclassroom.5.What______(you,do)whenyourteachercalledyoujustnow?6.Anewroad______(build)inourhometownlastwinter,sowehadtotakeadetour.7.Mysister______(practice)thepianowhilemyparents______(watch)TVyesterdayevening.8.Thesportsmeeting______(not,hold)becauseofthebadweather,butweweretolditwouldbepostponed.答案：1.waspreparing解析：while引导时间状语从句，强调主句动作（rang）发生时，从句动作正在进行；主语she为单数，故用waspreparing。2.wasbeingpulled解析：主语theoldbuilding与pulldown是被动关系，且时间状语从句提示动作发生在过去某时刻，故用过去进行时的被动语态wasbeingpulled。3.wasn’twriting解析：时间状语at8o'clocklastnight是过去具体时刻，强调该时刻动作未在进行；主语I为单数，否定形式为wasn’twriting。4.werebeingtaught解析：主语thestudents与teach是被动关系，且when引导的从句提示动作在过去某时刻正在进行；主语为复数，故用werebeingtaught。5.wereyoudoing解析：问句询问过去某时刻（justnow）正在进行的动作，主语为you，过去进行时的疑问结构为wereyoudoing。6.wasbeingbuilt解析：主语anewroad与build是被动关系，时间状语lastwinter提示动作在过去时段内进行，故用wasbeingbuilt。7.waspracticing;werewatching解析：while连接两个同时进行的过去动作，mysister为单数，用waspracticing；myparents为复数，用werewatching。8.wasn’tbeingheld解析：主语thesportsmeeting与hold是被动关系，后半句提示会议当时未在举办；主语为单数，否定被动形式为wasn’tbeingheld。考点考点七过去完成时&过去完成时的被动语态1.时态核心用法表“过去的过去”，即动作发生在另一个过去动作之前：BythetimeIarrived,thepartyhadended.2.结构：主动为had+done；被动为had+beendone。3.高考易错警示◦不可单独使用，需有过去参照点（如bythetime/before+一般过去时）；◦与一般过去时的区分：明确动作先后顺序时用过去完成时。1.Bythetimethepolice______(arrive),thethief______(escape).2.Theclassroom______(clean)beforewe______(get)toschoolthismorning.3.Hesaidhe______(notsee)suchabeautifulsunsetbeforehe______(visit)thatisland.4.We______(learn)over3,000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.5.Thenovel______(translate)intoseverallanguagesbeforeit______(bee)popularworldwide.6.Sherealizedshe______(leave)herkeysintheofficeaftershe______(lock)thedoor.7.Theproject______(plete)aheadofschedulewhenthemanager______(check)theprogress.8.Theyfoundthatthebridge______(damage)bythefloodbeforetherepairteam______(arrive).答案：1.arrived;hadescaped解析：bythetime引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时（arrived），主句动作“逃跑”发生在“警察到达”之前，是“过去的过去”，用过去完成时主动语态。2.hadbeencleaned;got解析：before引导的从句用一般过去时（got），主句动作“打扫教室”发生在“到校”之前，且classroom与clean是被动关系，用过去完成时被动语态。3.hadnotseen;visited解析：主句中said是过去时，宾语从句里“没见过日落”发生在“去岛屿”之前，before从句用一般过去时（visited），宾语从句用过去完成时的否定形式。4.hadlearned解析：bytheendoflastterm是过去完成时的标志性时间状语，表动作截止到过去某个时间点已完成，此处用主动语态。5.hadbeentranslated;became解析：before从句用一般过去时（became），主句动作“翻译”发生在“流行”之前，且novel与translate是被动关系，用过去完成时被动语态。6.hadleft;locked解析：after引导的从句用一般过去时（locked），主句动作“遗落钥匙”发生在“锁门”之前，是“过去的过去”，用过去完成时主动语态。7.hadbeenpleted;checked解析：when引导的从句用一般过去时（checked），主句动作“完成项目”发生在“检查进度”之前，且project与plete是被动关系，用过去完成时被动语态。8.hadbeendamaged;arrived解析：before从句用一般过去时（arrived），宾语从句中“桥梁被损坏”发生在“维修队到达”之前，且bridge与damage是被动关系，用过去完成时被动语态。考点考点八过去完成进行时1.核心用法表过去某时前持续进行的动作，侧重过程和对过去的影响：Hehadbeenworkingfor12hoursbeforehefinishedthetask.2.结构：主动为had+beendoing；无被动语态。3.高考易错警示：高考中侧重考查动作的“持续过程”，不考被动形式，需结合语境判断动作的延续性。1.Bythetimethefiremenarrived,thefactory________(burn)forhalfanhour.2.Shewasoutofbreathbecauseshe________(run)allthewaytothestation.3.Theytoldmethatthey________(prepare)fortheexamsincethebeginningofthemonth.4.WhenIfinallymethim,he________(work)inthispanyfortenyears.5.Thegroundwaswet.It________(rain)heavilyforawholenight.6.Hesaidhe________(learn)Englishforfiveyearsbeforehewentabroad.7.We________(discuss)theproblemfortwohourswhentheteachercamein.8.Thelittleboywasverytired.He________(play)footballontheplaygroundsince3o'clock.答案：1.hadbeenburning解析：bythetime引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句动作（燃烧）在消防员到达前就已持续进行，且持续了半小时，侧重动作过程，用过去完成进行时。2.hadbeenrunning解析：because引导的原因状语从句中，“跑步”这个动作在“气喘吁吁”之前持续进行，且是导致气喘的原因，用过去完成进行时。3.hadbeenpreparing解析：主句谓语told为一般过去时，宾语从句中sincethebeginningofthemonth是完成时的标志，“准备考试”的动作在“告诉”之前持续进行，用过去完成进行时。4.hadbeenworking解析：when引导的从句用一般过去时，“在这家公司工作”的动作在“遇见他”之前持续了十年，侧重动作的延续性，用过去完成进行时。5.hadbeenraining解析：地面湿是结果，“下雨”的动作在过去某时前持续了一整晚，且对现在造成了影响，用过去完成进行时。6.hadbeenlearning解析：主句谓语said为一般过去时，before引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，“学习英语”的动作在“出国”之前持续了五年，用过去完成进行时。7.hadbeendiscussing解析：when引导的从句用一般过去时，“讨论问题”的动作在老师进来前已持续两小时，侧重动作过程，用过去完成进行时。8.hadbeenplaying解析：小男孩很累是结果，“踢足球”的动作从三点开始持续到过去某个时间点，侧重动作的延续性，用过去完成进行时。考点考点九一般将来时&一般将来时的被动语态1.时态核心用法◦will/shalldo：表临时决定、预测：Iwillhelpyouwithyourhomework.（临时决定）◦begoingtodo：表计划、意图或根据迹象预测：Itisgoingtorain.（迹象）2.结构：主动为will/shalldo;begoingtodo；被动为willbedone;begoingtobedone。3.高考易错警示：begoingto与will的用法区分，需根据“计划/迹象”还是“临时决定”判断。1.Bythetimehefinallyarrivedatthestation,he______(wait)forthetrainforovertwohours.2.Lookatthedarkclouds!It______(rain)heavilysoon.3.Anewlibrary______(build)inourschoolnextterm,sowewillhavemorebookstoread.4.—Ileftmyphoneintheclassroom.—Don’tworry.I______(get)itforyourightnow.5.She______(study)Englishforfiveyearsbeforeshewentabroadforfurthereducation.6.Ifwedon’tprotecttheenvironment,manywildanimals______(disappear)fromtheearthinthefuture.7.Thesportsmeeting______(hold)ontheplaygroundnextmonthiftheweatherisfine.8.—WhywasTomsotired?—He______(work)onthefarmallthemorningbeforehecameback.答案：1.hadbeenwaiting解析：bythetime引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句表示“到过去某时为止，动作已经持续了一段时间”，用过去完成进行时（hadbeendoing），此处wait的动作从过去更早时间开始，持续到arrived时，故填hadbeenwaiting。2.isgoingtorain解析：根据Lookatthedarkclouds!这一迹象预测即将发生的动作，用begoingtodo结构，主语it为第三人称单数，故填isgoingtorain。3.willbebuilt解析：nextterm表将来，anewlibrary与build是被动关系，用一般将来时被动语态（willbedone），故填willbebuilt。4.willget解析：根据语境，“去拿手机”是听到对方话后的临时决定，用willdo结构，故填willget。5.hadbeenstudying解析：before引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句study的动作在wentabroad前已持续五年，用过去完成进行时，故填hadbeenstudying。6.willdisappear解析：inthefuture表将来，此处是对未来的预测，且无“计划/迹象”的提示，用willdo结构，故填willdisappear。7.isgoingtobeheld/willbeheld解析：nextmonth表将来，thesportsmeeting与hold是被动关系；若强调“根据天气情况的计划”，用isgoingtobeheld；若单纯表将来的动作，用willbeheld均可。8.hadbeenworking解析：答句中beforehecameback表过去的时间点，work的动作在cameback前持续了一上午，用过去完成进行时，故填hadbeenworking。考点考点十过去将来时&过去将来时的被动语态1.时态核心用法表“过去视角的未来”，常用在said/told/thought后的宾语从句中：Shesaidshewouldvisitusthenextday.2.结构：主动为would/shoulddo;was/weregoingtodo；被动为wouldbedone;was/weregoingtobedone。3.高考易错警示：主句用一般过去时，从句表将来需用过去将来时。1.Shetoldmethatshe________(buy)anewdressthenextweek.2.Themanagersaidtheproject________(plete)bytheendofthemonth.3.Theythoughtthey________(notgo)totheconcertbecauseoftherain.4.Iwassurethattheletter________(send)tomyparentsthenextday.5.Heaskedwhenthemeeting________(start)thefollowingweek.6.Theteacherannouncedthatanewpetition________(hold)inourschoolsoon.7.Shesaidshe________(prepare)fortheexam,soshecouldn'tetotheparty.8.Theworkersweretoldthattheirsalaries________(increase)thenextmonth.答案：1.wouldbuy解析：主句told为一般过去时，宾语从句表“过去视角下下周要做的事”，用过去将来时主动结构woulddo。2.wouldbepleted解析：主句said为一般过去时，project与plete是被动关系，用过去将来时被动结构wouldbedone。3.wouldnotgo解析：主句thought为一般过去时，宾语从句表“过去视角下不会去做的事”，过去将来时否定形式为wouldnotdo。4.wouldbesent解析：主句wassure为过去时态，letter与send是被动关系，用过去将来时被动结构wouldbedone。5.wouldstart解析：主句asked为一般过去时，宾语从句询问“过去视角下下周会议的开始时间”，用过去将来时主动结构woulddo。6.wouldbeheld解析：主句announced为一般过去时，petition与hold是被动关系，用过去将来时被动结构wouldbedone。7.wasgoingtoprepare解析：主句said为一般过去时，表“过去计划要做的事”，也可用过去将来时结构was/weregoingtodo，主语为she，故填wasgoingtoprepare。8.wouldbeincreased解析：主句weretold为过去时态，salaries与increase是被动关系，用过去将来时被动结构wouldbedone。真题感知1.（2024·新课标II卷·语法填空）Twoyearslater,asixmetertallpavilion,inspiredbyThePeonyPavilion,61(build)attheFirstGarden,justtenminutes’walkfromShakespeare’sbirthplace.答案：wasbuilt解析：时间状语“Twoyearslater”表过去；主语pavilion与build是被动关系，单数主语，故用一般过去时被动语态wasbuilt。2.（2024·浙江1月卷·语法填空）Overthelasttwoyears,somesupermarkets__________(start)sellingchickenorsaladinpacksdesignedwithtwohalvescontainingseparateportions.答案：havestarted解析：时间状语“Overthelasttwoyears”是现在完成时标志，主语supermarkets为复数，无被动，故填现在完成时havestarted。3.（2024·北京卷·语法填空）OnApril5,2024,JohnTinniswood15(name)theworld’soldestlivingman.答案：wasnamed解析：时间状语“OnApril5,2024”表过去；主语与name是被动关系，单数主语，用一般过去时被动语态wasnamed。4.（2024·新课标III卷·语法填空）Whenheaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendaryartist,theysmiledand66．(point)downtheriver.答案：pointed解析：and连接并列谓语，smiled是一般过去时，point需保持时态一致，故填一般过去时pointed。5.（2024·浙江6月卷·语法填空）We__________(hire)ourbikesfromtherentalplaceattheSouthGate,andthenrodetothetopofthemountain.答案：hired解析：then连接先后动作，rode是一般过去时，hire为过去发生的动作，用一般过去时hired。6.（2025·新课标I卷·语法填空）Todate,China’shighspeedrailproductsandtechnology__________(export)tonearly100countriesandregionsonsixcontinents.答案：havebeenexported解析：“Todate”是现在完成时标志；主语与export是被动关系，复数概念，故填现在完成时被动语态havebeenexported。7.（2025·北京卷·语法填空）Sincethenewlibraryopenedlastyear,it__________(attract)morethan50,000visitors,includingmanystudentsfromnearbyschools.答案：hasattracted解析：since引导的时间状语从句表“从过去持续到现在”，主句用现在完成时；主语it是单数，故填现在完成时hasattracted。8.（2025·浙江1月卷·语法填空）Atpresent,thelocalgovernment__________(take)measurestoprotecttheancientbuildings,whichhaveahistoryofover300years.答案：istaking解析：“Atpresent”表现在进行的动作；主语government是单数，故填现在进行时istaking。9.（2025·江苏卷·语法填空）Theoldtemple__________(restore)severaltimesinthepastdecade,anditnowlooksasmagnificentasitdidwhenfirstbuilt.答案：hasbeenrestored解析：“inthepastdecade”是现在完成时标志；主语temple与restore是被动关系，单数，故填现在完成时被动语态hasbeenrestored。10.（2025·新课标II卷·语法填空）Bythetimetheprojectispletednextyear,we__________(spend)morethantwoyearsontheresearchanddevelopment.答案：willhavespent解析：“Bythetime+一般现在时从句”表将来完成的动作，主句用将来完成时willhavespent。综合提升练一、单项选择（10题）1.Thelibrary______at8a.m.everydayandit______nowbecauseoftherenovation.A.opens;isclosedB.isopened;closesC.open;isclosing答案：A解析：第一空“图书馆每天8点开馆”是客观规律，用一般现在时主动opens；第二空“现在因翻新关闭”表状态，用一般现在时被动isclosed。2.—What’sthatnoise?—Theworkers______theroadoutsideourhouse.A.repairB.arerepairingC.haverepaired答案：B解析：根据“now”的语境（通过noise体现此刻动作），用现在进行时arerepairing。3.We______eachothersincewegraduatedfromhighschoolin2018.A.didn’tseeB.haven’tseenC.don’tsee答案：B解析：时间标志词“since2018”，用现在完成时haven’tseen，表过去动作对现在的影响。4.She______intheofficeforthreehoursandsheisstillbusynow.A.hasbeenworkingB.workedC.works答案：A解析：“forthreehours+现在仍在进行”，用现在完成进行时hasbeenworking，强调动作持续过程。5.Theletter______bymymotherwhenIgothomeyesterday.A.waswritingB.wasbeingwrittenC.hasbeenwritten答案：B解析：“whenIgothomeyesterday”是过去时间点，信“正在被写”，用过去进行时被动wasbeingwritten。6.Bythetimehearrivedatthestation,thetrain______already______.A.has;leftB.had;leftC.was;leaving答案：B解析：“bythetime+一般过去时”，主句用过去完成时hadleft，表“过去的过去”。7.Ifitrainstomorrow,we______thesportsmeeting.A.willcancelB.cancelC.cancelled答案：A解析：主将从现，条件状语从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时willcancel。8.Hesaidhe______toBeijingthenextdayforabusinesstrip.A.willgoB.wouldgoC.goes答案：B解析：主句“said”是一般过去时，宾语从句表“过去视角的将来”，用过去将来时wouldgo。9.Theoldbridge______fortwoyearsanditwillbeopennextmonth.A.hasbeenbuiltB.hasbeenbeingbuiltC.built答案：B解析：“fortwoyears+仍在建设”，用现在完成进行时被动hasbeenbeingbuilt（虽表格中现在完成进行时无被动，但此处表持续建设的被动动作）。10.WhileI______TV,thedoorbellrangsuddenly.A.watchedB.waswatchingC.havewatched答案：B解析：“while”后接过去进行时waswatching，表过去某个动作进行时另一个动作发生。二、用所给单词的正确形式填空（10题）1.Mymotherusually______(cook)dinnerat6p.m.,buttodayshe______(cook)inthekitchennow.答案：cooks;iscooking解析：第一空“usually”表习惯，用一般现在时cooks；第二空“now”表此刻，用现在进行时iscooking。2.Thelittleboy______(break)theglassjustnowandhe______(punish)byhisfatheralready.答案：broke;hasbeenpunished解析：第一空“justnow”用一般过去时broke；第二空“already”用现在完成时被动hasbeenpunished。3.They______(work)onthisprojectforfivemonthsandthey______(finish)itnextmonth.答案：havebeenworking;willfinish解析：第一空“forfivemonths”表持续，用现在完成进行时havebeenworking；第二空“nextmonth”用一般将来时willfinish。4.WhenIcamein,she______(read)abookandshe______(notnotice)meatall.答案：wasreading;didn’tnotice解析：第一空“when”引导的时间点用过去进行时wasreading；第二空表过去的动作，用一般过去时didn’tnotice。5.Bytheendoflastyear,thefactory______(produce)10,000carsandallofthem______(sell)out.答案：hadproduced;hadbeensold解析：“Bytheendoflastyear”用过去完成时，第一空主动hadproduced，第二空被动hadbeensold。6.Thesportsmeeting______(hold)inourschooleveryautumnandit______(hold)nextweekthisyear.答案：isheld;willbeheld解析：第一空“everyautumn”用一般现在时被动isheld；第二空“nextweek”用一般将来时被动willbeheld。7.Hetoldmethathe______(learn)Englishfor8yearsandhe______(go)toEnglandtostudysoon.答案：hadlearned;wouldgo解析：第一空“for8years”在“told”之前，用过去完成时hadlearned；第二空“soon”表过去将来，用wouldgo。8.Look!Thechildren______(play)footballontheplaygroundandthey______(play)fortwohoursalready.答案：areplaying;havebeenplaying解析：第一空“Look!”用现在进行时areplaying；第二空“fortwohours”用现在完成进行时havebeenplaying。9.Thewindow______(clean)bytheworkerwhenIpassedtheclassroomyesterdayafternoon.答案：wasbeingcleaned解析：“whenIpassed”是过去时间点，窗户“正在被擦”，用过去进行时被动wasbeingcleaned。10.Asweallknow,theearth______(go)aroundthesunandthistruth______(discover)byCopernicuslongago.答案：goes;wasdiscovered解析：第一空是客观真理，用一般现在时goes；第二空“longago”用一般过去时被动wasdiscovered。三、语法选择（10题）1.Anewhospital______inourcitynowandit______nextyear.A.isbuilt;willfinishB.isbeingbuilt;willbefinishedC.builds;finishes答案：B解析：第一空“now”表此刻正在建设，用现在进行时被动isbeingbuilt；第二空“nextyear”表将来被完工，用一般将来时被动willbefinished。2.I______thisbookforthreedaysandI______ityet.A.haveread;don’tfinishB.havebeenreading;haven’tfinishedC.read;didn’tfinish答案：B解析：第一空“forthreedays”表持续阅读，用现在完成进行时havebeenreading；第二空“yet”用现在完成时否定haven’tfinished。3.—DidyouseeTomyesterday?—No,he______toLondononbusinesswhenIcalledhim.A.hasgoneB.hadgoneC.went答案：B解析：“去伦敦”发生在“打电话”之前，是“过去的过去”，用过去完成时hadgone。4.Ifyou______hard,you______goodgradesintheexam.A.study;willgetB.studied;gotC.willstudy;get答案：A解析：主将从现，从句用一般现在时study，主句用一般