1-专题九　定语从句

专题九定语从句高考

英语新高考专用体系透视重难透析目录1.限制性定语从句VS非限制性定语从句2.关系代词与关系副词的选择关系代词3.宜用that不用which的情况4.宜用which不用that的情况5.who、whom、whose的区别6.as的用法介词+关系代词7.“介词+关系代词”结构8.“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选用关系副词9.where的用法10.way作先行词时关系词的选用五年高考三年模拟定语从句在句子中起定语的作用,功能上相当于形容词,用于修饰名词或代词。

定语从句分为限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。定语从句的难点在于如何准确

判断应该使用关系代词还是关系副词,以及关系代词that与which的区别。

1.限制性定语从句VS非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰、限制作用,是先行词不可缺少的

定语,如果省略,所修饰的先行词往往不明确,因此

前面不用逗号非限制性定语从句为先行词提供补充信息,起附加说明作用,即使去

掉也不会影响先行词的明确性,常用逗号与主句隔

开;除用于对具体事物补充信息外,还可以是针对

整个主句内容的说明Allresearchersknowthefamousagriculturalscientistwhohasmadegreatcontributionsto

solvingtheproblem.(若把从句去掉,则不知道是哪位科学家)所有的研究人员都知道这位著名的农业科学家,他为解决这个问题做出了巨大的贡献。AllresearchersknowthefamousphysicalscientistMadameCurie,whohasmadeagreat

discoveryinscience.(若把从句去掉,仍然知道是哪位科学家)所有的研究人员都知道著名的物理科学家居里夫人,她在科学上有一个伟大的发现。Thepresidentattendedthegraduationceremony,whichmadeallparticipantsdelighted.(针

对整个主句内容的说明)

总统出席了毕业典礼,大家都很高兴。2.关系代词与关系副词的选择定语从句该使用关系代词还是关系副词,关键在于去掉关系词后,句子是否缺少

主语、宾表、表语或定语。试比较:Isthisthefactorythat/whichyouvisitedlastyear?(visited是及物动词,缺少宾语)Isthisthefactorywhereyouworkedlastyear?(worked是不及物动词,后不缺定语)Isthisthefactorywhichyouworkedinlastyear?(lastyear是时间状语,介词in后缺少宾

语)Isthisthefactorywhereyouworkedin2023?(in2023是时间状语,worked是不及物动词,

后不缺宾语)关系代词3.宜用that不用which的情况情况示例当先行词是all、little、much、few、everything、

nothing、none等不定代词或被all、little、much、

few、every、no等修饰时Lincoln’sstepmotherdideverything

thatshecould

dotohelphimgetmorebooks.林肯的继母尽其所能帮他买更多的书。当先行词是形容词最高级或序数词或被形容词

最高级或序数词修饰时Thisisthemostawesomejourneythatthetourists

haveevertaken.这是游客们经历过的最棒的旅程。当先行词前有thelast、theonly、thevery、the

same、theright等词修饰时Theonlythingthatmattersisthatsafetyshouldbe

giventhehighestpriority.唯一重要的是安全应该被放在首位。情况示例当先行词既有人又有物时Latertheoldfriendstalkedofthingsandpersons

that

theyrememberedinhighschool.后来,老朋友们谈到了他们记得的高中时的事和人。当句中有两个定语从句时,若其中一个关系代词用了which,另一个关系代词应用thatThebusinessmanbuiltupasmallfactory,which

producedthingsthatweresuitableforchildren.这个商人建了一家小工厂,生产适合孩子们用的东西。4.宜用which不用that的情况(1)引导非限制性定语从句时Grammar,whichperhapsyoudonotlikeverymuch,canhelpyoutospeakandwritegood

English.或许你并不太喜欢语法,它却可以帮助你说出或写出好英语。(2)当先行词指物,且关系词前有介词时Feverisaconditioninwhichthebodytemperatureishigherthannormal.发烧是体温高于正常温度的一种状况。5.who、whom、whose的区别Thisisthemanwhobrokethelaw.(作主语,用who)这就是那个违法的人。Thisisthemanwhom/whoIdiscussedwith.(作宾语,who/whom均可)这就是和我讨论过的那个人。ThisisthemanwithwhomIdiscussed.(介词提到关系词之前时,只能用whom)这就是和我讨论过的那个人。Therearealargenumberofpatentexaminers,whoseonlyjobistoexaminewhetheryour

claimisvalidornot.(作定语,用whose)有一大批专利审查人员,专门负责审查你的专利申请是否有效。6.as的用法(1)as的基本用法①引导限制性定语从句时,常用于such...as、as/so...as、thesame...as结构。先行词既可

以指人又可以指物。as在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语。Theteacheraskedsuchadifficultquestionasnoonecouldanswer.老师问了一个没有人能答出来的难题。②引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词为整个主句,可表示与前面的情况相同。ItraveltoBinhaiNewAreabylightrailwayeveryday,asdomanybusinessmenwholive

indowntownTianjin.我每天乘轻轨去滨海新区,和住在天津市中心的许多商人一样。(2)as与which(引导非限制性定语从句)①as引导的从句可置于句首、句中或句末,而which引导的从句只能置于先行词后。Asweknow,theglobalwatershortageisbecomingincreasinglyseveremainlydueto

globalwarming.正如我们所知,全球水资源短缺正变得越来越严重,主要是由于全球变暖。②as引导非限制性定语从句时可以表达“正如”之意,而which无此意。AstheChinesephilosopherLaoZiwrote,“Ajourneyofathousandmilesbeginswitha

singlestep.”正如中国哲学家老子所写:“千里之行,始于足下。”易错易混

thesame...as...与thesame...that...ThisisthesamedictionaryasIlost.(同类不同物)这本词典和我丢的那本一样。ThisisthesamedictionarythatIlost.(同类同物)这是我丢的那本词典。介词+关系代词7.“介词+关系代词”结构①当介词放在关系代词前面时,关系代词常用which(指代物)或whom(指代人),并且不

能省略。Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.在黑暗的街道上,没有一个她可以求助的人。②“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时,可用与之意义对应的关系副词when、where、

why替换。Itdatesbackseveralthousandyearstotheuseoflonggu—animalbonesandshellsonwhich(=where)symbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.它可以追溯到数千年前

使用龙骨——动物骨头和贝壳的时期,中国古人在其上雕刻符号。8.“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选用“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选用,应根据先行词的搭配、从句中动词/形容

词的固定搭配以及从句的具体意义来确定。I’llneverforgetthetimeduringwhichIspentmychildhoodinthecountry.(duringthe

time)我永远不会忘记我在乡下度过童年的那段时光。ThemantowhomItalkedisourprincipal.(talktosb.)跟我说话的那个人是我们的校长。ThetwothingsaboutwhichTomwasnotsureweregrammarandidioms.(besureabout)汤姆没有把握的两件事是语法和成语。知识拓展

介词+关系代词+不定式“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句有时可以与“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构进

行转换。IwenttotheshopinwhichIboughtthepreciousgift.→Iwenttotheshopinwhichtobuythepreciousgift.我去了买那件珍贵礼物的商店。关系副词9.where的用法关系副词where的先行词除了可以是表示具体地点的词外,还可以是case、condi-

tion、part、point、situation、stage等表示抽象地点的词。It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituationwheretheycanseethemselvesdifferently.让孩子

们处在他们能以不同的方式看待自己的状况中是有帮助的。注意

occasion作先行词时,若指“时候;时刻;时机”,要用关系副词when;若指“仪式;

庆典;场合”,则要用关系副词where。Icanrememberveryfewoccasions

whenhehadtocancelthemeetingbecauseofillhealth.我记得他因健康状况不佳而被迫取消会议的情况绝无仅有。知识拓展

介词+关系副词有时为了表达清晰,可以在关系副词where或when前加介词。Thewretchedmanstoodatthetopofthehill,fromwherehecaughtsightofthewholecity

infire.这个可怜的人站在山顶上,从那里他看到了整个城市在大火中。Thebookwaswrittenin1946,sincewhentheeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreat

changes.这本书写于1946年,自那时起,教育体系发生了巨大变化。10.way作先行词时关系词的选用way作先行词且从句成分完整时,用that或inwhich,也可以省略关系词。Theway(that/inwhich)theengineersolvedtheseriousproblemisverygood.工程师解决这个严重问题的方法很好。1.Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andall

wasleftwaspurewater.

(2023新课标Ⅰ,B)2.Besides,workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo’sspecial

educationstudents,manyof

haveemotionalcontrolissues.

(2023新课标Ⅱ,B)3.EventhoughBritainhasareputationforless-than-impressivecuisine,itisproducing

moretopclasschefswhoappearfrequentlyonourtelevisionscreensand

recipebooksfrequentlytopthebestsellerlists.

(2023全国乙,C)五年高考thatwhomwhose4.It’stheonlyThairestaurant

ranksamongthetop10oftheworld’s50best

restaurantslist.

(2023全国甲,A)5.TheirrecoveryhasbeensosuccessfulthattheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicehastwice

attemptedtode-listgrizzlies,

wouldloosenlegalprotectionsandallowthem

tobehunted.

(2023全国甲,D)thatwhich6.They’reallsituations

wecouldusealittleextrapatience.

(2023全国甲,七选五)7.Ninarecentlyfinishedheryear-longseriesofrunsinChicago,

thousands

wereattendingawaterconference.

(2023北京,语法填空)8.SoIwasshockedwhen,notlongaftertheemail,ProfessorMaryDevon,

wasrunningtheprogramme,invitedmetoobservetheworkbeingdoneinherlab.

(2023

北京,B)wherewherewho9.Rankings,however,areonlyonereason

alowvalueisplacedonteaching

inhighereducation.

(2023北京,七选五)10.Additionally,fromtimetotimeIwillassigngroupworktobecompletedinclassor

shortassignmentstobecompletedathome,bothof

willbegraded.

(2022新高考Ⅰ,A)whywhich11.CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington,D.C.,

recoversfood

andturnsitintohealthymeals.

(2022新高考Ⅰ,B)12.“Thesweetspotinlifetostartexercising,ifyouhaven’talready,isinlatemiddle

age

theheartstillhasflexibility,”Levinesays.

(2022新高考Ⅱ,D)13.But

someresearchersfind,thefoodsystemisnotanequalone.

(2022北京,C)whichwhenas14.Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskills

can

beusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.

(2021新高考Ⅰ,D)15.Mylifeasatax-payingemployedpersonbeganinmiddleschool,

,for

threewholedays,Iworkedinabakingfactory.

(2021新高考Ⅰ,完形填空)that/whichwhen16.Infrontofthecafeisatourismhighway,

connectsthestorewithmany

artisticvillagesalongthemountainrange.

(2024福建漳州第二次质量检测)17.Forthose

wanttoexperiencethehustleandbustleofChengdu,Chunxi

RoadandTaikooLiinthecitycenterarethetopchoices.

(2024江西鹰潭一模)18.Nevertheless,itcontainslotsofideasbeyondthepassageoftime,someof

arestillrelevanttoday.

(2024安徽“江南十校”联考)三年模拟whichwhowhich19.SittinginQuanzhouCity,

theancientMaritimeSilkRoadstarted,ithas

soldlikehotcakesathomeandabroadsincetheSongDynasty.

(2024江苏镇江期初适应性练习)20.Manyofthechemicalsinfireworksarealsopersistentintheenvironment,

meanstheystubbornlysitthereinsteadofbreakingdown.

(2024河南重点高中第七次联考)wherewhich21.Craftsmencanmakeandprocessthecomponentsinadvanceandquicklyputthemto-

getheronsite,

issimpleandefficient.

(2024贵州六校联盟联考三)22.Inthetimes

theGrandCanal,aUNESCOWorldHeritageSite,directly

connectedBeijinginthenorthandHangzhouinthesouth,Anhuitradersfannedoutacross

China.

(2024安徽“皖南八校”第二次联考)23.Forthepastyear,alltheleftoverfoodwastefromtheschoolhasgoneintocomposting

containersratherthanalandfill

itwouldbeburiedandwouldproduceplanet-

warminggases.

(2024云南一模)whichwhenwhere24.However,noneofthe20,000spectators

madetheirwaytotheyear’sfinal

gamehadtopayfortheirtickets,andtheywerewelcometoenjoythegameincreative

ways.

(2024广东佛山一模)25.Someofthesearefamous,butSingaporehasonespecialway,

youmay

notknowabout.

(2024陕西铜川二模)who/thatwhich26.InsouthernChina,

theclimateiswarmerandthustherearen’tmanynatu-

rallyfrozenlakestoenjoy,peoplewillgotoindoorrinks(溜冰场)toenjoythewinterfun

instead.

(2024吉林延边一模)27.Shealsohadgreatinterestinastronomyandmathematicsandwrotepoems,commen-

taries,essaysandseverallongerworks,notallof

survive.

(2024浙江金丽衢十二校二模)28.TheChineselanguageisincreasinglybecomingtheverybond

links

friendlyrelationsbetweenChinaandtheworld,particularlySlovenia,andpromotesmutu-

alunderstandingandtrustbetweenChineseandSlovenianpeople.

(2024江苏南通海门第二次调研)wherewhichthat29.“ItwasindependentlydevelopedbyChinaandboastslowenergyconsumptionand

greateffectiveness,

canreducepowerconsumptionwhileincreasingsignal

transmissionefficiency,”theexpertadded.

(2024西南“3+3+3”诊断性联考一)30.ForthosewhocannotmakeittoGuanghan,

theextensivesiteofSanxing-

duiislocated,animmersiveexhibitionequippedwithdigitaltechnology,titledHello

Sanxingdui,offersanalternativemeanstobeawedbythemagnificenceofthisBronze

Ageculture.

(2024浙江杭州学军中学模拟)whichwhere31.Theartofboilingteaisatime-consumingprocess,

requiresconstantatten-

tiontothetemperatureinordertoproperly“cook”it.

(2024河南郑州一模)32.TheearliestbatchofteaisoftenreadytobepickedbeforeQingming,whichisob-

servedinearlyApril

thetemperaturebeginstoriseandrainfallincreases.

(2

024湖南衡阳一模)whichwhen33.Theteamisdevotedtoprotectingthe45,000squaremetersofmurals(壁画)andmore

than2,400paintedsculpturesofthe735cavesofthesite,theconstructionof

tookaboutathousandyears,fromthe4thcenturytothe14thcentury.

(2024湖南新高考教学教研联盟一模)34.Digitalizationhasmadeculturalheritagemoreaccessibletothepublic,particularlyto

peoplelivinginruralareas

wouldotherwisebeunabletovisitthesesitesin

person.

(2024东北三省三校一模)whichwho/that35.Theirvlogsshoweagerfoodenthusiastslininguponthestreets,manyof

traveledfromcitiesfaraway.

(2024江苏新高考基地学校第五次联考)36.Beeristhemostpopulardrinkamongmaledrinkers,

overallconsumption

issignificantlyhigherthanthatofwomen.whomwhose37.Later,therewasatime

theChinesepeopleweredividedgeographically,

leadingtomanyvarietiesofdialectsandchar