北京市丰台区2024-2025学年高二上学期期末英语试题 （ 含答案）

丰台区2024~2025学年度第一学期期末练习高二英语2025.01考生须知1.答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、班级、姓名、教育ID号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的教育ID号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。2.本次练习所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。3.请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在练习卷、草稿纸上答题无效。4.本练习卷满分共100分，作答时长90分钟。笔试（共三部分100分）第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。WhenIwasjustakid,mymotherwouldfrequentlytakemetoourlocalcommunitycentretoplaywithmyfriends.Onesunnyafternoon,whenwewereplayingoutside,oneofmyfriendsbroughtavisitingrelative,whoclungto(紧紧抓住)hiscousinlikeashadow,eyeswidewith____1____.Hehadaspeechimpediment(障碍)andcouldn’tgethismouthto____2____.Hecouldn’tevensaythenameofthetownwherehelived.Ihadneverseensomeonestutter(结巴)likethat.Ithoughthemusthavebeenjoking,soI____3____.Myfriendshotmeaconcernedglance,butmygiggles(咯咯笑)continued.Outofthecornerofmyeye,Isawmymotherlookingatmewitha(n)___4___I’dneverseenbefore.Itwasamixofhorror,anger,andshame,allfocusedonme,whichstoppedmylaughinginstantly.Shewavedmeoverwithseriousnessthatleftnoroomfor____5____.Shetoldmehowwrongitwastolaughatsomeone’sstruggle,andhowtherewasneveranexcuseforsuchbehavior.Sheaskedmetoapologizetotheboy,givehimahug,andtellhimthatIlovehim.Myheart____6____,amixofregretandfearofmypeers’judgementeatingawayatme.Butmymother’slook,asilentyetpowerfulforce,leftmenootheroption.Withtremblingsteps,Iapproachedtheboyandgavehima(n)___7___hug.IthinkI___8___himbygrabbinghimlikethat,butwhenherealizedthatIwastryingtohughim,hisbodyrelaxedandhehuggedmeback.“Uh...alsouh...Iloveyou...”ItriedtosayitasinsincerelyasIcouldgetawaywithandhalf-smiledasIspoke.Iwasstillhuggingtheboy,sohecouldn’tseetheunnaturallookonmyyouthfulface.Butthentheboyhuggedmetighterandwhisperedinmyear____9____,withoutastutterandwithouthesitation.“Iloveyou,too!”Therewassuchsoftnessand_____10_____inhisvoice,andjustlikethat,IthoughtIwouldstartcrying.1.A.nervousness B.determination C.confusion D.amazement2.A.respond B.move C.recover D.cooperate3.A.smiled B.laughed C.jumped D.screamed4.A.manner B.vision C.mood D.expression5.A.performance B.forgiveness C.improvement D.hesitation6.A.sank B.beat C.ached D.broke7.A.soft B.awkward C.formal D.strong8.A.inspired B.comforted C.shocked D.angered9.A.proudly B.modestly C.sincerely D.patiently10.A.confidence B.firmness C.courage D.calmness第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Bysendingseedsonshorttripsintospace,Chinaisdevelopingnewcropvarieties,____11____(contribute)totheadvancementofagriculturalscience.Thisprocessexposesseedstocosmicradiation(宇宙辐射),whichchangestheirgenesandleadstothecreationofnewvarietieswithgreaterdiversity.SinceChina’sfirstexperimentinAugust1987,thecountry____12____(send)seedsfromthousandsofplantspeciesintospaceusingsatellitesandspacecraft,____13____resultedinthedevelopmentofnearly1,000newplantvarieties,includinggrains,vegetablesandfruits.B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。ChocolatefanswillsoonbeabletocreateWillyWonka-styleroomsintheirhouse,usinganewly____14____(develop)chocolatepaint.Thespreadable“chocolatepaint”usesrealchocolate.IthasbeencreatedbypainttechniciansinScotlandanditcanbethinneddownbymixingwithwater.Peoplewhochoose____15____(decorate)theirwallswiththepaintwillneedtore-dothemregularlybecausethechocolate____16____(natural)fadesovertimeasitreactswithoxygenintheair.C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AyoungsupercyclerAleksandr,whois11yearsold,hasraisedmorethan£4,000____17____charityaftercycling217milesthroughSwitzerland’smountains.He____18____(inspire)totakeonthischallengeafterarecenttriptoSouthAfricawithhisfamily,wherehesaw____19____lessfortunatepeoplelived.Aleksandr’smoneywillgotowardsWorldVisionUK,acharitythatsupportschildrenaroundtheworld.Hesaidthatthecyclewasfullof____20____(difficulty)buthewantedtohelpimprovethelivesofotherchildren.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AUnitedNationsOnlineLeadershipTrainingProgramEventObjectivesTheUnitedNationsInstituteforTrainingandResearch(UNITAR)isdelightedtooffertheUNOnlineTrainingProgram.Itaimstooffertheglobalyouththechancetogainfirst-handexperienceoftheUnitedNationsandwillprovidethemwiththenecessaryknowledgeandskillstofullyunfoldtheirpotentialasgloballeaders.ParticipantsThisprogramisspeciallydesignedforuniversitystudents,highschoolstudentsandotherambitiousyoungleadersofsimilarbackground.ContentandStructureTheprogramconsistsofa4-weeke-learningcourse,including2differentmodules(模块),whichcanbestudiedinaself-pacedmanner.Module1:LeadershipSkillsModule2:TheSustainableDevelopmentGoalsThetotalnumberofonlinecourseswillbeabout5hoursperweek.Several1.5hourlive-webinars(线上研讨会)willbedeliveredthroughthee-learningplatformbyUNexperts.Additionally,therewillbeone3.5houre-workshopperweek.ParticipantshaveenoughchancestoexchangeviewswithexpertsandfellowstogainathoroughunderstandingoftheUnitedNations.MethodologyTheprogramwillberunfromUNITAR’se-learningplatform,whereannouncementsandrelevantlinkstoactivitieswillbeposted.Theplatformwillalsocontainonlinereadingmaterials,interactivequizzesaswellaspre-recordedvideos,whichparticipantsarefreetostudyanytime.RegistrationToregister,kindlyclickononeofthelinksbelowandfollowthesesteps:1.Ontheeventpage,clickon“registration”.Theprogramwillthenbeaddedtoyourshoppingcart.2.Clickonthe“checkout”buttonandchoosepaymentmethod:(i)creditcardor(ii)banktransfer.AdditionalinformationTheparticipantsareresponsibletoensuretheyareinpossessionofthebasicnecessaryhardware,softwareandconnectivitytoengageinonlinetrainingactivities.21.WhowouldbemostqualifiedfortheUNOnlineLeadershipTrainingProgram?A.Amiddle-agedofficialfromaUNmemberstate.B.AstaffmemberemployedbytheUnitedNations.C.Auniversitystudentwithaninterestinglobalissues.D.Anexperiencedprofessionalininternationalrelations.22.IntheUNOnlineLeadershipTrainingProgramparticipantswill_________.A.followstrictlearningschedules B.getchancestointeractwithothersC.takethecoursesforfree D.choosemodulesoftheirowninterest23.What’sthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Tointroducecoursearrangements.B.Topromoteaneducationalprogram.C.TohighlighttheimpactoftheUNprogram.D.Todiscusstheimportanceofleadershipskills.BMyschoolwasnestledinaremotevillageincentralSriLanka.WhenhandballwasintroducedtoSriLankanschoolsin2010,Iwantedtobringittomyschool.Asanewsport,Iforesawitasagoldenopportunityforourschoolaswehadneversecuredaplaceintraditionalsports.Agroupofboyswereimmediatelyinterestedand40studentssigneduptoplay.IhadthesupportoftheirparentsbutIstillcouldn’tconvincethesportsteachertoagree.Ultimately,Heshan,aboywhograduatedsomenineyearsearlier,agreedtocoachtheteam.Hewasamemberofahandballteamandheassignedexercisesanddrillstodoinhisabsence.Althoughhandballisanindoorgame,wetrainedoutdoorsasourschoolhadlimitedfacilities.Trainingstartedearlyinthemorningbeforeclassandcontinuedafterschooluntilitwasdark.Afterthreemonthsofwholeheartedtraining,wewereabletosendtheteamtocompetewith50otherschoolsattheall-islandschoolhandballtournamentheldinColombo—thecountry’smostpopulouscity.Ourboysplayedremarkablywellandreachedthesemifinals.Andthatwaswhentherealgamestarted.PeoplefromColomboschoolsjoinedforcesagainstus,sayingtheywouldn’tallowthecuptobetakenoutofColombo.Theyconsidereditashametoloseamatchagainstboysfromaruralvillageschoolwhocouldn’tevenspeakEnglish.EventherefereesfavouredtheColomboschools,resultinginourteambeingfarawayfromthevictorywedeserved.Defeated,theboysfelltotheground,sadanddisappointed.HeshanandIwereangry.Afewweeksafterthedefeat,HeshanandImetthenationalhandballcoachtodiscussourtreatmentbythereferees.HeapologisedandofferedtosendaKoreanprofessionalhandballcoachtoourschoolfortwoweeks’training.Thefollowingyear,nobodycouldstopourteamfromwinningtheall-islandschoolshandballchampionship.Unexpectedly,mediaattentionwasdrawntothetournament.AmemberoftheSchoolHandballAssociationinvitedmetoprovidecommentaryonthetournamentinEnglishonatelevisionchannel.IfoundthisratherironicthattheychoseateacherfromaremotevillageschooltoprovidecommentaryinEnglish.HeshanandIwereextremelyproudtohaveshowntheboysthatdreamscanbefulfilled.24.Whydidtheauthorintroducehandballtohisschool?A.Toimprovethestudents’sportsskills.B.Todemonstrateitsgrowingpopularity.C.Toraisetheschool’sreputationinsports.D.Tosecureopportunitiesfortraditionalsports.25.Whatwasthebiggestproblemtheteamencounteredduringthetournament?A.Notgainingfairtreatment.B.Nothavingenoughpractice.C.Notformingadesiredteamspirit.D.Notgettingenoughsupportfromparents.26.HowdidtheauthorfeelwhenhewasinvitedtocommentonTVchannel?A.Confusedbutgrateful. B.Astonishedbuthonored.C.Nervousbutconfident. D.Embarrassedbutfortunate.27.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage?A.Perseverancecanberewarded.B.Innovationisthesoulofprogress.C.Prejudiceisthechildofignorance.D.Crisismaystandinthewayofsuccess.CBeethoven’snotebooksshowthathespentcountlesshoursdevelopingandrevisingthemusicalideas.Itwasapainfulandall-consumingprocess.Beethovenwasalsothemostgiftedimproviser(即兴演奏者)ofhistime.Hewouldsitatthepianoandcreate,ondemand,beautifulandimposingcompositions.Beethovenillustratestwomodesofcreativity.Mostpeoplearefamiliarwiththefirsttype—thecreativestruggle—frompersonalexperience.Butthelatterkind—theflowstate—ismoreelusive.Researchersknewlittleaboutitsinnermechanisms,andthislackofunderstandinghinderedthedevelopmentoftechniquesfortrainingflowtoboostone’screativeproduction.InastudyatDrexelUniversity’sCreativityResearchLab,weaddressedthisgapbyposingabasicquestionaboutthenatureofcreativeflow:Doesitinvolveintenseconcentrationandhyperfocusedattention,ordoesitinvolvethereleaseofattentionand“lettinggo”?Ourstudyexaminedflowinthecontextofjazzimprovisation.Werecruited32jazzguitaristsforthestudy.Somewererelativenovices,whereasotherswerehighlyexperienced.Wedirectedthemtoimprovisesoloswhilelisteningtorecordedjazzaccompaniments.Notablythemostexperiencedmusiciansreported,onaverage,greaterintensityandfrequencyofflowstates.Thisfindingmakessensebecauseitishardtoimaginefeelingeffortlessattentionwhileperforminganunfamiliartask.Alsounsurprisingwasthat,onaverage,thejudgesratedtheexperts’improvisationsasmorecreativethanthenovices’improvisations.Next,toidentifybrainregionsassociatedwiththeflowstate,wecomparedbrainactivityduringhigh-flowperformanceswiththatduringlow-flowperformances.Onestrikingfindingwasthathigh-flowperformancewereassociatedwithreducedactivityinthebrain’sfrontallobes(大脑前额叶),whichareassociatedwithexecutivefunctionandcognitivecontrol.Thenwecomparedthemostexperiencedmusicianswiththeleastexperiencedones.Themostexperiencedparticipantsshowedactivityinanetworkofbrainareasassociatedwithhearingandvisionduringaflowstate—sensoryregionsthatwerenotactivatedinthelow-experiencemusicians.Soitseemsthatcreativeflowcanoccurwhentwoconditionsaremet.First,onehastogainexpertisebypracticingthetaskenoughtodevelopaspecializedbrainnetworkforperformingthattask.Second,onemustreleaseconsciouscontrolsothespecializednetworkcantakeoverandproduceideasonautopilot,withouttheperformeroverthinkingwhattheyaredoing.TheendresultmightnotbelikeaBeethovensonata(奏鸣曲).Butifyoucancreateitduringaflowstate,itwillbeyourbestwork,andyouwillenjoytheprocess.28.Whatdoestheword“elusive”underlinedinParagraph2probablymean?A.Worthyofpractice. B.Attractivetofigureout.C.Accessibletoachieve. D.Challengingtocomprehend.29.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Thesubjectsofthestudy. B.Astageofthestudy.C.Anassumptionofthestudy. D.Theobjectiveofthestudy.30.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudy?A.Flowisastateoflowcognitivecontrolratherthanhyperfocus.B.Flowstatehelpsaninexperiencedmusiciantoconcentrateeasily.C.Thebrain’sfrontallobesarelessactiveduringlow-flowperformance.D.Hearingandvisionnetworksareactivatedinlessexperiencedmusicians.31.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplaintwomodesofcreativity.B.Topresentthefindingsofastudyofflowstate.C.Toillustratehowtoenterastateofeffortlessattention.D.Tostresshowimportantitistocreatemusicduringaflowstate.DLife,itcouldbeargued,islikealonggameofblackjack.Inonecommonversionofthis,eachpersonisdealtwithtwoplayingcards.Theaimisforyourhandtoaddto21,orasclosetothisasyoucanget.Playercaneither“stick”withtheirexistinghandor“twist”—askingtobedealtanothercardtoaddtotheirtotal.Therisk,ofcourse,isthatyouexceed21andareeliminated.Thismaysoundfarremovedfromeverydaychoices,butmanyofourmostimportantlifedecisionsboildowntosuchdilemmas.ShouldIstayputortaketheleapandmovehouse?ShouldIremaininmyjoborstartmyownbusiness?Theinherentuncertaintyleavesmanyofusendingupstayinginthestatusquo,nevergivingourselvesthechancetowinbig.Perhapswecanlearnatrickfrom“maximisers”:individualswithastrongurgetofindtheoptimal(最佳的)outcomeforeverysituation.Theywouldbemorewillingto”twist”iftheircurrentoptionsaren’tworking.Andthisapproachtolifecertainlyhassomeadvantages.Forexample,amongasampleofstudentslookingforwork,maximisersendedupgettinga20%highersalarycomparedwith“satisficers”,peoplewhotendtochoosethefirstacceptableoption.Neverthelessinrealitytherearesimplytoomanyoptionstoweighuptheprosandconsofeverychoice.Naturalmaximiserscanfeelsooverwhelmedwiththeoptions,andtheyaretroubledbythedoubtthatasuperioroptionmightbeamongthosetheydidnotevaluate.Perhapsasaconsequence,theytendtosufferbadlyfromfeelingsofregretand”fearofmissingout”,whichaffectstheiroveralllifesatisfaction.Fortunately,atechniqueappearstotackletheproblem.Thestrategyisknownaspsychologicaldistancing,whichisakintotakingafly-on-the-wallviewofthings.Therearemanywaystoapplyit.Youmightimagineyouareadvisingaclosefriendinasimilardilemma,forexample,oryoucouldtrytopredicthowyouwouldviewthedecisionanditsconsequencesatsometimeinthemid-to-distantfuture.Previousresearchhasshownthatpsychologicaldistancingtechniquescontributetogreaterintellectualhumility,whichencouragespeopletoconsidermoresourcesofinformationbeforecomingtoajudgement.Thisapproachcanalsohelpusdealwiththeconsequencesofourbigdecisions.Whenusingpsychologicaldistancingtechniques,peoplearebetterabletoregulatetheiremotions—whichwemustdotoprocessthechoiceswehavemade.Inaddition,discussinglife’sdisappointmentsfromsuchadistancedperspectivehelpsusextractmeaningfromourexperiences.Thatshouldpreventyoubecomingimmersedinthefeelingsofregretthatcanfollowstick-or-twistdecisions.Aseveryoneknows,LadyLuckwon’tworkinyourfavourallthetime,nomatterhowsmartyourdecisionmakinghasbeen.Nevertheless,byapplyingthispsychologicalresearch,youcanmakethemostofyourhand—andtakegreaterpleasureinthethrillofthegame.32.Theauthormentions“maximisers”mainlyto_______.A.highlighttheadvantagesofmaximisersB.bringoutasoundwayofmakingchoicesC.illustratethedifficultyofdecisionmakingD.emphasizethevalueofinformeddecisions33.Whatcanbeinferredaboutpsychologicaldistancing?A.Intellectualhumblepeoplecanoptimizepsychologicaldistancing.B.Theincreasedpsychologicaldistancemayexposepeopletoafeelingofregret.C.Increasingpsychologicaldistanceassistsinformingaproperviewofnegativemoods.D.Emotionalregulationiscrucialintheapplicationofpsychologicaldistancingtechniques.34.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Thefirstchoiceshouldbeprioritized.BResolvingadilemmaensuresthechancetowinbig.C.Stick-or-twistdecisionsarevitalinreshapingpeople’sfuture.D.Lookingatthebiggerpictureresultsinbetterdecisionmaking.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。You’reNotPerfectImaginethatyouarefeelingdown.Someonewholovesyouwantstohelpbysayingsomethingreallyaffirming.Howabout“You’reperfectjustthewayyouare”?Thatsoundsnice!Infact,thisisperhapsthemostinsidious(暗中有害的)thingthatpeopletellus—orthatwetellourselves—whenwefeelsadorinsecure.____35____Thisiscalled“self-enhancementbias”,anditgivesrisetoallsortsofdistortions(曲解)inperception.Famously,backinthe1980s,researchshowedthatupto80percentofmotoristsconsideredthemselvestohaveabove-averagedrivingskills.Obviously,thiscannotbetrue—evenifyoupersistinbelievingitaboutyourself.Peoplealsotendtoratethemselvesmorehighlyonpositivemoraltraits.____36____Andtheytendtorateotherpeoplehigheronnegativetraitssuchasbeinglazy,cold,andinsincere.Thisisespeciallytrueforyoungandmiddle-agedadults,whorankthemselvesasbetter-than-averageonmultiplemeasures.____37____Soonerorlater,you’reboundtobeconfrontedwithapainfuladjustmenttothetruth.Forinstance,researchshowedthatwhencollegestudentsheldaninflated(过高的)viewoftheirownacademicability,itenhancedtheirmoodandpositiveaffect—thatis,theyenjoyedhappierfeelings.____38____Infact,thestudentstendedtofailattheiracademicexpectations,andthatinpartledtolowerself-esteemoverthelongterm.Sowefaceadilemmainlife:Wewanttofeelbetterandmakeothersfeelbetter,butpeople’stendencytodosothroughself-enhancementisashort-livedsolutionwithpossiblyenduringultimatecosts.____39____Acceptingyourimperfectionsishealthierthantryingtoconvinceyourselfthattheydon’texist.What’smore,treatingyourselfwiththiskindofcompassion(同情)makesyoumorecompassionatetowardothers.A.Thezoneofenjoymentmovesupasyouincreaseinskill.B.Butthatdidn’ttranslateintobetteracademicperformance.C.Onereasonisthatitactsasprotectionagainstthementalpain.D.Althoughself-enhancementfeelsgood,itisnotalong-termsolution.E.Theyarelikelytoseethemselvesashard-working,honest,andwarm.F.Wealwayshaveatendencytocompareourselvesfavorablywithothers.G.Thebestwayistoemphasizetoyourselfthatyouarenormalinimperfection.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共10小题；共10分）阅读下面文段，在设空处填入恰当的词或短语。请在答题卡指定区域作答。40.IfwhatIdoasateachercanhelpturnachildlikeGrahamintoasuccessfuladult,thenIknowwhatI’mdoingis________.(根据句意单词拼写)41.Mostpeoplebelievewhentheyareliving________andearningenoughmoney,they’llhavenoworries.(根据句意单词拼写)42.Ifyourdreamistobethebest,youhadbetterbetotally________toyoursport.(根据句意单词拼写)43.Althoughitisnotunusualforspeciestodieoutnaturally,therateatwhichthisisnowhappeningiscausefor________.(根据句意单词拼写)44.________exercisealsocutstheriskofheartdiseaseby50%.(根据句意单词拼写)45.MrBeanisaninternationally________comedycharacterinfilms.(根据句意单词拼写)46.Althoughlearningisagradualandpainfulprocess,Helenwasso________aboutit.(根据句意单词拼写)47.Knowledgeandunderstandingarethingstofightfor;morevitaltoaman,andmore________tomankind.(根据句意单词拼写)48.Readersofthebookusetheir________tovisualizecharacters.(根据句意单词拼写)49.Somepublicadvertisementsnowadaysaimtomakea________tosocietyandwelfareinsteadofsellingproductsandservicesforaprofit.(根据句意单词拼写)第二节（共2小题：第50小题3分，第51小题5分，共8分）阅读下面文段，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Educationgoesbeyondknowledge;itprovideslearnerswiththetoolstodevelopskills,tothinkforthemselvesandtocontinuelearningthroughouttheirlives.Forexample,educationcanhelpindividualsdevelopcriticalthinkingskills,whichwillpreventthemfromuncriticallyfollowingtraditionalwaysandwillenablethemtoactbasedonjudgement.50.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.▶Accordingtotheauthor,educationwilldiscourageindividualsfromcarefullyfollowingtraditionalwaysandwillhelpthemtakeactionbasedonjudgement.________________________________________________________________________________51.Reflectingonyourpersonalexperience,howareyoushapedbyschooleducation?(Inabout40words)________________________________________________________________________________第三节（14分）52.假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你校英语社团即将举办英语戏剧比赛。请你给外教MrJenson写一封邀请信，请他担任本次活动的评委。邀请信的内容包括本次活动的基本信息以及评委需要做的工作。词数100左右。_____________