定语从句知识点超全专项课件-高三英语二轮复习专项

HighSchoolEnglish定语从句专项学习AttributiveClausesSpecialTrainingContents课程目录01核心概念定语从句核心概念与构成02关系词用法关系词的分类与用法详解03句式分类限制性与非限制性定语从句04深度解析重点语法规则深挖05解题技巧定语从句易错题解题技巧06专项练习实战演练与答案解析01核心概念定语从句核心概念与构成CoreConcepts&Structure定语从句的定义与构成定义Definition定语从句是修饰名词或代词（即先行词）的从句，能让句子表达更丰富、精准。通过关系词连接主句和从句，关系词兼具连接作用与从句成分担当功能。核心构成CoreComponents1先行词Antecedent被定语从句修饰的名词/代词，可指代人、物、时间、地点、原因等2关系词RelativeWord分为关系代词和关系副词，选择取决于先行词类型及在从句中充当的句子成分典型例句Thegirlwhoisstandingthereismysister.站着的那个女孩是我的妹妹。ThisisthebookwhichIboughtyesterday.这是我昨天买的书。02关系词用法关系词的分类与用法详解RelativeWordsUsage关系代词全览关系代词指代对象从句中成分典型例句who人主语/宾语Thegirlwhoisstandingthereismysister.whom人宾语(正式)Themanwhomwetalkedtoisaprofessor.whose人/物定语(表所属)Thisisthestudentwhosemotherisadoctor.which物主语/宾语Thebookwhichisonthedeskismine.that人/物主语/宾语Thegirlthatwontheprizeismyclassmate.重要提示当先行词为不定代词(something,nothing)、被序数词/最高级修饰、被theonly/thevery等限定词修饰时，关系代词只能用that，不能用which。关系副词全览关系副词指代对象从句中成分典型例句when时间时间状语Istillrememberthedaywhenwefirstmet.我仍然记得我们第一次见面的那一天。where地点地点状语Thisistheparkwherewehadapicnic.这就是我们野餐的那个公园。why原因原因状语Thereasonwhyhewaslateisunknown.他迟到的原因不明。补充说明关系副词可替换为"介词+关系代词"的结构：when=on/in/atwhichwhere=in/at/onwhichwhy=forwhich03句式分类限制性与非限制性定语从句Restrictive&Non-restrictive两种定语从句的对比对比维度作用形式标点关系词例句限制性限定先行词，去掉后主句意思不完整与主句紧密连接，无逗号隔开无逗号关系代词作宾语时可省略Theteacherwhoteachesusmathisverykind.非限制性补充说明先行词，去掉后主句意思仍完整与主句用逗号隔开有逗号关系代词不能省略，且不能用thatMyfather,whoisaworker,likesfishing.关键区别：限制性从句提供必要信息，非限制性从句提供额外信息04深度解析重点语法规则深挖In-depthGrammarRulesthat/which用法核心区别只能用that的8种场景1.先行词被特定限定词修饰theonly,thevery,thelast,any,all,no等例：Heistheonlystudentthatpassedtheexam.2.先行词为特定不定代词all,everything,nothing,something,anything等例：Everythingthatwesawwasinteresting.4.先行词被序数词/最高级修饰例：ThisisthefirstbookthatIboughtinEnglish.5.主句以who/which开头例：WhoisthegirlthatistalkingtoTom?6.先行词作表语例：Heisnottheman(that)heusedtobe.7.先行词被并列连词连接8.先行词为way/time且作状语例：Thisistheway(that/inwhich)hesolvedtheproblem.只能用which的3种场景1.非限制性定语从句中，指代物或整个主句例：Thebook,whichIboughtyesterday,isveryuseful.2.介词+关系代词结构中，指代物例：Thisisthefactoryinwhichmyfatherworks.3.先行词为that/those时（避免重复）例：What'sthatwhichisshininginthesky?例：Wetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthatwevisited.3.先行词既有人又有物例：Boththepenandthenotebookthatshegavemearelost.who/whom用法规则1非限制性定语从句中，指代人who可作主语或宾语，不能用that例：Mysister,whoisadoctor,willcometoseeme.2介词+关系代词结构中，指代人介词后只能用whom，不能用who或that例：Thepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisourheadmaster.3特定指人不定代词作先行词，从句缺主语people,those,anyone,everyone,someone,noone等例：Anyonewhobreakstheruleswillbepunished.4therebe/herebe句型中，先行词为人从句缺主语时需用who例：Thereisaboywhowantstoseeyou.核心要点who用于指人，可作主语或宾语whom用于指人，只能作宾语，正式用法介词后必须用whom非限制性定语从句中不能用that定语从句vs同位语从句对比维度定语从句同位语从句核心作用修饰、限定先行词解释、说明先行词的具体内容先行词类型各类名词(人、物、时间、地点等)多为抽象名词(news,fact,idea,truth,hope等)关系词作用在从句中作主语、宾语、状语等成分仅起连接作用，不在从句中作成分that特殊性that作宾语时可省略that不可省略，无实际意义典型例句Thenewsthathetoldmeistrue.that在从句中作told的宾语Thenewsthatourteamwonistrue.that仅起连接作用，从句解释news的内容判断技巧判断that是否在从句中作成分：如果从句缺少主语、宾语或表语，that在从句中作成分，是定语从句；如果从句成分完整，that仅起连接作用，是同位语从句。主谓一致与介词搭配主谓一致规则核心原则定语从句的谓语动词单复数与先行词保持一致oneof+复数名词先行词为复数名词，从句谓语用复数例：HeisoneofthestudentswhoaregoodatEnglish.theonlyoneof+复数名词先行词为theonlyone（单数），从句谓语用单数例：HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoisgoodatEnglish.介词确定方法核心逻辑介词由先行词的搭配、从句谓语动词的搭配或句子逻辑含义决定1依据从句谓语动词的固定搭配例：HeistheboytowhomItalkedyesterday(talkto)2依据先行词的固定搭配例：Thisisthecityinwhichhewasborn(city与in搭配)3依据句子的逻辑含义例：ThisisthebaginwhichIputmybooks(inthebag)05解题技巧定语从句易错题解题技巧Problem-solvingSkills关系词选择核心判断法两步判断法先判"成分"，再定"指代"1分析定语从句缺少的句子成分·缺主语/宾语/定语→用关系代词·缺状语→用关系副词2结合先行词指代对象锁定关系词·指人→who/whom/that/whose·指物→which/that/whose易错例题Thisisthepark______wehadapicnic.分析：从句"wehadapicnic"主谓宾完整，缺地点状语，先行词是表地点的park→用where答案：where(或inwhich)"that"的专属使用场景先行词是不定代词something,nothing,anything,all,few等例：Allthatweneedistime.先行词被序数词/最高级修饰例：ThisisthefirstbookthatIreadinEnglish.先行词被theonly/thevery/thesame等修饰例：Heistheverymanthatwearelookingfor.先行词既有人又有物例：Ican'tforgetthepeopleandplacesthatIvisitedlastyear.whosevs"ofwhich/whom"whose表所属关系，可指代人或物若先行词是物，也可替换为"the+名词+ofwhich"或"ofwhich+the+名词"易混关系词对比辨析易混词区别例句when

vsthat/whichwhen在从句中作时间状语that/which在从句中作主语/宾语①Irememberthedaywhenwemet.(作状语)②Irememberthedaysthatwespenttogether.(作宾语)wherevsthat/whichwhere在从句中作地点状语that/which在从句中作主语/宾语①ThisistheschoolwhereIstudied.(作状语)whyvsthat/whichwhy在从句中作原因状语that/which在从句中作主语/宾语①Thereasonwhyhewaslateisclear.(作状语)②Thereasonthathegaveisnottrue.(作宾语)核心判断技巧判断从句是否缺少状语：如果从句主谓宾完整，通常缺少状语，用when/where/why；如果从句缺少主语或宾语，用that/which。②ThisistheschoolthatIvisited.(作宾语)06专项练习实战演练与答案解析Practice&SolutionsThegirlwho/thatiswearingareddressismycousin.练习一：用合适的关系词填空1.2.Thisisthefactorywhere/inwhichmyfatherworked10yearsago.3.Thebookwhosecoverisblueismine.4.Idon'tknowthereasonwhy/forwhichheleftearly.5.Thepenthat/which/不填

yougavemewritesverywell.6.Heistheonlystudentthatpassedtheexam.7.Myhometown,whichisinthesouthofChina,isverybeautiful.8.Istillrememberthetimethat/which/

不填wespenttogetherinthecountryside.解题要点指人who/whom/that/whose指物which/that/whose状语when/where/why所属whose练习二：选择题1.Thisisthemostinterestingstory______Ihaveeverread.()A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what2.Thegirl______wetalkedaboutjustnowisourmonitor.()A.whichB.whomC.whoseD.where3.Hehasthreesisters,______aredoctors.()A.allofwhomB.allofthatC.allofwhichD.allofwho4.Asweallknow,theearthisaplanet______goesaroundthesun.()A.whoB.thatC.whereD.why5.Thisisthehotel______westayedlastsummer.()A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.where6.Theman______sheismarriedisadoctor.()A.whomB.towhomC.withwhomD.which练习三：句型转换与合并句型转换1.Wevisitedthefactory.Myfatherusedtoworkthere.2.Thisisthereason.Heleftschoolforthisreason.→Thisisthereason

heleftschool.3.Thisisthebag.Iputmybooksinthebag.→Thisisthebag

Iputmybooks.4.Heistheperson.Iborrowedmoneyfromhim.→Heistheperson

Iborrowedmoney.5.Sheisthegirl.Shehelpedmeyesterday.→Sheisthegirl

helpedmeyesterday.合并句子1.Theboyismybrother.Heisplayingbasketballoverthere.2.Thisisthecity.Iwasborninthiscity.3.Iboughtanewphoneyesterday.Itspriceisveryhigh.4.Thefilmisveryinteresting.Wesawitlastnight.→Wevisitedthefactory

myfatherusedtowork.where/inwhich

why/forwhichinwhichfromwhomwho

Theboywho/thatisplayingbasketballoverthereismybrother.2.Thisisthecitywhere