必修四Unit2语法GrammarVing做主语和宾语

The–ingformastheSubjectandObjectGrammarV-ing的各种形式：（以动词do为例）时态语态主动被动一般式完成式doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone否定式

notdoing在时间上表示一个正在进行或与谓语动词同时发生或存在的动作和状态一般式：完成式：在时间上表示该动作先于谓语动词的动作或状态Excusemeformynotcomingontime.I’msorryfornothavingkeptmypromise.TheUseofthe–ingForm动名词(theGerund)

现在分词(thePresentParticiple)V-ing在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语、状语。V-ing主语宾语表语定语表语定语补语状语注意：1、动名词作主语表单数概念,谓语动词用单数形式。

Walkingaftersupperisgoodforyourhealth.2、动名词的复合结构作主语动名词的复合结构是指物主代词、名词所有格是动名词逻辑上的主语、动名词是其逻辑上的谓语。

Yourcomingmadeushappy.

Yourfather’scookingisverygood.指出-ing形式在下面句中的成分。Findingwaystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.Heenjoyslisteningtoviolinmusic.Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Themusicisexciting.Weheardhersinginginherroom.Beingill,shewentbackhome.主语宾语定语表语宾语补足语状语

1.Sincethen,findingwaystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.2.Heenjoyslisteningtoviolinmusic,playingmah-jong,swimmingandreading.3.Spendingmoneyonhimselfor

leadingacomfortablelifealsomeansverylittletohim.4.However,hedoesn’tcareaboutbeingfamous.Readthesentencesfromthereadingpassage.subjectsubjectobjectobject一、动词-ing形式作主语表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态,谓语动词通常用单数。如：1）Walkingisagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.2）Watching

newsonTVhasbecomearoutineforme.3）Going

to

Hangzhoubytraintakesabout16hours.4）Asking

awoman’sageisimpoliteinourcountry.动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。1)捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的.______________________issomethingweshouldneverdo．2)学习新单词对我来说非常重要。___________________isveryimportantforme．3)说比做容易。__________iseasierthandoing.PlayingtricksonothersLearningnewwordsSaying2.-ing形式作主语时常后置,此时须用it作形式主语,用形容词或名词作表语。常见的名词或名词短语有:nouse,nogood,fun,hardwork,ahard/difficultjob,awasteoftime等;形容词有:dangerous,worthwhile,useless,useful等如:It’snousemakinganexcuseforthis.为这件事找借口是没有用的。归纳:常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：It+be+awasteoftimedoing

做……是浪费时间的Itis/wasnogood/usedoing

做……是没用处的Itis/washardly/scarcelyworthdoing

做……不值得Itis/wasworth/worthwhiledoing

做……是值得的Thereisnodoing...

无法……;不允许……It’sawasteoftimetalkingaboutsuchauselessthing.谈论这样无用的事情简直是浪费时间。It’sdangerousswimmingintheseaonwindydays.有风的天气在海里游泳是危险的。Itisworthwhilediscussingthequestion.这个问题值得讨论。1)做出努力是值得的。

2)和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。_____________________________withShylock．3)跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。_______________________________________4)玩电子游戏是浪费时间。It'sawasteoftime____________________.ItisuselesstryingtoargueItisapleasureworkingwithyou．playingcomputergames.It’sworthmakingtheeffort．3.在therebeno...结构中作主语,这种结构的意思相当于“Itisimpossibletodo…”。

注意：Thereisnoneedtodosth干……没必要在此句式中todo不可换为doing

Hereisno

joking

aboutsuchmatter.Therewasno

knowing

whenhewouldleave.

Thereisnopointindoingso.这种事开不得玩笑。无法知道他什么时候离开那样做毫无意义。【注意】动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别：动词­ing形式作主语表示泛指的行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。作宾语时的情况也是如此。Playingwithfireisdangerous.玩火危险。(泛指)Becareful！Toplaywithfirewillbedangerous.小心点！玩火会带来危险。(指一具体动作)二、动名词用作宾语动名词作宾语有两种情况。1.只能后接动名词作宾语的动词,常见的有avoid,admit,appreciate,consider,enjoy，deny(否定),dislike,delay(延期),escape(逃避),excuse,

keep,finish,fancy(梦想),suggest,imagine,mind,miss,practise,risk(冒险),可接动名词作宾语的常见动词口诀：避免错过少延期(avoid,miss,postpone)建议完成多练习(advise,finish,practise)喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy,imagine,can’thelp)承认否定与嫉妒(admit,deny,envy)逃避冒险莫原谅(escape,risk,excuse)忍受保持不介意(stand,keep,mind)我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。Wemusttrytoavoidrepeatingthesamemistake．晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗?Doyoufeellikehavingawalkwithmeaftersupper?人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。Peoplecouldn’thelplaughingfoolishman．

need，demand，want，require在表示“需要”时，用v.­ing的主动形式表被动，或用不定式的被动形式。repairing.Thecarneedstoberepaired.这辆汽车需要修理。Thesickwomanrequiredtakinggoodcareof/tobetakengoodcareof.这位生病的妇女需要很好地照顾。(2)英语中有一些动词短语也常跟v.­ing形式作宾语,如:insiston(坚持)，objectto(反对)，begoodat，leadto，leaveoff(停止)，putoff，giveup，lookforwardto，feellike(想要)，devoteto(把……奉献给)，getusedto(习惯于)，payattentionto，cannothelp(禁不住),cannotstand

(受不了)等。2.既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词,常见的有:begin,start,continue,like,love,prefer,by,mean,forget，remember,hate等。A.在like,love,hate,prefer等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同,只是侧重点有些不同,动名词表示泛指的动作,不定式表示具体的一次性动作。B.在begin/start,continue之后,用动名词和不定式,意义无甚区别,尤其是当主语是人的时候。

C.在动词forget,remember,regret之后,用动名词与不定式意义不同。-ing表示动作已经发生,-todo表示动作还没发生；Irememberposting

theletter．I’ll

remember

to

post

theletter．Ishallnever

forget

seeing

thefamouswriter．Don’t

forget

to

write

toyourmother．I

regret

missing

thereport．I

regret

to

say

Ican’ttakeyouradvice．D.意义各不相同trytodo(设法)meantodo(打算,有意要做)trydoing(试试)meandoing(意思是,意味着)beusedtodoing习惯于做某事beusedtodo被用来做某事can’thelpdoing禁不住做某事can'thelptodo不能帮助做某事E.goondoing继续做一直在做的事;goontodo接着做另一件事。stopdoing停止做某事stoptodo停下正在干的事去干另一件事。1.Hestopped_______andhavearest.(smoke)2.Ioncetried_______French.(learn)3.Thiswordmeans________outatonce.(set)4.Ican’thelp__________theroom,forIamtoobusy.(clean)5.Iamusedto________early.(get)6.WehavefinishedPart1.Let’sgoon_________P2.(Learn)tosmoketolearnsettingtocleangettinguptolearn3.作介词宾语动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。A.介词+动名词,

如：我们得想些法子改变人们的习惯。We’vegottothinkofwaysofchanging

people’shabits.我向你道歉,刚才对你那样生气。Iapologizeforbeingsoangrywithyou.离开几年之后再回到你的家乡,感觉有点怪。Afterbeingawayforseveralyears,itisastrangeexperiencetoreturntothehometown.B.动词+介词+动名词,如：我坚持为这次出行带足需要的食物。Iinsistontakingproperfoodforthistrip．同学们脸上没有笑容,相反都做了怪脸。Insteadofsmiling,eachofthemmadeaface．她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。Shewasveryinterestedinworkingforourcompany．下列短语中的to都是介词,所以后面跟名词或-ing形式:devoteto,objectto,payattentionto,getdownto,leadto,lookforwardto,stickto,beusedto等。1.—Whatmadeyousoupset?—_____twoticketstothepopmusicconcert.A.Losing B.BecauseoflosingC.Tolose D.BecauseIhadlost2.Ican’timagine_______thatwiththem.A.do

B.todoC.beingdone

D.doingA考考你D

3.Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk____thegoodopportunity.A.tolose B.losingC.tobelost D.beinglost4.___isforbiddeninsidethepark.A.Tocycle B.WecycleC.AnyonecyclesD.CyclingBD5.Ican’tstand___withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses___talkingwhilesheworks.A.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.towork;tostop6.Theoldladyneeds____.A.lookafter B.tolookafterC.lookingafter D.beinglookedafterCC1.Ifyoucankeep________(read)Englishnewspapers,yourEnglishwillbeimproved.2.Hehaspromised__________(come)tomybirthdayparty.3.Ihate_________________(tell)lies!4.Iwillneverforget__________(go)toBeijingwithhimlastsummer.Iforgot________(tell)herthenews;sosheknewnothingaboutit.Completethesesentences:readingto

cometelling/to

tellgoingto

tell出国旅行是很激动人心的。Travellingabroadisveryexciting.2.在这儿等是没用的,我们走吧。It’snousewaitinghere.Let’sgo.3.我记得在哪里见过他。Irememberseeinghersomewhere.Translation

4.我后悔没听你的劝告。Iregretnotfollowingyouradvice.5.帮助别人就是帮助你自己。Helpingothersmeanshelpingyourself.Formoreexercises,clickhere.高考链接

(2005湖北卷)_____fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.Beingseparated B.Havingseparated C.Havingbeenseparated D.Tobeseparated2.(2005全国卷III)Thestormleft,______alotofdamagetothisarea.caused B.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcausedCD3.(2005山东卷)Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear,______arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereachingBFormoreexercises,clickhere.Let’stalkaboutourfriends!Rememberto

useVerb-ingasmuchaspossible.

…ishis/herjobeveryday.

He/She

enjoys…He/Sheis

interested

in…He/She

dreams

of…He/She

hates……makes

him/herhappy/sad.He/She

cares

about…Changchangisasmartboy.Playingmodelcarsishisfavourite.Andhealsolikesrunning.Itseemsplayingishisjobeveryday.Besides,heenjoystalkingsomuchthatitseemsthatheneverstopstalkinguntilhegoestosleep.Maybethatiswhyheisgoodattellingstories.用括号内动词的正确形式填空。It’snogood_______(try)toremembergrammaticalrules.Youneedtopracticewhatyouhavelearned.2.Hisillnesscouldmeanhim______(miss)nextweek’sgame.3.Wecanneverimagineher_______(pass)theexam,forshehasneverreviewedthelessons.4.Thesuspect(嫌疑犯)atlastadmitted

________(steal)thenecklace.5.Istillremember__________(take)toaconcertbyLiuDehuawhenIwasfive.trying

missing

passing

stealing

beingtaken1.Ittooktheworkmenonlytwohourstofinish_______mycar.A.repairingB.repairC.torepairD.repairedA选择最佳答案。2.Haveyouforgotten___$1,000frommelastmonth?Willyoupleaseremember___ittomorrow?A.borrowing;tobringB.toborrow;bringC.borrowed;bringingD.borrowing;bringingA3.Theclassroomneeds_____.A.cleanB.cleanedC.tocleanD.cleaning4.Jacksaidthathewouldn'tmind_____forus.A.towaitB.waitC.waitingD.waitedDC5.Mybrotherkeeps___mewithmywork.A.tohelpB.helpC.helpingD.helped6.Weshouldoftenpractise___Englishwitheachother.A.tospeakB.spokeC.speakD.speakingCD7.Keepon____andyouwillsucceed.A.atryB.tryC.totryingD.trying8.Hisparentsinsiston___tocollege.A.heshouldgoB.hegoC.hisgoingD.himtogoDC9.Thestorywassofunnythatwe___.A.couldn’thelplaughB.can’tbutlaughC.couldn’thelplaughingD.couldn’thelpbuttolaughC10.Thoughitsoundsabittoodear,itisworth______.A.beingboughtB.buyingC.tobuyD.buyingit11.Hedevotedhislifeto_____theatomictheory.A.studyB.bestudiedC.studyingD.havestudiedBC12.Wearebothlookingforwardto__nextweek.A.goingonvocationB.goonvocationC.begoingonvocationD.havegoneonvocationA13.Youmustpayattentionto___theworksofLuXun.A.readB.readingC.readerD.beread14.Youshouldworktonightinsteadof_____TV.A.towatchB.youwatchingC.youwatchD.watchingBD15.Themicroscopeisusedfor__minuteobjects.A.examiningB.beingexaminedC.examinedD.examine16.Mikehasgotused___uplateatnight.A.tositB.sitC.tosittingD.sittingAC17.Oncetheheartstops_____,deathfollowsatonce.A.beatingB.tobeatC.beingbeatenD.tobebeating18.Wearenowbusy_____fortheexamination.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.beingpreparedAB19.Iremembered____thispersonsomewherebefore.A.seeingB.havingbeenseenC.seenD.tosee20.Iregret____thattoher.Shemustbecryingnow.A.havingsaidB.tohavesaidC.tosayD.saidAA21.Thepatientmustbeseparatedtoavoid____others.A.beinginfectedB.infectingC.toinfectD.infected22.Yourclothesneed______.A.washedB.tobewashedC.towashD.beingwashedBB23._____providesuswithessentialnutrients(营养),while______providesuswithoxygen.A.Toeat;breathingB.Eating;tobreatheC.Eating;breathingD.Eaten;breathedC24.Heattended