【英语】高考英语高中英语阅读理解(科普环保)技巧小结及练习题

【英语】高考英语高中英语阅读理解(科普环保)技巧小结及练习题一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Ateamofinternationalscientistsisduetosetofffortheworld'sbiggesticeberginamissionaimingtoanswerfundamentalquestionsabouttheimpactofclimatechangeinthepolarregions.Thescientists,ledbytheBritishAntarcticSurvey(BAS),aretryingtoreachanewlyrevealedecosystemthathadbeenhiddenfor120,000yearsbelowtheLarsenCiceshelf.

Lastyear,partoftheLarsenCiceshelfcalved(崩解)away,formingahugeiceberg-A68—whichisfourtimesbiggerthanLondon,andrevealinglifebeneathforthefirsttime.Nowscientistssayitisaraceagainsttimetoexplorethesenewecosystemsbeforetheyaretransformedtothelight.MarinebiologistDrKatrinLinsefromtheBASisleadingthemission.

"ThecalvingofA68providesuswithauniqueopportunitytostudymarinelifeasitrespondstoahugeenvironmentchange,"shesaid."Itisimportantthatwegettherequicklybeforetheunderseaenvironmentchangesassunlightentersthewater."

ProfessorDavidVaughan,sciencedirectorattheBAs,said,"Weneedtobebold(大胆的)onthisone.LarsenCisalongwaysouthandthere'slotsofseaiceinthearea,butthisisimportantscience,sowewilltryourbesttogettheteamwheretheyneedtobe.HesaidclimatechangehadalreadyaffectedtheseaaroundAntarcticaandiswarmingsomecoastalwaters."Futurewarmingmaymakesomehabitatswarm.Wherethesehabitatssupportuniquespeciesthatareadaptedtolovethecoldandnotthewarm,thosespeciesaregoingtoeithermoveordie."

ThereisgrowingconcernaboutthepossibleimpactofclimatechangeintheAntarctic.Earlierthismonth,areportrevealedthatmeltingicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarcticaarespeedingupthealreadyfastpaceofthesealevelrise.Theresearch,publishedbytheNationalAcademiesofScience,EngineeringandMedicine,said,"Atthecurrentrate,theworld'soceanwillbe,onaverage,atleast60cmhigherbytheendofthecentury."However,itfoundthattheprocessisaccelerating,andmorethanthreequartersoftheaccelerationsince1993isduetomeltingicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarctica,thestudyshows.（1）Whyarethescientistseagertogototheiceberg?A.

Tostudyhowtheicebergwasformed.B.

Tostudyanewlydiscoveredecosystem.C.

Toexploreanewwaytopreventclimatechange.D.

ToexplorethegeographyoftheLarsenCiceshelf.（2）Whatdotheunderlinedwords"thisone"inthefourthparagraphreferto?A.

TheLarsenCiceshelf.B.

ClimatechangeinAntarctica.C.

TheA68icebergwiththeecosystembeneathit.D.

TheconditionofanimalspeciesinAntarctica.（3）WhatcanwelearnabouttheA68icebergfromthetext?A.

ItisasbigasLondon.B.

ItispartofaniceshelfintheArctic.C.

Itwilldisappearinaveryshorttime.D.

IthasuncoveredanunknownecosysteminAntarctica.（4）Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.

ThereisnoneedtoworryaboutclimatechangeinAntarctica.B.

TheicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarcticaaremeltingatasteadyrate.C.

Manycreatureslivingindeepwaterwilldieoutduetoclimatechange.D.

By2100,thesealevelwillhaverisentoamuchhigherlevelthannow.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，南极地区的拉森C冰架崩解形成了一座巨大的冰山A68iceberg。冰山下面显现的新的海洋生态系统为科学家提供了研究未知的海洋生物的机会。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Nowscientistssayitisaraceagainsttimetoexplorethesenewecosystemsbeforetheyaretransformedtothelight.”可知，科学家着急赶去世界最大的冰山是为了在其受到光照影响之前研究这座冰山下面的海洋生态系统。故选B。（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“ThecalvingofA68providesuswithauniqueopportunitytostudymarinelife...”可知A68冰山的形成为科学家提供了研究海洋生物的独一无二的机会，所以ProfessorDavidVaughan认为科学家要果敢地抓住这次机会，故thisone指的是A68冰山和它下面的生态系统。故选C。（3）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“toreachanewlyrevealedecosystemthathadbeenhiddenfor120,000yearsbelowtheLarsenCiceshelf.”到达一个新发现的在拉森冰架下面隐藏了12万年的的生态系统，可知选D。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“…Atthecurrentrate,theworld'soceanswillbe,onaverage,atleast60cmhigherbytheendofthecentury.”按目前的速度，世界的海洋到本世纪末平均至少升高60厘米，选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇环境类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。2．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Whenhospitalstaffareinfullscrubs(手术衣),theirfacesarealmostcompletelycoveredbytheircapsandfacemasks,andwecanonlyseetheireyesandeyebrows.Inordertosolvetheproblem,adoctorinSydney,Australia,calledRobHackettlaunchedacampaignnamed"Theatre(手术室)CapChallenge"-encouragehospitalstaffstowritetheir'namesandrolesontheircaps.Atfirst,hiscolleaguesdidn'ttakeitseriously.However,withtimegoingon,ithasbeenadoptedaroundtheworldwithstudiesfromtheUSandUKreportinghowthissimpleideacandecreasehumanerrorsinhealthcare.

"Iwenttoatheatrewheretherewereabout20doctorsandnursesintheroom,"Dr.RobHackettsaid."IstruggledtoevenasktobepassedsomeglovesbecausethepersonIwaspointingtothoughtIwaspointingtothepersonbehindthem,becauseIdon'tknowtheirnames."saidRob.Asweallknow,doctorsareastressfulprofession.Whenfacedwithlifeanddeath,theyneedtosavethepatient'slifeforasecond.Atthemoment,effectivecommunicationsareimportant.

"The'TheatreCapChallenge'isinresponsetoconcernsabouthoweasilyavoidablemistakesandpoorcommunicationarecontributingtorisingharmfuleventsforourpatients."saidRob."Weneedtodevelopsystemswhichreducemistakesandmisunderstandingwithoutcausingharm.Forthistohappen,weneedtoleteveryoneknowwe'rehuman."headdedOntheotherhand,fromthepatients'viewpoint,capswithnamesonthemcanmakepatientsmoreunworried.Wheneveryoneappearsthesame,itisextremelydifficulttodistinguishwhoiswho.Knowingthemrelaxed.（1）Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph1?A.

Hospitalstaffareaskedtocovertheirfacesinhospitals.B.

Robisinfavorofwritingnamesandrolesoncaps.C.

Robwantedtobeaprofessionaldoctor.D.

Rob'sideacanincreasehumanerrorsinhealthcare.（2）Whatcanweknowaboutthe"TheatreCapChallenge"fromthetext?A.

Itcanmakethecapsmorefashionable.B.

Itisstronglyopposedtobyallthedoctorsandnurses.C.

Itaimstoavoidmistakesandpoorcommunication.D.

Itcanhelppeoplepasssomeglovesinatheatre.（3）Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"werehuman"underlinedinparagraph3?A.

We'regenerous.

B.

We'renegative.

C.

We'resatisfied.

D.

We'rekind.（4）What'sthepatients'attitudetowardsthecampaign?A.

Supportive

B.

Disapproving

C.

Doubtful

D.

Uncaring【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，在手术室里，医生和护士都戴着手术帽和口罩，只露出眼睛和眉毛，这让周围的人认不出他们，导致在交流过程中产生误会。于是，一位澳大利亚的医生Rob提出在手术帽上写上名字和职位，这一想法逐渐得到了全世界很多国家的认可。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Inordertosolvetheproblem,adoctorinSydney,Australia,calledRobHackettlaunchedacampaignname‘"Theatre(手术室)CapChallenge’-encouragehospitalstaffstowritetheir'namesandrolesontheircaps.”Rob提出在手术帽上写上名字和职位，由此可知他是支持这一想法的。故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的例子和第三段中的"The'TheatreCapChallenge'isinresponsetoconcernsabouthoweasilyavoidablemistakesandpoorcommunicationarecontributingtorisingharmfuleventsforourpatients."可知，TheatreCapchallenge活动是为了应对不断增加的病患相关不良事件，而这些事件常是由一些很容易避免的错误和沟通障碍引起的。所以这项活动目的是尽量避免错误和交流中的误解。故选C。（3）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“

Weneedtodevelopsystemswhichreducemistakesandmisunderstandingwithoutcausingharm.”可知,他们想建立一种在不造成伤害的情况下尽可能减少错误和误解的系统，而要达到这个目的，首先要让每个人知道医生是人类，是有人情味的。只有病人也感觉到医生的善良，才能减少病患之间的误解。故选D。（4）考查观点态度。全文最后三句是站在患者角度阐述这个活动的意义。从其中的"unworried（不担心的，不着急的）"和"relaxed（松懈的，放松的）"两个词可以知道，这个活动能让病人心情放松，病人对这一做法是很支持的。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和观点态度三个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Onespringday,oncetheflowershavebeguntoopen,abeewillhover(盘旋)andzipthroughyouryardanddive-bombyourpicnictable.Whileyou'rethinkingaboutavoidinganattack,thatbeeisfocusedonsomethingelseentirely:me.

Ahoneybeehasaboutsixweekstolive.Today,likemostdays,hertaskistoflyasmanyasthreemilesfromhome,stickherlong,straw-liketongueintoahundredorsoflowers.Whenthebeehashadherfill,shellflyhome.Therethebeewilldepositwhatshehasgotintothemouthofoneofherco-workers,whowillrelayittoanother,andsoonforabout20minutes,untilthemixtureisreadytobeplacedintothecomb.Thensheandher50000orsomateswillhoverinthedarkallnighteverynight,flappingtheirwingstocreatehot,breezyconditionstoremovethewaterfromthemixture.Severalsunriseslater,theywillsealmeoffinagoldencellofbeeswax.Inherlifetime,ourbeemayvisit4,000flowers,andyetwillproduceonlyone-twelfthofateaspoonofme.

TheaverageAmericanconsumesnearlyapoundandahalfofmeeveryyear,intea,ontoast,andbeyond.IfIdosaysomyself,Iamatimelesstreasure.Literally—Inevergobad.

Alas,mygoodhealthisnotguaranteed.Theproblemliesinthegrowthofindustrialagricultureandtheuseofpestcontrolchemicals,aswellaschangesinweatherpatterns,allofwhichreducethenumberofflowersbeeshavetovisitI'dappreciateyourlettingyourowngardengrowjustalittlewildMyfuturedependsonallofusfosteringspringandsummerswildflowers,thushelpingthebees,whogivesomuch—toyou,tome—withouteveraskingforanythinginreturn.（1）Whatdoes"me"refertointhepassage?A.

Theflower

B.

Thebee

C.

Water

D.

Honey（2）Whatisthe2ndparagraphmainlyabout?A.

Bees'specialtalent

B.

Bees'hardwork.C.

Bees'livingenvironment.

D.

Bees'socialbehavior.（3）Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.

Toappealforhelpforhoneybees.

B.

Totalkaboutthehistoryofatreasure.C.

Toputforwardtechniquesforgardeners.

D.

Toargueagainstthecontrolofchemicals.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，用拟人的手法，以蜂蜜的口吻，介绍了蜜蜂虽然只有六周左右的寿命，但用其一生辛勤为人类酿造蜂蜜，人类应该保护蜜蜂。（1）考查代词指代。根据第一段中的“Whileyou'rethinkingaboutavoidinganattack,thatbeeisfocusedonsomethingelseentirely"可知，当你在想如何避免蜜蜂的攻击时，其实蜜蜂完全专注于其他的东西——蜜，由此可知me指的就是蜜，故选D。（2）考查主旨大意。通读第二段内容可知，本段主要介绍了蜜蜂虽然只有六周左右的寿命，但用其一生辛勤采蜜，为人类酿造蜂蜜，由此可知本段主要介绍的是蜜蜂的辛勤工作，故选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"thushelpingthebees,whogivesomuch—toyou,tome—withouteveraskingforanythinginreturn."可知，这篇文章的目的是呼吁人们帮助为人类辛勤采蜜的蜜蜂，故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及代词指代，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。4．犇犇阅读理解

IfplastichadbeeninventedwhenthePilgrimssailedfromPlymouth,England,toNorthAmerica-andtheirMayflowerhadbeenstockedwithbottledwaterandplastic-wrappedsnacks,theirplasticwastewouldlikelystillbearoundfourcenturieslater.Atlanticwavesandsunlightwouldhavewornallthatplasticintotinybits.Andthosebitsmightstillbefloatingaroundtheworld'soceanstoday,waitingtobeeatenbysomefishoroyster,andfinallyperhapsbyoneofus.

Becauseplasticwasn'tinventeduntilthelate19thcentury,anditsproductiononlyreallytookoffaround1950,wehaveamere9.2billiontonsofthestufftodealwith.Ofthat,morethan6.9billiontonshavebecomewaste.Andofthatwaste,asurprising6.3billiontonsnevermadeittoarecyclingbin-thefigurethatshockedthescientistswhopublishedthenumbersin2017.

Nooneknowshowmuchunrecycledplasticwasteendsupintheocean,theearth'slastsink.In2015,JennaJambeckaUniversityofGeorgiaengineeringprofessor,caughteveryone'sattentionwitharoughestimatebetween5.3millionand14milliontonsofplasticwasteeachyearjustcomefromcoastalregions.

Meanwhile,oceanplasticisestimatedtokillmillionsofmarine(海洋的）animalseveryyear.Nearly700species,includingendangeredones,areknowntohavebeenaffectedbyit.Someareharmedvisibly,stuckbyabandonedthingsmadeofplastic.Manymoreareprobablyharmedinvisibly.Marinespeciesofallsizes,fromzooplanktontowhales,noweatmicroplas-tics,thebitssmallerthanone-fifthofaninchacross.

"Thisisn'taproblemwherewedon'tknowwhatthesolutionis,"saysTedSiegler,aVermontresourceeconomistwhohasspentmorethan25yearsworkingwithdevelopingnationsongarbage."Weknowhowtopickupgarbage.Anyonecandoit.Weknowhowtodealwithit.Weknowhowtorecycle."It'samatterofbuildingthenecessaryinstitutionsandsystems,hesays,ideallybeforetheoceanturnsintoathinsoupofplastic.（1）WhydoestheauthormentionthePilgrimsinparagraph1?A.

Toproveplasticwasdifficulttoinvent.B.

Tointroducewhatmarineanimalslikeeating.C.

TotellthePilgrimscontributedalottothemarineprotection.D.

Toshowplasticwastehasalastingeffectontheocean.（2）What'sthemaintroublemarineanimalsfaceaccordingtothetext?A.

Lackingprotection.

B.

Beingstuckbyplastics.C.

Beingcaughtbyhumans.

D.

Treatingplasticsasfood.（3）WhatdoesTedSieglerwanttotellusinthelastparagraph?A.

Somepeopledon'tknowthesolutionofplasticswaste.B.

Plasticswillturntheoceanintoasoupofplastic.C.

It'stimetotakemeasurestodealwithplasticwaste.D.

Peopleshouldavoidusingplasticstoprotecttheocean.（4）Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.

Abiologytextbook.

B.

Atravelbrochure.C.

Anenvironmentalreport.

D.

Alifestylemagazine.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了塑料垃圾给海洋以及海洋生物带来的危害。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“theirplasticwastewouldlikelystillbearoundfourcenturieslater.

”他们的塑料废物很可能在四百年后仍会存在，可知作者提到thePilgrims是为了说明塑料废物对海洋有持久的影响，故选D。（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Someareharmedvisibly,stuckbyabandonedthingsmadeofplastic.Manymoreareprobablyharmedinvisibly.”一些明显受到伤害，被塑料制成的废弃物品卡住了。可能有更多的人受到无形的伤害。可知选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“It'samatterofbuildingthenecessaryinstitutionsandsystems,hesays,ideallybeforetheoceanturnsintoathinsoupofplastic.”他说最好在海洋变成塑料汤之前建立一个必要的机构和制度的问题，可推知选C。（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本题介绍了塑料垃圾给海洋以及海洋生物带来的危害。是一篇环境保护类阅读，因此选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。5．犇犇阅读理解

Three-quartersoftheworld'scoffeefarmsdestroyforesthabitattogrowcoffeeinthesunandtypicallyuseharmfulpesticides(杀虫剂)andchemicalsthatpoisontheenvironment.Whenforestsdisappear,migratory(迁徙的)songbirdsdisappear,too.Inordertodealwithseverepopulationandhabitatloss,SmithsonianscientistscreatedtheBirdFriendlycertification.

BirdFriendlycoffeesareshade-grown,meaningthecoffeeisplantedundertrees,ratherthanonthelandthathasbeenclearedofallotherplants.Coffeeexpertssayshade-growncoffeestastebetter,becausethebeansripenslowerthancoffeegrowninthefullsun,resultinginaricher,morecomplexflavor.BirdFriendlycertifiedcoffeesgrowunderbio-diverseshadethatprovideshabitatformigratorysongbirdsandotherwildlife,storescarbonandfightsclimatechange.BirdFriendlycoffeesarealsocertifiedorganic,meaningtheyaregrownwithoutpesticides,whichisbetterforpeopleandfortheplanet.

BirdFriendlyproducerscanalsoearnmorefortheircrops.Thewoodandfruittreesonshadecoffeefarmsprovidefarmerswithadditionalincome.EverycupofBirdFriendlycoffeepurchasedrewardsthesefarmerswithalittlemoremoneyforbeinggoodstewardsoftheenvironmentandencouragesthemtocontinueconservingBirdFriendlyhabitat.

BuyingBirdFriendlysupportstheSmithsonianMigratoryBirdCenter'sconservationresearchaimedatunderstandingandprotectingyourfeatheredfriends.YoucanpurchaseBirdFriendlycertifiedcoffeesaroundtheworldandprotectwildlifeandhabitatwitheverycup.Findastoreorcafenearyou,orbetteryet,haveitshippedtoyourdoorwhenyouorderonline.（1）Whatisthepresentsituationofcoffeefarms?A.

Onefourthofthemhavedestroyedforesthabitatforbirds.B.

Pesticidesandchemicalsusedonthempoisonedmanybirds.C.

Farmershavebeenawareofenvironmentprotection.D.

Scientistspayattentiontothemandhavecomeupwithanidea.（2）What'sacharacteristicofBirdFriendlycoffees?A.

Theymayhaveabettertaste.

B.

Theyhaveastrangeflavor.C.

Theytakelesstimetoripen.

D.

Theyaregrownonunpollutedland.（3）HowcanBirdFriendlyfarmersearnmoremoney?A.

Bychargingconsumersmoremoney.

B.

Bysellingfruitsandwoodfromtrees.C.

Bycuttingdowntreesandsellingwood.

D.

Byservingasstewardsofcoffeeconsumers.（4）Whatdoesthetextsuggestcoffeeconsumersdo?A.

Consumelesscoffee.

B.

Ordercoffeeonline.C.

Purchaseshade-growncoffee.

D.

Donatetocoffeefarmers.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，为了应对严重的迁徙鸟类的数量和栖息地损失，史密森尼的科学家创造了theBirdFriendlycertification。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Inordertodealwithseverepopulationandhabitatloss,SmithsonianscientistscreatedtheBirdFriendlycertification.”可知，科学家们重视咖啡生长地的问题，并以想出应对办法，故选D。（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“

Coffeeexpertssayshade-growncoffeestastebetter,becausethebeansripenslowerthancoffeegrowninthefullsun,resultinginaricher,morecomplexflavor.”咖啡专家说，阴凉处种植的咖啡味道更好，因为豆子比太阳下的咖啡成熟得慢，会产生更丰富，更复杂的味道。故选A。（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Thewoodandfruittreesonshadecoffeefarmsprovidefarmerswithadditionalincome.

”可知，咖啡种植者可以通过咖啡树上方的thewoodandfruittrees增加收入，故选B。（4）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“

YoucanpurchaseBirdFriendlycertifiedcoffeesaroundtheworldandprotectwildlifeandhabitatwitheverycup”你能在全世界买BirdFriendly认证的咖啡，每杯都保护野生动物和栖息地，故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。6．Directions:Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

AtinycluefoundinancientdepositshasunlockedbigsecretsaboutGreenland'spastandfutureclimate.JustbeyondthenorthwestedgeofthevastGreenlandIceSheet,researchershavediscoveredlakemudthathavesurvivedthelasticeage.Themud,andremainsofcommonfliesinit,recordtwointerglacialperiods(间冰期)innorthwestGreenland.

Althoughresearchershavelongknownthesetwoperiods—theearlyHoloceneandLastInterglacial—experiencedwarmingintheArctic,themixofflyspeciesshowsthatGreenlandwasevenwarmerthanpreviouslythought."Asfarasweknow,ithasneverbeenfoundinGreenland.Wethinkthisisthefirsttimeanyonehasreporteditinancientdepositsormodernlakesthere,"Axfordsaid."Wewerereallysurprisedtoseehowfarnorthitmigrated(迁徙)."

ThisnewinformationcouldhelpresearchersbettermeasureGreenland'ssensitivitytowarming,bytestingandimprovingmodelsofclimateandicesheetbehaviour.ThosemodelscouldthenimprovepredictionsofhowGreenland'sicesheetmightrespondtoman-madeglobalwarming.Afterall,Greenlandcovers80percentoftheArcticcountryandholdsenoughicetoequal20feetofglobalsealevel."NorthwestGreenlandmightfeelreallyremote,butwhathappenstothaticesheetisgoingtomattertoeveryoneineverycoastalcityaroundtheworld,"saidYarrowAxford,anassociateprofessorintheteam."OneofthebiguncertaintiesinclimatescienceishowfasttheEarthchangeswhenitgetswarmer.GeologygivesusanopportunitytoseewhathappenedwhentheEarthwaswarmerthantoday,"saidAxford.

Peoplemightbesurprisedtoseehowtoday'sGreenlandlookedduringthelasttwointerglacialperiods.DuringtheLastInterglacial,globalsealevelsincreasedby15to30feet,largelyduetothinningofGreenlandandAntarctica'sicesheets.However,nowresearchersbelievenorthernGreenland'sicesheetexperiencedstrongerwarmingthanpreviouslythought,whichcouldmeanthatGreenlandismoreresponsibleforthatsea-levelrise.

Findinglakedepositsolderthanabout10,000years,however,hasbeenhistoricallyverydifficultinGreenland.Tomeasuretheseancienttemperatures,researcherslooktoicecores(冰核)andlakedeposits.Sinceiceandlakedepositsformbyagradualbuilduponannuallayersofsnowormud,thesecorescontainhistoryofthepast.Bylookingthroughthelayers,researcherscanobtainclimatecluesfromcenturiesago.（1）Whyaretheremainsoffliesmentionedinthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.TheyserveasevidencethatthereisstilllifeintheNorthwestGreenland.B.TheywereoneofthemanyancientlivesthatwereleftintheGreenlandmud.C.TheyareindicatorsthatGreenlandwasmuchwarmerthanpreviouslythought.D.TheyhelptheresearchersrealizethattherewasonceawarmperiodintheArctic.（2）ThenewinformationaboutGreenlandisimportantbecause______________.A.researchershavenoideahowtomeasureGreenland'swarmingspeedB.itcanhelpresearchersbetterpredictGreenland'sresponsetowarmingC.peopleshouldbemoresensitivetothechangesintheiceinGreenlandD.itisuncertainhowfasttheEarthchangeswithman-madeglobalwarming（3）Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Itiseasierfortoday'sscientiststofindancientlakedeposits.B.PeoplearesurprisedatthelandscapefeatureofGreenlandtoday.C.Researchersmeasurethechangingtemperaturesbydirectlyexaminingmud.D.Greenlandholdsenoughicethatmightonedaythreatenlifeincoastalcities.（4）Whichdoyouthinkisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.GreenlandUsedtoBeMuchGreenerB.EarthOnceExperiencedWarmPeriodsC.CoastalCitiesWarnedofComingDisastersD.NorthwestGreenland,APerfectDestination【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在古代沉积物中发现的一条微小线索揭开了格陵兰岛过去和未来气候的大秘密。就在广阔的格陵兰冰原的西北边缘，研究人员发现了在最后一个冰河时代幸存下来的湖泥。现在研究人员认为，格陵兰北部的冰盖经历了比之前认为的更强烈的变暖。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Themud,andremainsofcommonfliesinit,recordtwointerglacialperiods（间冰期）innorthwestGreenland.”在格陵兰岛西北部，泥浆和常见苍蝇的残骸记录了两次间冰期；以及第二段中的“Althoughresearchershavelongknownthesetwoperiods—theearlyHoloceneandLastInterglacial—experiencedwarmingintheArctic,themixofflyspeciesshowsthatGreenlandwasevenwarmerthanpreviouslythought.”尽管研究人员很早就知道这两个时期——全新世早期和最后一次间冰期——在北极经历了变暖，但混合的蝇类表明格陵兰岛甚至比之前认为的还要热。可知，在前两段中提到苍蝇的残骸是为了证明格陵兰岛的温度比之前认为的要高得多。故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“ThisnewinformationcouldhelpresearchersbettermeasureGreenland'ssensitivitytowarming,bytestingandimprovingmodelsofclimateandicesheetbehaviour.”可知，这些新信息可以帮助研究人员更好地测量格陵兰岛对气候变暖的敏感性。故选B。（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Afterall,Greenlandcovers80percentoftheArcticcountryandholdsenoughicetoequal20feetofglobalsealevel.‘NorthwestGreenlandmightfeelreallyremote,butwhathappenstothaticesheetisgoingtomattertoeveryoneineverycoastalcityaroundtheworld,’”

可知，格陵兰岛覆盖了这个北极国家的80%，拥有相当于全球海平面20英尺的冰。“格陵兰西北部可能真的感觉很遥远，但冰盖的变化将关系到世界上每个沿海城市的每个人。”故选D。（4）考查主旨大意。本文通过最新的发现——最后一个冰河时代幸存下来的湖泥及湖泥中的苍蝇残骸及其相关研究说明格陵兰岛之前可能更暖和。因此，本文的最佳标题应为“格陵兰岛曾经更加绿色”。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。7．阅读理解

In1953,amountainclimberreportedseeingabar-headedgoosesoaroverthepeakofMountEverest(珠穆朗玛).Itwasthoughtimpossible.Nowresearcherswhoraised19ofthegeese—namedfortheblackstripesonthebacksoftheirheads—haveshownthebirdsreallyflysohigh.

Theteamtrainedtheyoungsterstoflyinalargewindtunnelwearingbackpacksandfacemasksfullofsensorsthatrecordedtheirheartrate.bloodoxygenlevels,temperature,andmetabolicrate—howmanycaloriestheyburnedperhour.Theresearcherssimulated(模拟)10w-,medium-,andhigh-altitudeconditionsbyalteringtheconcentrationofoxygensuppliedtofacemaskswornbyeachgooseasitflewinthetunnel.

Birdsalreadyhaveabetterheartandlungsthanmammalsforsustainedphysicalactivity.Andresearchersknewthatbar-headedgeesehaveevenlarger,thinnerlungsthatletthembreathemoredeeplyandanevenbiggerhearttopumpmoreoxygentomusclesthanotherbirds.

Thewindtunnelexperimentsshowedthatwhentheconcentrationofoxygenwasatitslowest-likethe7%foundontopofMountEverestversus21%atsealevel—thegeese'sheartrateandfrequencyofwingbeatsremainedthesameevenastheirmetabolicratedropped.Somehow,thebirdsmanagedtocooldowntheirblood-themeasuredbloodtemperaturedroppedsoitcouldtakeinmoreoxygen,theresearchersreporttodayineLife.Thiscoolinglikelyhelpscompensatefortheverythinair,theteamsays.

Althoughwelltrained,thebirdswereonlywillingtostayintheairafewminutes-orlesswhenwearingtheirbackpacksandflyingat6ihigh"altitudes.Soit'snotclearwhethertheseadaptationsalonearewhatmakeitpossibletoflythe8hoursittakestoclimboverMountEverest.ButthosefewminutesshowedthesegeesereallycouldflyoverthetopofMountEverest.（1）Whydidtheresearchersraise19bar-headedgeeseandtrainthem?A.

Totesttheflyingheightandspeedofthem.B.

ToconfirmtheycouldflyoverMountEverest.C.

Toobservethemflyingthroughthewindtunnel.D.

Toseehowmanycaloriestheyburnedperhour.（2）Whatcanwelearnfromthewindtunnelexperiment?A.

Itwascarriedoutatveryhighaltitude.B.

Thegeesemanagedtobreathelesswhentheirblooddecreased.C.

Thegeesecouldlivethroughthelowestconcentrationofoxygen.D.

Itshowsthegeesecouldflyathighaltitudeforlong.（3）Whatstillpuzzlesscientistsaboutthegeese?A.

Whethertheyhavesuperheartsandlungs.B.

Whethertheyhavemusclespumpedmoreoxygento.C.

Whethertheyarewillingtowearbackpacksandfacemasks.D.

Whethertheycanmanagetofly8hourstoclimboverMountEverest.（4）Wheredoesthetextmostprobablycomefrom?A.

Asciencefiction.

B.

Aclimbingguide.

C.

Atravelbrochure.

D.

Asciencereport.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，登山者报告说看到一只长颈鹅翱翔在珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰，为了确认其真实性，研究人员养了18只这种鹅，在大型风洞中训练它们飞行。结果发现这种鹅可以在氧气极低的情况下飞行，但停留时间只有几分钟，因此能否飞过珠峰尚不明确。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"In1953,amountainclimberreportedseeingabar-headedgoosesoaroverthepeakofMountEverest.Itwasthoughtimpossible."报道说，一名登山者看到一只斑头鹅飞过珠穆朗玛峰。人们