从修辞角度分析I-have-a-dream

IHaveADream

--MartinLutherKing,Jr.小组成员：李涧元2021/5/91IntroductionoffiguresAnalysisofspeechSummary1).Choiceofwords2).Sentencestructure3).Figuresofspeech

2021/5/92Introductionoffiguressimile明喻metaphor暗喻pun双关personification拟人hyperbole夸张metonymy借代、转喻onomatcpocia拟声irony讽刺climax层递parallelism排比allusion典故periodicsentence圆周句antonomasia换称synesthesia通感alliteration头韵repetition重复antithesis对照synecdoche提喻anaphora首语反复2021/5/93rhetoricalquestion修辞性问句：Thequestioneralreadyhaveananswerintheheart.oxymoron矛盾修饰法：Itisacompressedparadox,formedbytheconjoining(结合)oftwocontrasting,contradictoryorincongruous(不协调)termsasinbitter-sweetmemories,orderlychaos(混乱)andproudhumility(侮辱).transferredEpithets移就：Itisafigureofspeechwhereanepithet(anadjectiveordescriptivephrase)istransferredfromthenounitshouldrightlymodify(修饰)toanothertowhichitdoesnotreallyapplyorbelong.2021/5/94AnalysisofspeechFivescoreyearsago,agreatAmerican,inwhosesymbolicshadowwestandtoday,signedtheEmancipationProclamation.（Allusion典故、PeriodicSentence圆周句）Thismomentous

decree(Antonomasia换称)cameasagreatbeaconlightofhope（Simile明喻）tomillionsofNegroslaveswhohadbeensearedintheflamesofwitheringinjustice（Metaphor暗喻）.Itcameasajoyousdaybreak（TransferredEpithets移就）toendthelongnightofbad

captivity（Simile明喻）.

2021/5/95Butonehundredyearslater（Repetition重复、parallelism排比）,theNegrostillisnotfree.Onehundredyearslater,thelifeoftheNegroisstillsadlycrippledbythemanaclesofsegregationandthechainsof

discrimination.Onehundredyearslater,theNegrolivesonalonelyislandofpovertyinthemidstofavastoceanofmaterialprosperity（Oxymoron矛盾修饰法、Metonymy转喻、TransferredEpithets移就）.Onehundredyearslater,theNegroisstilllanguishedinthecornersofAmericansocietyandfindshimselfanexileinhisownland.Sowe’vecomeheretodaytodramatizeashamefulcondition.2021/5/96Inasensewe'vecometoournation'scapitaltocashacheck（Metaphor暗喻）.WhenthearchitectsofourrepublicwrotethemagnificentwordsoftheConstitutionandtheDeclarationofIndependence,theyweresigningapromissorynotetowhicheveryAmericanwastofallheir.Thisnotewasapromisethatallmen,yes,blackmenaswellaswhitemen,wouldbeguaranteedthe"unalienableRights"of"Life,LibertyandthepursuitofHappiness."2021/5/972021/5/982021/5/99Itwouldbefatalforthenationtooverlooktheurgencyofthemoment.ThisswelteringsummeroftheNegro'slegitimatediscontent（Antithesis对照）willnotpassuntilthereisaninvigoratingautumnoffreedomandequality.Nineteensixty-threeisnotanend,butabeginning.AndthosewhohopethattheNegroneededtoblowoffsteamandwillnowbecontentwillhavearudeawakeningifthenationreturnstobusinessasusual.AndtherewillbeneitherrestnortranquilityinAmericauntiltheNegroisgrantedhiscitizenshiprights.Thewhirlwindsofrevoltwillcontinuetoshakethefoundationsofournationuntilthebrightdayofjusticeemerges.2021/5/9102021/5/911ThemarvelousnewmilitancywhichhasengulfedtheNegrocommunitymustnotleadustoadistrustofallwhitepeople,formanyofourwhitebrothers,asevidencedbytheirpresenceheretoday,havecometorealizethattheirdestinyistiedupwithourdestiny.Andtheyhavecometorealizethattheirfreedomisinextricablyboundtoourfreedom.2021/5/912Wecannotwalkalone（shortsentence）.Andaswewalk,wemustmakethepledgethatweshallalwaysmarchahead.Wecannotturnback（shortsentence）.Therearethosewhoareaskingthedevoteesofcivilrights,"Whenwillyoubesatisfied?"WecanneverbesatisfiedaslongastheNegroisthevictimoftheunspeakablehorrorsofpolicebrutality（rhetoricalquestion修辞性问句）.Wecanneverbesatisfied（anaphora首语反复）

aslongasourbodies,heavywiththefatigueoftravel,cannotgainlodginginthemotelsofthehighwaysandthehotelsofthecities.Wecannotbesatisfied

aslongasaNegroinMississippicannotvoteandaNegroinNewYorkbelieveshehasnothingforwhichtovote.No,no,wearenotsatisfied,andwewillnotbesatisfieduntil"justicerollsdownlikewaters,andrighteousnesslikeamightystream（simile）."2021/5/913I

amnotunmindfulthatsomeofyouhavecomehereoutofgreattrialsandtribulations

(alliteration头韵).Someofyouhavecomefreshfromnarrowjailcells.Someofyouhavecomefromareaswhereyourquestforfreedomleftyoubatteredbythestormsofpersecutionandstaggeredbythewindsofpolicebrutality.Youhavebeentheveteransofcreativesuffering.（irony反语）Continuetoworkwiththefaiththatunearnedsufferingisredemptive.2021/5/914GobacktoMississippi,gobacktoAlabama,gobacktoSouthCarolina,gobacktoGeorgia,gobacktoLouisiana,gobacktotheslumsandghettosofournortherncities,（Repetition重复、parallelism排比）knowingthatsomehowthissituationcanandwillbechanged.Letusnotwallowinthevalleyofdespair.Isaytoyoutoday,myfriends,soeventhoughwefacethedifficultiesoftodayandtomorrow,Istillhaveadream.ItisadreamdeeplyrootedintheAmericandream.2021/5/915Ihaveadreamthatoneday

（Repetition重复、parallelism排比）thisnationwillriseup,liveuptothetruemeaningofitscreed:“Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident;thatallmenarecreatedequal.”IhaveadreamthatonedayontheredhillsofGeorgiathesonsofformerslavesandthesonsofformerslave-ownerswillbeabletositdowntogetheratthetableofbrotherhood.IhaveadreamthatonedayeventhestateofMississippi,astateswelteringwiththeheatofinjustice,swelteringwiththeheatofoppression,willbetransformedintoanoasisoffreedomandjustice.Ihaveadreamthatmyfourchildrenwillonedayliveinanationwheretheywillnotbejudgedbythecoloriftheirskinbutbythecontentoftheircharacter.2021/5/916Ihaveadreamtoday.（Repetition重复、parallelism排比）

Ihaveadreamthatoneday（Repetition重复、parallelism排比）

downinAlabamawithitsgovernorhavinghislipsdrippingwiththewords(synecdoche提喻）ofinterpositionandnullification,onedayrightdowninAlabamalittleblackboysandblackgirlswillbeabletojoinhandswithlittlewhiteboysandwhitegirlsassistersandbrothers.Ihaveadreamtoday.Ihaveadreamthatonedayeveryvalleyshallbeexalted,everyhillandmountainshallbemadelow,theroughplaceswillbemadeplain,andthecrookedplaceswillbemadestraight,andthegloryoftheLordshallberevealed,andallfleshshallseeittogether(synecdoche提喻).2021/5/917Thisisourhope.ThisisthefaiththatIgobacktotheSouthwith.Withthisfaithwewillbeableto(climax层递)hewoutofthemountainofdespairastoneofhope.Withthisfaithwewillbeabletotransformthejanglingdiscordsofournationintoabeautifulsymphonyofbrotherhood.Withthisfaithwewillbeabletoworktogether,topraytogether,tostruggletogether,togotojailtogether,tostandupforfreedomtogether,knowingthatwewillbefreeoneday（Epiphora尾语反复）.ThiswillbethedaywhenallofGod’schildrenwillbeabletosingwithnewmeaning.Mycountry,’tisofthee,Sweetlandofliberty,OftheeIsing:Landwheremyfathersdied,Landofthepilgrims’pride,FromeverymountainsideLetfreedomring.2021/5/918AndifAmericaistobeagreatnationthismustbecometrue.Soletfreedomring(personification拟人、Repetition重复、parallelism排比

)fromtheprodigioushilltopsofNewHampshire.LetfreedomringfromthemightymountainsofNewYork!LetfreedomringfromtheheighteningAlleghenie