2026届新高考英语冲刺复习阅读理解应用文

2026届新高考英语冲刺复习

阅读理解应用文““题型拆解+方法落地+分层训练1.能快速定位并提取广告、通知等应用文中的时间、价格等事实性信息。2.可解读图表、表格类应用文的数据关系与逻辑，完成简单信息整合和计算。3.能根据内容推断应用文的读者对象、写作目的，如判断某则材料是面向游客还是学生。4.可理解不同体裁应用文的格式特点与语言风格，适配其特定使用场景的信息传递需求。考纲要求一、应用文题型综合细节题词义转换题理解判断题主旨要义题作者意图题推测判断题文章结构题10种题型7类体裁3个维度广告类故事类科普类新闻类人物类社科类文化类单句段落细节相加一个做法（15字法则）一般细节、段落细节、全文细节、作者观点态度、词义猜测（代词指代）、例证题、段落主旨、全文主旨（意图）、结构题、文章出处题识题型，找定位，断结构，取信息，找平行细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测、主旨大意一、应用文题型地点场所题二、应用文特点条理清晰，结构紧凑，重点突出题目数量稳定，通常3题★细节理解题推理判断题文章出处题写作目的题主标题、小标题首段：背景、主旨题目设置相对较容易三、解题策略文章写的作者想表达的我们学生最后读到的阅读理解失分区域第一次单词不认识，导致没看懂（弱点）第二次长难句没看懂，糊弄过去了（脑补）第三次单词记混了，误解了作者的意思（想象）第N次信息接收出现了偏差（看岔）三、解题策略先题后文圈关键词/定位词人名地名数字疑问词实词看语篇结构标题、小标题、导语看印刷特征注意同义词替换大写、粗体、下划线、括号三、解题策略

三步曲：一、画题干，确定关键词①二、找原文（定位文章中的句子），确定关键词②

三、看选项（配对选项与原文句子中的同义词），确定关键词③找名词、代词和形容词

TheChinesekepttheirsecretofhowtomakepaperuntilawarwithMuslimsintheninthcentury.TheartofpapermakingsoonspreadthroughouttheMuslimworld.

TheMayanIndiansinCentralAmericaandPacificIslandersalsodiscoveredhowtomakepaper,buttheirknowledgeneverspreadtotherestoftheworld.26.HowwaspapermakingintroducedintotherestoftheworldfromChina?A.Throughwars. B.ThroughtheMuslims.C.ThroughtheMayanIndians.

D.ThroughthePacificIslanders.√introduceinto“引进”，与spread“传播”同义关键词②是我们重点要找的，关键词②和关键词③多为同义词或近义词关键词①关键词②关键词①关键词③三、解题策略Imaginationandfantasycanplayanimportantroleinachievingthethingswefear.Childrenknowthisverywell.FredEpstein,inhisbookIfIMakeIttoFive,tellsastoryheheardfromoneoffriendsaboutTom,afour-year-oldboywithacancerinhisbackbone.Hecamethroughseveraloperationsandalotofpainbymasteringhisimagination.Tomlovedtopretend,andheparticularlylovedtoplaysuperheroes,DrEpsteinexplainedthatitwasactuallyabrilliantwayforhisyoungmindtohandletheterrifyingandpainfullifeheled.26.WhatdoweknowaboutTom?A.Hewasseriouslyill.B.Hewasadishonestboy.C.Hewascrazyaboutmagic.D.HewasDr.Epstein’spatient.有据可查，意同形异——状况细节的判断三、解题策略

Thedaybeforehisthirdtriptotheoperatingroom,Tomwasterriblyafraid.“MaybeIcouldgoasSuperman,”hewhisperedtohismom.Hearingthis,themotherhesitatedforawhile.Shehadavoidedbuyingtheexpensivecostume(戏装)，butfinallysheagreed.ThenextdayTomappearedasthepowerfulSuperman,showingoffthroughthehospitalhallsandcoollywavinghishandtothepeoplegreetinghimalongtheway.AndTom,withthestrengthofhisfantasy,successfullymadeitthroughtheoperation.28.WhenTomwentforthethirdoperation,he

.A.pretendedtobepainful B.actedlikeasuperheroC.appearedinpoorspirits D.arguedwithhismother由想法到现实，一个过程演变的细节三、解题策略

HoneyfromtheAfricanforestisnotonlyakindofnaturalsugar,itisalsodelicious.Mostpeople,andmanyanimals,likeeatingit.However,theonlywayforthemtogetthathoneyistofindawildbees'nestandtakethehoneyfromit.Often,thesenestsarehighupintrees,anditisdifficulttofindthem.InpartsofAfrica,though,peopleandanimalslookingforhoneyhaveastrangeandunexpectedhelper-alittlebirdcalledahoneyguide.60.Whyisitdifficulttofindawildbees'nest?A.It'ssmallinsize. B.It'shiddenintrees.C.It'scoveredwithwax. D.It'shardtorecognize.词语形式迥异——位置判断三、解题策略1先划出题干关键信息语，再从短文中找出信息句；2认真分析信息词语前后句，关注句子主宾关系和连词；3最后找出与原文信息词语语义相同的最佳选项。(意同形异)三、解题策略：but/however/although/while/unfortunately...

：any/every/no/all/always/none/最高级/序数词：than/比较级/while/similar/unlike:

““/

:

/——/!/?：because/since/so/therefore

：such

as/for

example123456阅读“灯塔词”细节理解考查：特定细节或重要事实的辨认能力1.是非题2.年代与数字考点3.数据题(计算)4.排序题5.特殊疑问句(who,what,when,where,why,how)是非题形式：true/false或except?AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT....Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?特殊疑问句形式：Accordingtothepassage,who/what/when/where/why/how…“本本主义”，一切从原文出发“干扰项”张冠李戴是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容。无中生有符合常识，但不是文章的内容。曲解文意与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动。颠倒是非在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。正误参半部分正确，部分错误。同义替换指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如把loseone'sjob换成了beoutofwork。有些细节理解题把原文中的一些词变换词性，如把important变换成ofimportance；改变语态，如主动语态与被动语态的转换。信息归纳用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，设置为正确答案。细节理解正确选项特征细节理解题解题原则:“关键词定位法”，即“带着问题找答案”步骤和方法：Step1：题干中选定关键词（定位词:人名，地名，年份，数字等）Step2：通过略读、查读锁定文中定位区域Step3:结合信息区域上下文理解、比对

Step4:排除干扰项，筛选得出答案Oneday,however,mysontoldmethathewassadbecausehisfriendswouldcomeoverandIdidn'tunderstandthembecauseIdidn'tspeakEnglish.HewasalsosadbecauseIcouldneverhelphimwithhishomework.Thatsameday,Itoldmyself,“Rocio,youhavetostartbelievinginyourselfandyouwillseeyoucanmakeit.”A细节理解题。根据文章可知，作者的儿子告诉她因为她英文差所以不能理解他的朋友们所说的话，而且作者也不能帮助他做作业。从那时起，作者开始下决心学英文。选A项。2．WhatmadetheauthormakeuphermindtostudyEnglish?A．Whathersonsaid.B．Whatherdaughtersaid.C．Thinkingaboutherself.D．Thinkingaboutherdaughter.信息归纳CookingPolicyStudentslivinginbuildingsthathavekitchensareonlypermittedtocookinthekitchen.Studentsmustcleanupaftercooking.Thisisnottheresponsibilityofhousekeepingstaff.Kitchensthatarenotkeptcleanmaybeclosedforuse.Withtheexceptionofusingasmallmicrowaveoventoheatfood,studentsarenotpermittedtocookintheirrooms.2.Whatdoweknowaboutthecookingpolicy?A.Ahousekeeperistocleanupthekitchen.B.Cookinginstudentroomsispermitted.C.Amicrowaveovencanbeused.D.Studentsaretoclosekitchendoorsaftercooking颠倒是非曲解文意题干中选定关键词

结合信息区域上下文理解、比对

推理判断题考查依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进行推理和判断的能力。此类题目文章中没有明确的答案，需要考生在理解全文的基础上进行推理和判断。其主要提问方式是：1.Whatcanweinferfromparagragh3?2.Whatistheimpliedmeaningoftheunderlinedpart?3.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?4.Whoaretheintendedreadersofthepassage?5.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?6.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?1)题型分类

a)

细节推断题

要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间，地点,人物关系,人物身份,事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息,或者借助生活常识进行判断推理。

b)因果推断题

要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。考生要准确掌握文章的内涵,理解文章的真正含义。c)

人物性格、态度及观点判断题高考阅读测试中有些是考察考生对作者的主导思想，被描写人物语气，言谈话语中流漏的情绪，性格倾向和作者或文中人物，态度观点等方面的理解题。做这一类题注意：

i.

由表及里的准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。

ii.

特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情，态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。

iii.

能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统，风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。d)

预测想象推理题有些内容文章中没有明确说明，要求考生根据语篇，对事件可能的结局或下段可能涉及的内容等进行预测推理。做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路（如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系，对比关系来叙述），从而作出比较科学的合情合理的预测。干扰项的特点：（1）以假乱真，编造信息；不是在文章事实或上下文逻辑基础上进行推理而得的观点。（2）混淆本末，主次不分；虽然以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为基础进行推理，但推理过头，概括过度。（3）直接间接不分，把文章中明确表达的内容当成推理出来的（4）因果颠倒；原文的原因变成了选项中的结果，或反之。主旨大意题

主题思想是作者在文章中要表达的核心内容，也是作者始终要说明的问题。段落的中心思想常由主题句来表达。

Sometimesthefirstsentenceofapassageisthetopic/keysentenceSometimesthelastsentence

isthetopic/keysentenceSometimesthetopic/keysentenceisinthemiddleofapassageSometimesyouhavetoputseveralkeysentencestogether

togetthemainideaSometimesyoucan’tfindthetopic/keysentenceinthepassage.Youhavetosumitupyourself.主旨大意题解题原则:概括文章中心主旨步骤和方法：step1：全文定位主题句应用文（广告）开头记叙文（故事传记）结尾议论文开头说明文开头step2：辅以高频词法（几乎每段均出现过一次或几次的词为高频词，中心主旨必须含有较多高频词）step3：排除法（选那些深层、概括、积极、有意义的选项，而摒弃片面的选项）生词1.生词2.熟词生用3.一词多义语境线索contextclues词义猜测1.Whatdoestheunderlineword“...”inparagragh3mean?2.Whichofthefollowingisnearest/closestinmeaningto"..."?3.Accordingtotheauthortheword"..."means__________.4.Byword"..."theauthormeans__________.所谓猜测词义,是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词的词义,它是一种非常有用的阅读技巧,获得这种技巧之后,读者在阅读过程中能很快通过上下文提供的线索或生词本身的结构特点推断出词义来,从而提高阅读速度和阅读能力.善用语境线索，猜测生词意思1．Thepeoplewho

survived

theearthquakecriedbitterlyoverthebodiesoftheirrelatives．

2．Thepupilsassembled

infrontoftheschoolhall．Theycametogethertolistentotheheadmasterannouncetheresultofthesportsmeeting．幸存聚集善用语境线索，猜测生词意思1)Pantomimereferstoashortplayinwhichnowordsarespoken.1.解释性线索哑剧

2)Thepowerfulpoisonwasimperceptiblewhenmixedinliquid;thatis,itcouldnotbetasted,seen,orsmelled.

感觉不到的善用语境线索，猜测生词意思2.同义词线索(or,like,similarly，also)Doctorsbelievethatsmokingisdetrimentaltoyourhealth.Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful.有害的MrSmithlovestotalk,andhiswifeissimilarlyloquacious多话的善用语境线索，猜测生词意思Somepeopleliketowalkquicklyhome,butIpreferto

stroll

homeandlookatthestorewindowsalongtheway3.反义词线索(yet,but,unlike,however,while,not…but,instead,onthecontrary,incontrast,ratherthan)漫步1.UnliketheUnitedStates,wheremanydifferentnationalitiesmakeupthepopulation,Japan’spopulationisquite

homogeneous.2.Writtenlanguagetendstobestatic,whilespokenlanguageconstantlychanges.同类的静止不变的3.Mr.Wangisagentlemanwhoisalwayspunctualforallhisclasses,buthearrivedover10minuteslateyesterdaymorning.（punctual与

over10minuteslate形成鲜明的对比。“守时的”）善用语境线索，猜测生词意思ManyUnitedNationsemployeesarepolyglots;MrSimoson,forexample,speaksfivelanguagesfluently.4.例证性线索(forexample,forinstance,suchas,likeetc.)Carsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelt,headlights,andgoodbrakes.

通晓多种语言的人设备Hewasaprestidigitatorwhoentertainedthechildrenbypullingrabbitsoutofhats,swallowingfire,andothersimilartricks.5.修饰性线索(词，短语，从句）

变戏法的人1).Hebegantoshavehiswhiskers,whichhadgrownthickonbothcheeks.2).Hetakesaspecialinterestinbotanywhichconcernsthestudyofplants.胡须植物学三读法1.略读(skimmming)—快速浏览抓住文章中心大意以及文章的结构(借助所给图表结构）。2.速览(scanning)—带着问题，找到文章对应点，确认题型，分析整理归纳信息并且准确表达信息。3.细读(detailedreading)—复读文章，反复揣摩所填之词是否符合文章内容，其拼写是否正确。四、解题误区一、忽视小标题。各类标题更能帮我们把握整篇文章的大意，体现文体特点，有利于帮助我们判断文章来源出处二、忽视首尾段。写作意图题和主旨大意题三、阅读文章时逐字逐句，力争读懂每一句话。贴合文本不主观代入

首段（文章主题）

小标题（每个段落

主题）SoutheastMichiganiscentraltoalotoflow-costandfreeactivities

tokeepkidsoccupied,happyandlearningduringholidays.Here’salist

fromtheDetroitFreePress’seducationreporter.

首段（文章主题）iscentral——low-cost、freeactivities目的：keepkidsoccupied（忙碌）、happyandlearningduringholidays（假期）21.WhatdoweknowabouttheNatureCenter?（细节理解题）A.Itisopen

allday. B.Ithasanimalsinit.C.Itisintheoutdoors. D.Itoffersguideservice.对theNatureCenter了解多少？（从文章中对theNatureCenter

能够得到什么信息？）A.全天开放B.有动物C.在户外D.提供导游服务21.WhatdoweknowabouttheNatureCenter?（细节理解）A.Itisopen

allday. B.Ithasanimalsinit.C.Itisintheoutdoors. D.Itoffersguideservice.Self-guidednaturewalksatHeritagePark,FarmingtonHillsFarmingtonHillsFarmingtonPublicSchoolpartneredwiththeFarmingtonNatureCenter

atHeritageParktocreateprintable,self-guidednaturewalkswithactivitiesforchildrenthissummer.TheNatureCenter,indoors,isalsoopenincaseitstartstorainandfeaturesmanykindsofanimals,whichisgreatforkids.TheNatureCenterisfreeandopenMondaythroughSaturdayfrom10a.m.to4p.m.andSundayfromnoonuntil4p.m.篡改内容篡改内容21.WhatdoweknowabouttheNatureCenter?（细节理解）A.Itisopen

allday. B.Ithasanimalsinit.C.Itisintheoutdoors.

D.Itoffersguideservice.Self-guidednaturewalksatHeritagePark,FarmingtonHillsFarmingtonHillsFarmingtonPublicSchoolpartneredwiththeFarmingtonNatureCenter

atHeritageParktocreateprintable,self-guidednaturewalkswithactivitiesforchildrenthissummer.TheNatureCenter,indoors,isalsoopenincaseitstartstorainandfeaturesmanykindsofanimals,whichisgreatforkids.TheNatureCenterisfreeandopen

MondaythroughSaturdayfrom10a.m.to4p.m.andSundayfromnoonuntil4p.m.篡改内容21.WhatdoweknowabouttheNatureCenter?（细节理解）A.Itisopen

allday. B.Ithasanimalsinit.C.Itisintheoutdoors.

D.Itoffersguideservice.Self-guidednaturewalksatHeritagePark,FarmingtonHillsFarmingtonHillsFarmingtonPublicSchoolpartneredwiththeFarmingtonNatureCenteratHeritageParktocreateprintable,self-guidednaturewalkswithactivitiesforchildrenthissummer.TheNatureCenter,indoors,isalsoopenincaseitstartstorainandfeaturesmanykindsofanimals,whichisgreatforkids.TheNatureCenterisfreeandopen

MondaythroughSaturdayfrom10a.m.to4p.m.andSundayfromnoonuntil4p.m.featurev.以...为特征22.Whichofthefollowingrequiresbooking

inadvance?

（细节理解题）A.Publicplanetariumshows. B.Self-guidednaturewalks.C.AnactivityheldbyStemville. D.Thepaper-cuttingactivityinAnnArborArtsCenter.熟词生义：v.预订、预约以下哪一项需要提前预订？22.Whichofthefollowingrequiresbooking

inadvance?

（细节理解题）Stemville,NorthvilleandDetroitIfyouwanttoencouragealittlescienceandengineeringcreativity,Stemvillepromisestoencouragekidstocreatewithvarioustools,robotsandmore.Thissummer,theorganizationishostingapop-up（快闪）,whichrequiresparentstobookonlineaheadoftime.Cost:$20foronechildandoneadultatNorthville.同义替换inadvance=aheadoftime提前答案C.AnactivityheldbyStemville.

23.Whatdothefouractivities

haveincommon?（细节理解题）

A.Theyhaveanagelimit. B.Theyarefreeofcharge.C.Theyincludeafilm-watchingperiod. D.Theytakeplaceinsummer.找共性这四项活动有什么共同点？A.有年龄限制。B.是免费的。C.其中包括一段看电影的时间。D.活动的时间在夏天。23.Whatdothefouractivities

haveincommon?（细节理解题）

A.Theyhaveanagelimit. B.Theyarefreeofcharge.C.Theyincludeafilm-watchingperiod. D.Theytakeplaceinsummer.AnnArborArtsCenterAnnArborArtsCenter,togetherwithotherprogramsforkidsandteens,offersafamilyFridayeventonselectFridaysduringthesummerholidays......暑假（夏天）23.Whatdothefouractivities

haveincommon?（细节理解题）

A.Theyhaveanagelimit. B.Theyarefreeofcharge.C.Theyincludeafilm-watchingperiod. D.Theytakeplaceinsummer.Self-guidednature