专题10 《主谓一致》核心考点系统梳理与进阶训练（讲义）

专题10《主谓一致》核心考点系统梳理与进阶训练（讲义）目录考查要求速览核心知识梳理高频考点精讲进阶分级训练（基础巩固+能力强化）一、考查要求速览only...butalso...的考查聚焦三大核心原则（语法一致、意义一致、就近一致）与语境综合应用，常与动词时态、语态融合设题，多分布于语法填空、短文改错两大题型。命题依托鲜活语篇，侧重考查特殊主语（如集体名词、单数形式表复数意义的名词）、复杂句式（如主语从句、倒装句）及固定结构（如“分数/百分数+of+名词”“notonly...butalso...”）的主谓一致判断，近三年考查频次较高，要求考生在理解语篇语义的基础上，精准运用语法规则。备考核心需突破：特殊句式中主语的数的判断、语境中集体名词的数的灵活变化、固定搭配后的主谓一致规则应用，建立“规则记忆—语境分析—逻辑验证”的解题思维。二、核心知识梳理（一）主谓一致三大核心原则主谓一致是指句子主语与谓语动词在人称和数上需保持高度统一，核心遵循以下三大原则：语法一致原则：谓语动词的数严格依据主语的语法形式（单数/复数）确定，是最基础的一致规则。意义一致原则：谓语动词的数由主语所表达的实际意义（单数概念/复数概念）决定，而非仅看语法形式。就近一致原则：谓语动词的数由靠近它的主语（或并列主语中靠近谓语的部分）的数决定。（二）八大高频应用场景（附核心规则+典型例句）场景1：单数主语→单数谓语【核心规则】不可数名词、单数可数名词（含a/an+名词、the+单数名词）作主语时，谓语动词需用单数形式。例句1：Airisindispensableforalllivingcreatures.（不可数名词air作主语，谓语用is）例句2：Amodernlaboratorywillbeconstructedinthecampusnextsemester.（单数可数名词laboratory作主语，谓语用willbeconstructed）场景2：复数主语→复数谓语【核心规则】可数名词复数（名词+s/es形式）、复数代词（we/you/they等）作主语时，谓语动词需用复数形式。例句1：Thesereferencebooksbelongtotheschoollibrary.（复数名词books作主语，谓语用belong）例句2：Theyhavepletedtheresearchprojectasscheduled.（复数代词they作主语，谓语用havepleted）场景3：集体名词的主谓一致（意义一致原则）【核心规则】集体名词（如family,class,team,group等）作主语时，表“整体概念”（如班级、家庭），谓语用单数；表“集体中的个体成员”，谓语用复数。例句1：Ourteamisgoingtoparticipateinthenationalpetition.（team表“团队整体”，谓语用isgoing）例句2：Theclassarediscussingtheenvironmentalprotectionplan.（class表“班级成员”，谓语用arediscussing）场景4：“分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语（意义一致原则）【核心规则】谓语动词的数由“of后的名词”决定：名词为单数/不可数时，谓语用单数；名词为复数时，谓语用复数。例句1：Threefourthsoftheenergyisderivedfromrenewablesources.（of后为不可数名词energy，谓语用is）例句2：Fiftypercentoftheparticipantsareinfavorofthenewpolicy.（of后为复数名词participants，谓语用are）场景5：“neither...nor.../either...or.../notonly...butalso...”连接主语（就近一致原则）【核心规则】谓语动词的数由“靠近谓语的主语”的数决定。例句1：Neitherthemanagernorthestafflikestheunreasonablerule.（靠近谓语的主语为thestaff，此处表“全体员工”单数概念，谓语用likes）例句2：Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherislookingforwardtothevacation.（靠近谓语的主语为theteacher，单数，谓语用is）场景6：“therebe”句型（就近一致原则）【核心规则】be动词的数由“靠近be动词的名词”的数决定。例句1：Thereisalaptopandtwonotebooksonthedesk.（靠近be的是单数名词alaptop，用is）例句2：Therearetwonotebooksandalaptoponthedesk.（靠近be的是复数名词twonotebooks，用are）场景7：单数形式表复数意义的名词（特殊规则）【核心规则】部分名词形式为单数，语义为复数（如people,police,cattle等），谓语动词需用复数；此类名词不可直接与a/an连用。例句1：Thepoliceareinvestigatingthetrafficaccident.（police表复数意义，谓语用areinvestigating）例句2：Peopleinthisregionarefondoftraditionalcrafts.（people表复数意义，谓语用are）场景8：“the+形容词”作主语（意义一致原则）【核心规则】“the+形容词”（如thepoor,theold,theyoung）表“一类人”时，谓语用复数；表“抽象概念”时，谓语用单数。例句1：Thedisabledareprovidedwithfreemedicalcareinthisregion.（thedisabled表“残疾人”，复数意义，谓语用are）例句2：Thetrueismorevaluablethanthebeautiful.（thetrue表“抽象的真理”，单数意义，谓语用is）（三）核心易错点辨析集体名词的数的误判：避免将集体名词统一视为单数，需结合语境判断表“整体”还是“成员”（如Thegrouparepreparingfortheperformance.此处group表成员，谓语用复数）。就近原则的忽略：“neither...nor.../either...or.../notonly...butalso...”连接主语时，必须以“靠近谓语的主语”为准（如Neitheryounorheisresponsibleforthemistake.靠近谓语的是he，用is）。特殊名词的数的混淆：“cattle,police”等单数形式表复数的名词，谓语必须用复数，且不可与a/an连用（如Thecattlearegrazinginthepasture.不可说acattle）。附加结构的干扰：主语后接with,aswellas,togetherwith等附加结构时，谓语动词需与前面的核心主语保持一致（如Thedirectoraswellashisassistantsisbusywiththeproject.核心主语为thedirector，单数）。三、高频考点精讲（典型例题+深度解析）典型例题1．_______,aswellasherrelatives,_______awarmwelewhenreturningtothehometownlastmonth.A．isgivenB．wasgivenC．aregivenD．weregiven【答案】B【解析】考查时态语态与主谓一致。句意：某人连同其亲属上月返乡时受到了热烈欢迎。主句谓语动词与主语之间为被动关系，结合时间状语“lastmonth”可知，需用一般过去时的被动语态；主语后的“aswellasherrelatives”为附加结构，不影响核心主语的数，核心主语为单数概念，谓语动词用单数形式wasgiven。故选B。2．Inthepastfiveyears,manyafilm________allovertheworld.A．haveproducedB．hasbeenproducedC．isproducingD．arebeingproduced【答案】B【解析】考查时态、语态与主谓一致。句意：过去五年间，全球制作了多部电影。根据时间状语“Inthepastfiveyears”可知，需用现在完成时；“manyafilm”与“produce”为被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态；“manya+可数名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词需用单数形式，因此空格处填hasbeenproduced。故选B。3．Nosoonerhadthefilmbeenreleasedthan_______aswellasothercritics________tomentonit.A．isinvitedB．hasinvitedC．wereinvitedD．wasinvited【答案】D【解析】考查时态、语态与主谓一致。句意：该电影一经上映，某人及其他评论家便受邀对其进行评论。“Nosooner...than...”结构中，“nosooner”后的从句用过去完成时，“than”后的从句用一般过去时；主语与“invite”为被动关系，需用一般过去时的被动语态；“aswellas”连接主语时遵循“就远原则”，核心主语为单数概念，谓语动词用单数形式wasinvited。故选D。4．Theartistalongwithhispartners________tenexhibitionsinthepastthreemonths.A．hasgivenB．havegivenC．gaveD．weregiving【答案】A【解析】考查时态与主谓一致。句意：该艺术家及其合作伙伴在过去三个月内举办了十场展览。根据时间状语“inthepastthreemonths”可知，需用现在完成时，表过去动作对现在的影响；“alongwith”连接主语时，谓语动词与前面的核心主语“Theartist”保持一致，核心主语为单数，助动词用has，故空格处填hasgiven。故选A。5．Morethanonememberoftheteam________toactintheshortplay,which________tomorrow.A．are;istobeperformedB．are;istoperformC．is;istobeperformedD．is;aretobeperformed【答案】C【解析】考查主谓一致与语态。句意：该团队不止一名成员将在明日上演的短剧中出演角色。“Morethanone+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；定语从句中，关系代词which指代先行词theshortplay（单数），与“perform”为被动关系，需用被动语态，故第二空填istobeperformed。故选C。即时演练1．—Whichwouldyouprefer,teaorcoffee?—Either________OK,butIprefercoffee________milk.A．is,toB．are,withC．is,withD．are,to【答案】C【解析】考查主谓一致与介词辨析。句意：——你想要茶还是咖啡？——两者任一均可，但我更喜欢加牛奶的咖啡。“either”表“两者中的任一”，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，故第一空填is；“prefer...with...”表示“更喜欢含有……的……”，结合句意第二空填with。故选C。2．Theconstructionofthenewbridge,togetherwithseveralsurroundingroads,_______expected_______bytheendofnextyeartoeasetrafficjams.A．is...tobepletedB．are...topleteC．is..pletedD．are...beingpleted【答案】A【解析】考查主谓一致与非谓语动词。句意：新桥的建设连同周边多条道路，预计将于明年年底前完工，以缓解交通拥堵。第一空为谓语动词，“togetherwith”连接主语时，谓语动词与核心主语“Theconstructionofthenewbridge”（单数概念）保持一致，故填is；第二空为固定搭配“beexpectedtodosth”，表示“预计做某事”，主语“Theconstruction”与“plete”为被动关系，需用动词不定式的被动形式tobepleted。故选A。3．Inthepastfewyears,apopularsocialappaswellastelephones________animportantpartindailymunication.A．hasplayedB．haveplayedC．isplayingD．play【答案】A【解析】考查时态与主谓一致。句意：过去几年间，某热门社交应用及电话在日常交流中发挥了重要作用。根据时间状语“Inthepastfewyears”可知，需用现在完成时；“aswellas”连接主语时遵循“就远原则”，核心主语为单数概念，助动词用has，故空格处填hasplayed。故选A。4．________,togetherwithsomecolleagues,________toattendanimportantmeetinglastweekend.A．invitedB．hadinvitedC．wasinvitedD．wereinvited【答案】C【解析】考查时态、语态与主谓一致。句意：某人连同其同事于上周末受邀参加一场重要会议。根据时间状语“lastweekend”可知，需用一般过去时；主语与“invite”为被动关系，需用一般过去时的被动语态；“togetherwith”连接主语时，谓语动词与核心主语（单数概念）保持一致，故be动词用was。故选C。5．Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyedinthatarea,aquantityofland______desertseachyear.A．hasbeenturnedintoB．havebeenturnedintoC．isbeingturnedintoD．arebeingturnedinto【答案】C【解析】考查时态、语态与主谓一致。句意：随着该地区更多森林遭到破坏，每年都有大量土地正逐渐变为沙漠。根据“eachyear”及语境可知，需用现在进行时表持续发生的动作；“land”与“turninto”为被动关系，需用现在进行时的被动语态；“aquantityof+不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，故be动词用is。故选C。6．Itisthefirsttimethatmorethanoneancientpainting______tothepublicoutsidethemuseum.A．aredisplayedB．hasbeendisplayedC．havebeendisplayedD．isdisplayed【答案】B【解析】考查时态、语态与主谓一致。句意：这是首次在博物馆外向公众展出多幅古画。固定句型“Itisthefirsttimethat...”中，that从句需用现在完成时；主语“morethanoneancientpainting”与“display”为被动关系，需用现在完成时的被动语态；“morethanone+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，故空格处填hasbeendisplayed。故选B。7．Thefinalexamissochallengingthat________student________it.A．overone;hasfailedB．morethanone;hasfailedC．onemore;havefailedD．manya;havefailed【答案】B【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：这场期末考试难度极大，以至于不止一名学生未能通过。“morethanone+单数名词”为固定表达，意为“不止一个”，虽语义表复数，但语法上要求谓语动词用单数形式hasfailed；“manya+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词也需用单数，故排除D；“overone”非规范表达，“onemore”表“另一个”，不符合句意。故选B。8．Thenumberofparticipantswho________theirapplications________expectations.A．hassubmitted;hasexceededB．hassubmitted;haveexceededC．havesubmitted;hasexceededD．havesubmitted;haveexceeded【答案】C【解析】考查时态与主谓一致。句意：提交申请的参与者人数已超出预期。定语从句中，先行词“participants”为复数，从句谓语动词用复数形式havesubmitted；主句主语“Thenumberofparticipants”中，“thenumberof+复数名词”表“……的数量”，核心主语为number（单数），谓语动词用单数形式hasexceeded。故选C。9．_______aswellashersisterinterestedinlearningEnglish.A．areB．takeC．takesD．is【答案】D【解析】考查主谓一致与固定短语。句意：某人及其妹妹均对英语学习感兴趣。固定短语“beinterestedin...”表示“对……感兴趣”，句子陈述客观事实，需用一般现在时；“aswellas”连接主语时遵循“就远原则”，核心主语为单数概念，故be动词用is。故选D。10．TheremainsoftheNewYear’sresolutions_______dustysportswear,andwhatremainsoftheambition_______thishalfeatensnack.A．are;areB．is;areC．is;isD．are;is【答案】D【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：新年决心的“残骸”是满是灰尘的运动服，而雄心壮志的“余留”则是这袋吃了一半的零食。“theremainsof...”表示“……的剩余部分”，为复数概念，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式，故第一空填are；“whatremainsof...”引导主语从句，从句作主语时视为单数概念，谓语动词用单数形式，故第二空填is。故选D。四、进阶分级训练（一）基础巩固（单项选择）1．Inthepast,there______largeamountsofland______thecountry.A．was;belongstoB．were;belongingtoC．were;belongstoD．was;belongingto2．NeitherSaturdaynorSunday________OKbecauseIwillbebusythesetwodays.A．areB．isC．amD．be3．NeithermyclassmatesnorI__________bytheteacheryesterday.A．ampunishedB．waspunishedC．werepunishedD．hadbeenpunished4．Notonlymyparentsbutalsomychild__________thisdocumentary.A．likeB．islikeC．arelikeD．likes5．Eitheryouoryourpartners_________toattendthemeetingthere.A．isB．areC．wereD．willbe6．Thenewfilmisshowinginthetheater.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacher________thefilmnow.A．isenjoyingB．enjoyC．areenjoyingD．enjoyed7．NotonlyIbutalsotwoothers________fondofwatchingtelevision.A．areB．amC．isD．be8．EitherJohnorhisfriends________toblameforthebadresults.A．areB．isC．beD．am9．Neitheryounorhe________troublesettlingtheproblem,butwhatworriesus________whetheryoucanadapttothenewlife.A．has;isB．has;areC．have;isD．have;are10．Eitheryouoroneofyourstudents____________toattendthemeetingthere.A．isB．areC．wereD．be11．Thenumberof_____inourclass____fifty.A．student;isB．thestudent;areC．thestudents;is12．Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests，alarge________ofdesert________coveredtheland．A．number；hasB．amount；hasC．number；haveD．amount；have13．Eachsoldierandsailor________givenariflewhentheshiplanded.A．wereB．wasC．areD．is14．Thenumberofthestudentsinthepetition_______writtendownalready.A．havebeenB．hasbeenC．areD．is15．—Theeducationsystemratherthantheteachers_______toanswerfortheheavyburdenonthestudents.—Iagree.Ihopethereformbeingcarriedoutinthecountryatpresentwillbringaboutthe_______results.A．are;desiredB．is;desiredC．are;desiringD．is;desiring16．Thenumberofteenagerswhomitcrimes_________20%overthepastyears.A．havebeenreducedbyB．hasbeenreducedbyC．havebeenreducedtoD．hasbeenreducedto17．Withruralecosystemimproving,thenumberoftouriststovillages________yearbyyear.A．haveincreasedB．increasesC．isincreasingD．areincreasing18．Morethanonestudent___beensentabroadsince2000.Morethanonehundredstudents___beensentabroadsince2000.A．have;haveB．has;hasC．have;hasD．has;have19．Hugequantitiesoffreshwater___________theresincetheseriousdroughtinthesouthernregions.A．havesentB．hassentC．hasbeensentD．havebeensent20．Whenthesun’srayshittheearth,alotofheat______________backintospace.A．arereflectedB．isreflectedC．reflectsD．werereflected21．________iseasytorecognizeasshe'stheonlyoneofthewomenwho___________eveningdress.A．wearB．havebeenwormC．hasbeenwornD．wears22．Thenumberofpeople,whohaveaccesstotheirowncars,______sharplyinthepastdecade.A．roseB．isrisingC．haverisenD．hasrisen23．Thisisthefirsttimethatthewholeprocessofablackhole_______eatingastar,fromitsfirsttonearlyfinalbites.A．wasseenB．hasbeenseenC．hasseenD．hadseen24．Inthelastfewyears,theGreatBookHunt____oneofthebestactivitiesduringaculturalweek.A．isB．hasbeenC．wasD．havebeen25．Whatweneed________goodtextbooks.A．isB．areC．haveD．has26．I________fromaforeigncountry,andhe________fromacityinthenorth.A．am,isB．am,areC．is,areD．am,am27．Thenewsoftheearthquake______whenalargequantityofreliefsupplies_______tothedisasterstrickenarea．A．washardlyspread;wasdeliveredB．washardlyspread;weredeliveredC．hadhardlyspread;wasdeliveredD．hadhardlyspread;weredelivered28．There________somebreadandtwocakesintheplate.A．areB．isC．haveD．has29．Thisistheonlyoneofthestudentsthetruth.A．thatknowsB．thatknowC．whichknowsD．whoknow30．TheBridgetoanancientdynasty,butitisstillingoodcondition.A．datesbackB．isdatingbackC．datedbackD．isdatedback（二）能力强化（语法填空）语法填空1阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Whoissmarter？Ahumanbeingorartificialintelligence？Thequestion31（sweep）acrosstheworldwhenaprogramdevelopedbyatechpanydefeatedtheworldtopplayer.So，whatesnext？Somepeoplearepessimistic，sayingthatthefulldevelopmentofartificialintelligence，32AIinshort，couldmeantheendofthehumanrace.Soarewereallyabouttoliveintheworld33（show）incertainsciencefictionmovies？“Notquite，”answeredajournalistofafamousnewspaper，34isoptimisticaboutthefuture.“Wethinkthat，forhumanbeings，thingslikesightandbalance，35（be）naturalandordinaryindailylife.Also，humanbeingsarebetteratmaking36（adjust）tothesurroundings.WehavealongwaytogobeforeAIcan37（true）begintobesimilartothehumanbrain，eventhoughthetechnologycanbeadvanced.”Meanwhile，thejournalistsaidthatresearchersshouldbuildartificialintelligencetomakepeoplemore38（effect）.“Ourfate（命运）is39ourownhands，”headded.“Sincetechnologydependsonthevaluesof40(it)creators,wecanchoosetousetechnologytoimprovetheworld.”语法填空2阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Likeotherbigcities,ametropolishasalsoatrafficproblem:lotsofcars,trafficjamsandtrafficpollution.Sosince2007,thecity41(start)aplantoimprovethesituation.Underaproject,peoplecantakeabicycle,useitaslongastheywant,andthenleaveitatthesameoranotherbicyclestation.Thefirsthalfhourisfree,42ifyoudon’treturnitafter30minutes,youhavetopay.It’sonlyasmallamountofmoneyperyear.Thebicyclesareasheavyas25kilograms,andthey’reallgreyandhavebaskets.There’realargenumberof43(they)inthecity,andthebicyclestationsaremorethanthesubwaystations!Themetropolisisn’tthefirstcitytooperateaprojectlikethis.Oneresidentsaid,“Thesebicyclesareonlysuitableforshort44(journey).Ifpeoplewanttotravelacrossthecity,theywon’tuseabicycle—they’llstillusetheircars.”Acityspokesmansaid,“Thebicycleprojectwon’tsolveallourtrafficproblems,butitmightworkin45(reduce)airpollution.Traffic,togetherwithfactoryfumes,46(be)abigproblem.Everyoneknowsaboutglobalwarminganddramaticclimatechanges—weknowthisispartlybecauserainforestsare47(gradual)disappearing.Andit’salsobecausethere’ssomuchpollution.Therearen’tanysimpleanswers48trafficproblemsandpollutionincities,butthebicyclesmighthelppeoplelead49healthierlife.Unlesswedosomethingnow,there’llbemoretrafficjamsandtemperatureswillcontinuetorise,sotheproblemsinourenvironmentwillgeteven50(bad).”语法填空3阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。AnewhitTVshowhasmadearemoteregionanew51(strike)tourismdestinationamongyoungpeople,whoareattractedbythebreathtakingviewsandthesimpleandheartwarminglivesofthelocalresidents.52(adapt)fromacollectionofprose,theseriestellsthestoryofayoungwomanwhoreturnedtoherhometownafterhavingsetbacks.Sinceitspremiereonacertaindate,theshowhasbee53hit.Withthehelpof4KultraHDcameras,theseriescapturestheuntouchedbeautyoftheregion54grasslandstretchesformilesagainstthesnowcappedmountains,andflocksofsheepgrazeleisurelyonpastures.55thevividdisplayoflocalculture,peoplealsolovetheshowforits56(character)andtheirstories.Theycelebratethefunofordinarylifeandreflectmonhumanity.Oncepeoplehaveseentheworldandsatisfiedtheirmaterialneeds,theystarttolookinside,tosearchforasenseofpeaceandsatisfactionandtorealizetheirselfworth.Itis57(probable)thisreconnectionwithone’sinnerworldandthedesirefortruebeauty58drawssomanyviewersin.It’snotthefirsttimeinrecentyearsthatahitshow59(help)turnitslocationintoapopulartourismdestination.Inacertainmonthofarecentyear,anotherTVdramamadeasoutherncityapopulartourismdestination.Aresearcherfromatravelagencysaidthatlocalauthoritiesortourismrelatedentitiescanmakethemostoftourproductsbybiningnaturalviewsandculturalelementsintheregion60(improve)people’stravelexperiences.语法填空4阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Aprovincialcityfootballleague,often61(call)byitsabbreviation,isapopularamateurfootballleagueinaprovince.Itaimstoencourageordinarypeopletotakepart62sportsandliveahealthylifestyle.Theplayers,63loveplayingfootballverymuch,arepeoplefromallwalksoflife,regardlessoftheirageorskilllevel.Forthem,theleaguenotonlyprovidesachance64(win)games,butalsohelpstomakenewfriendsandreducestressfromworkorstudy.Watchingaleaguematchcanbeveryexciting.Theplayersmaynotbeprofessionalenoughtomatchthosefamousfootball65(star),buttheirpassionforfootballisequallystrong.Theyalwaystrytheirbesttofight.Audiencesfromdifferentcitiesetocheerfortheirhomeplayers,creating66friendlyandlivelyatmosphere(氛围).Sincetheverystart,theleague67(bee)increasinglywellreceived,andhasbeenenjoyinggreat68(popular)acrossthewholecountry.Ithasplayedakeyroleinpromotingfootballcultureintheprovinceandhasboostedtourismaswell.Ifyouare69(interest)inwatchingthegame,youcanapplyforticketsonline.It70(be)awonderfulexperienceforanyonewholovesfootballtowatchthematch.参考答案（一）基础巩固（单项选择）1．B【解析】考查主谓一致和非谓语动词。句意：过去，有大量土地属于该国。根据“inthepast”可知，句子为一般过去时；“therebe”句型中，主语“largeamountsofland”为复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式were；第二空作后置定语修饰land，“belongto”无被动语态，用现在分词belongingto。故选B。2．B【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：周六和周日都不行，因为这两天我很忙。“neither...nor...”连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致原则”，靠近谓语的主语Sunday为单数，故谓语动词用单数形式is。故选B。3．B【解析】考查时态、语态与主谓一致。句意：昨天我和同学都没有受到老师的惩罚。主语与“punish”为被动关系，结合时间状语“yesterday”可知，用一般过去时的被动语态；“neither...nor...”连接主语时遵循“就近一致原则”，靠近谓语的主语I对应的be动词为was。故选B。4．D【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：不仅我的父母，我的孩子也喜欢这部纪录片。“notonly...butalso...”连接并列主语时遵循“就近一致原则”，靠近谓语的主语mychild为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式likes；“islike”表示“像……”，不符合句意。故选D。5．B【解析】考查时态与主谓一致。句意：你或你的合作伙伴需参加那里的会议。“either...or...”连接主语时遵循“就近一致原则”，靠近谓语的主语yourpartners为复数，结合语境用一般现在时表要求，故be动词用are。故选B。6．A【解析】考查时态与主谓一致。句意：这部新电影正在电影院上映，现在不仅学生们，他们的老师也在欣赏这部电影。根据时间状语“now”可知，用现在进行时；“notonly...butalso...”连接主语时遵循“就近一致原则”，靠近谓语的主语theirteacher为单数，谓语动词用单数形式isenjoying。故选A。7．A【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：不仅我，另外两人也喜欢看电视。“notonly...butalso...”连接主语时遵循“就近一致原则”，靠近谓语的主语twoothers为复数，谓语动词用复数形式are。故选A。8．A【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：不是约翰就是他的朋友要为糟糕的结果负责。“either...or...”连接主语时遵循“就近一致原则”，靠近谓语的主语hisfriends为复数，谓语动词用复数形式are。故选A。9．A【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：你和他解决这个问题都没有困难，但让我们担心的是你能否适应新生活。前半句中，“neither...nor...”连接主语时遵循“就近一致原则”，靠近谓语的主语he为单数，谓语动词用has；后半句中，“what引导的主语从句”作主语，视为单数，谓语动词用is。故选A。10．A【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：不是你就是你的一名学生要参加那里的会议。“either...or...”连接主语时遵循“就近一致原则”，靠近谓语的主语oneofyourstudents为单数，谓语动词用单数形式is。故选A。11．C【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：我们班的学生人数是五十人。“thenumberof+复数名词”表示“……的数量”，核心主语为number（单数），谓语动词用is；“student”需用复数形式students与the搭配。故选C。12．B【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：由于森林遭到破坏，大量沙漠已经覆盖了这片土地。“desert”为不可数名词，“alargenumberof”修饰可数名词复数，“alargeamountof”修饰不可数名词，故排除A、C；“alargeamountof+不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式has。故选B。13．B【解析】考查时态与主谓一致。句意：船靠岸时，每位士兵和水手都得到了一把步枪。根据“whentheshiplanded”可知，用一般过去时；“each/every+AandB”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式was。故选B。14．B【解析】考查时态与主谓一致。句意：参加比赛的学生人数已经被记录下来了。根据“already”可知，用现在完成时；“thenumberof+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式hasbeen。故选B。15．B【解析】考查主谓一致与非谓语动词。句意：——应该是教育系统而非教师为学生的沉重负担负责。——我同意。希望目前正在进行的改革能带来预期的结果。“ratherthan”连接主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语“Theeducationsystem”（单数）保持一致，故第一空填is；“results”与“desire”为被动关系，用过去分词desired作定语。故选B。16．B【解析】考查时态、语态与主谓一致。句意：过去几年间，青少年犯罪率下降了20%。“by+百分比”表示“下降了……”，“to+数值”表示“下降到……”，结合句意排除C、D；“thenumberof+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式hasbeenreducedby。故选B。17．C【解析】考查时态与主谓一致。句意：随着乡村生态系统的改善，前往乡村的游客人数正逐年增加。根据“yearbyyear”可知，用现在进行时表持续增长的趋势；“thenumberof+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式isincreasing。故选C。18．D【解析】考查时态与主谓一致。句意：自2000年以来，不止一名学生被派往国外。自2000年以来，已有一百多名学生被派往国外。“morethanone+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式has；“morethanonehundred+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式have。故选D。19．D【解析】考查时态、语态与主谓一致。句意：自从南方地区遭遇严重干旱以来，大量淡水已被送往那里。“quantitiesof+不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“freshwater”与“send”为被动关系，结合“since”可知，用现在完成时的被动语态havebeensent。故选D。20．B【解析】考查时态、语态与主谓一致。句意：当太阳光线照射到地球时，大量热量被反射回太空。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；“heat”为不可数名词，与“reflect”为被动关系，谓语动词用单数形式isreflected。故选B。21．D【解析】考查主谓一致与时态。句意：某人很容易被认出来，因为她是唯一一位穿晚礼服的女性。“theonlyoneof+复数名词”作先行词时，定语从句的谓语动词与theonlyone保持一致，用单数形式；句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，故选D。22．D【解析】考查时态与主谓一致。句意：过去十年间，拥有私家车的人数急剧上升。根据“inthepastdecade”可知，用现在完成时；“thenumberof+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式hasrisen。故选D。23．B【解析】考查时态、语态与主谓一致。句意：这是首次观测到黑洞吞噬恒星的全过程，从第一次到几乎最后一次吞噬。“Thisisthefirsttimethat...”句型中，that从句用现在完成时；“thewholeprocess”与“see”为被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态hasbeenseen。故选B。24．B【解析】考查时态与主谓一致。句意：过去几年间，“图书寻宝活动”已成为某文化周期间最受欢迎的活动之一。根据“Inthelastfewyears”可知，用现在完成时；主语“theGreatBookHunt”为单数，谓语动词用单数形式hasbeen。故选B。25．B【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：我们需要的是好的教科书。“what引导的主语从句”作主语时，谓语动词的数由表语决定，表语“goodtextbooks”为复数，故谓语动词用are。故选B。26．A【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：我来自外国，他来自北方的一座城市。主语I对应的be动词为am，主语he对应的be动词为is。故选A。27．C【解析】考查时态、语态与主谓一致。句意：地震的消息刚传开，大量救灾物资就被送到了灾区。“hardly...when...”句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时；“thenews”为单数，与“spread”为主动关系，主句用hadhardlyspread；“alargequantityof+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式wasdelivered。故选C。28．B【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：盘子里有一些面包和两块蛋糕。“therebe”句型中，谓语动词遵循“就近一致原则”，靠近be动词的“somebread”为不可数名词，故be动词用is。故选B。29．A【解析】考查定语从句与主谓一致。句意：这是唯一一名知道真相的学生。先行词为“theonlyoneofthestudents”，指人，定语从句用that引导；从句谓语动词与theonlyone保持一致，用单数形式knows。故选A。30．A【解析】考查时态与主谓一致。句意：这座桥可追溯至古代某朝代，但至今仍保存完好。“datebackto”表示“追溯到”，无被动语态和进行时，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语“TheBridge”为单数，谓语动词用单数形式datesback。故选A。（二）能力强化（语法填空）语法填空131．swept32．or33．shown34．who35．are36．adjustment（s）37．truly