2026年中考英语语法总复习-情态动词讲义及练习（含解析）

2026年中考英语语法总复习-情态动词讲义及练习（含解析）2026中考英语语法总复习·情态动词

模块一：can/could与beableto

1.核心用法

功能类型规则示例提醒

表能力①can（现在时，表当前能力）；②could（过去时，仅表“过去有能力”，不强调结果）；③beableto（可用于任何时态，强调“成功完成”）①HecansolveEnglishgrammarproblemsquickly.（现在能力）②Shecouldswimat5,butneverwonacompetition.（过去能力）③Theclimberwasabletoreachthetopintherain.（过去成功完成）过去“成功做到"必用was/wereableto，不用could

表请求/允许①could比can更委婉（中考优选委婉表达）；②肯定回答用can/may（不用could）；③否定回答用can't（委婉拒绝）/mustn't（禁止）—CouldIborrowyourEnglishnotebookforthetestreview—Sure,youcan.Butyoumustn'twriteonit.could仅表委婉，回答不用could

表推测①仅用于否定句/疑问句；②can't表“不可能”（语气强，有依据）；③couldn't语气稍弱；④肯定推测绝对不用can/could①Thisvoicecan'tbeTom's—he'sawayonaschooltrip.②CouldtheEnglishtapebeinyourschoolbag（不确定疑问）肯定推测用must/may/might

2.易错提醒

错误：HecouldfinishtheEnglishreportyesterday.（表过去成功完成）→正确：HewasabletofinishtheEnglishreportyesterday.

错误：Hecanbeathomenow.（肯定推测）→正确：Hemust/maybeathomenow.

错误：—CouldIuseyourpen—Yes,youcould.→正确：—CouldIuseyourpen—Yes,youcan.

3.特殊句型

can'thelpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事

Manystudentscan'thelplaughingatthefunnyEnglishstory.

can't...too+形容词/副词越……越好

Youcan'tbetoocarefulwithEnglishexampapers.

4.即时训练

—_______youfinishtheEnglishlisteningtaskin8minutes

—IthinkIcan.

A.Must

B.Can

C.May

D.Should

Thetraveler_______getthroughtheforestbecauseoftheheavyfoglastnight.

A.couldn't

B.can't

C.wasn'tabletoD.isn'tableto

—CouldIkeepyourEnglishdictionaryfortwodays

—_______.Idon'tneeditrecently.

A.No,youcan't

B.Mustn't

C.Sure,youcanD.Yes,youmust

ThisEnglishsong_______besungbyachild.It'stoodifficult.

A.can

B.must

C.can't

D.might

WhenseeingtheEnglishcartoon,thelittlegirl_______helplaughing.

A.can't

B.couldn't

C.can'thelp

D.couldn'thelp

模块二：may/might

1.核心用法

语气强度排序：

must（一定，100%把握）>may（可能，60%-80%把握）>might（或许，40%-60%把握）

功能类型规则示例

表推测①用于肯定句/否定句（maynot/mightnot“可能不"）；②不用于疑问句；③might可表过去或现在的不确定推测①TheEnglishpartymaybeputoffnextweek.（现在推测）②HemightnothavefinishedhisEnglishhomeworkyesterday.（过去推测）

表请求①may比might稍正式；②否定回答用mustn't（禁止）/hadbetternot（委婉拒绝）；③绝对不用maynot回答—MayIbringsnacksintotheEnglishexamroom—No,youmustn't.

表祝愿固定结构：May+主语+动词原形Mayyouachievegoodresultsinthe2026highschoolentranceexam!

2.易错提醒

错误：MayhecometotheEnglishclass（推测疑问）→正确：CouldhecometotheEnglishclass

错误：—MayIgoout—No,youmaynot.→正确：—MayIgoout—No,youmustn't./You'dbetternot.

错误：Mightyouhaveahappyholiday!（祝愿）→正确：Mayyouhaveahappyholiday!

3.即时训练

—MayItakephotosintheEnglishexhibitionhall

—No,you_______.It'sagainsttherules.

A.needn'tB.mustn'tC.couldn'tD.shouldn't

TheEnglishspeechcontest_______beheldonFriday,butwearewaitingforthefinalnotice.

A.mustB.shouldC.mightD.will

_______youenjoytheEnglishsummercampin2026!

A.MustB.MayC.CanD.Should

He_______notattendtheEnglishmeetingtoday.Hehasabadcold.

A.mayB.mustC.canD.should

模块三：must/haveto

1.核心差异拆解

辨析维度must（主观义务）haveto（客观要求）示例

核心逻辑说话人自身意愿、计划或硬性规定外部条件、环境压力或他人要求①ImustpracticeEnglishspeakingeverymorning.（主观计划）②Shehastowalktoschool—herbikeisbroken.（客观原因）

时态变化仅用于现在时；过去时需替换为hadto（间接引语除外）可用于所有时态（has/had/willhaveto）HehadtomisstheEnglishclassyesterdaybecauseofillness.（过去时客观）

否定含义mustn't=禁止、绝对不能（强硬语气）don'thaveto=不必（=needn't，委婉语气）①Youmustn'trunintheEnglishreadingroom.（禁止）②Youdon'thavetohandintheEnglishhomeworktoday.（不必）

2.高频考点：must表肯定推测

【规则】①仅用于肯定句；②后接be（表状态）/bedoing（表正在进行）；③否定推测用can't（不用mustn't）

Thelightison.HemustbeintheEnglishclassroom.（状态推测）

TheymustbepreparingfortheEnglishspeechcontest—they'repracticingloudly.（进行推测）

3.易错提醒

错误：Imustgotoschoolbybustoday—mybikeisbroken.（客观原因）

→正确：Ihavetogotoschoolbybustoday—mybikeisbroken.

错误：—MustIfinishtheEnglishreportnow—No,youmustn't.（否定回答）

→正确：—MustIfinishtheEnglishreportnow—No,youneedn't./Youdon'thaveto.

错误：Thelightisoff.Hemustn'tbeintheroom.（否定推测）

→正确：Thelightisoff.Hecan'tbeintheroom.

4.即时训练

I_______finishmyEnglishcompositiontonight.It'smyownplantoimprovewriting.

A.haveto

B.must

C.should

D.might

She_______retaketheEnglishtestbecauseshefailedlasttime.

A.must

B.hasto

C.should

D.may

—MustIhandintheEnglishhomeworknow

—No,you_______.Youcandoitafterclass.

A.mustn't

B.can't

C.needn't

D.shouldn't

Thedoorislocked.He_______beintheEnglishoffice.

A.must

B.can't

C.may

D.should

You_______shoutintheEnglishlibrary.It'simpolite.

A.mustn't

B.don'thaveto

C.needn't

D.shouldn't

模块四：should/oughtto

1.核心用法

功能类型规则示例

表建议①should=oughtto（oughtto语气稍强）；②否定式：shouldn't/oughtnotto；③口语中should更常用Weshould/oughttolearnmoreEnglishwordstoimprovereading.

表推测“按理说应该”，基于逻辑/常识判断，把握度中等TheEnglishtrainshouldarriveontime—it'snotraining.（基于天气的逻辑推测）

表虚拟①用于suggest/advise/require等表“建议、要求"的词后宾语从句；②结构：(should)+动词原形（should可省略）；TheEnglishteachersuggeststhatwe(should)practicelisteningeverymorning.

2.易错句型：shouldhavedone（后悔/责备）

核心含义：本应该做某事（实际未做），隐含“后悔、责备”语气；

否定式：shouldn'thavedone（本不应该做，实际做了）

Youshouldn'thavestayeduplatebeforetheEnglishexam.Nowyou'retired.

3.易错提醒

错误：TheteachersuggeststhatwewillpracticeEnglish.（虚拟语气）→

正确：Theteachersuggeststhatwe(should)practiceEnglish.

错误：YoushouldtellmeabouttheEnglishtestyesterday.（表过去未做）→

正确：YoushouldhavetoldmeabouttheEnglishtestyesterday.

错误：Heshouldbeathome—hisbikeisoutside.（强依据推测）→

正确：Hemustbeathome—hisbikeisoutside.（should表“应该”，把握度低于must）

4.即时训练

TheEnglishteachersuggeststhatwe_______readoneEnglishshortstoryweekly.

A.would

B.should

C.could

D.must

You_______havetoldyourEnglishteacheraboutyourillness.Shewasworriedaboutyou.

A.should

B.would

C.might

D.could

We_______learnEnglishwelltocommunicatewithforeigners.

A.should

B.can

C.must

D.may

TheEnglishbus_______arriveontime.Thetrafficissmoothtoday.

A.should

B.must

C.can

D.might

模块五：need

1.词性判定技巧

词性句式特征搭配/变化规则示例

情态动词仅用于否定句/疑问句①无三单变化；②否定：needn't；③疑问：Need+主语+动词原形？；④后接动词原形—NeedIfinishtheEnglishworknow

—No,youneedn't.

实义动词可用于肯定句/否定句/疑问句①有三单变化（needs）；②否定：don't/doesn'tneedtodo；③疑问：Do/Does+主语+needtodo？；④搭配：needtodo/needdoing（=needtobedone）①HeneedstobuyanewEnglishdictionary.（needtodo）②TheoldEnglishclassroomneedsrepairing.（=needstoberepaired）

2.易错提醒

错误：HeneedtofinishtheEnglishproject.（实义动词无三单）→

正确：HeneedstofinishtheEnglishproject.

错误：TheEnglishbookneedstorepair.（needdoing用法）→

正确：TheEnglishbookneedsrepairing./needstoberepaired.

错误：—NeedhegototheEnglishclass—Yes,heneeds.（肯定回答）→

正确：—NeedhegototheEnglishclass—Yes,hemust./Yes,heneedsto.

3.即时训练

—_______IborrowyourEnglishdictionary

—No,youneedn't.Icanlendyouanewone.

A.Must

B.Need

C.Should

D.May

TheoldEnglishplayground_______repairing.It'sunsafeforstudents.

A.need

B.needs

C.needn't

D.doesn'tneed

He_______tofinishhisEnglishprojecttoday.Thedeadlineistomorrow.

A.needs

B.need

C.must

D.should

—NeedwepreparefortheEnglishoraltestnow

—_______.Wecandoittomorrowmorning.

A.Yes,wemust

B.No,weneedn'tC.Yes,weneed

D.No,wemustn't

TheEnglishbooks_______(need)tobesortedout.Couldyouhelp（语法填空）

模块六：will/would/wouldrather/hadbetter

1.核心用法速记

will/would表请求：

①Wouldyou...比Willyou...更委婉；②回答用will/won't（不用would）

wouldratherdoAthandoB：

宁愿做A也不做B

hadbetter(not)do：最好（不）做

①无to，后接动词原形；②否定直接加not；③语气较强烈的建议）

2.示例

①—WouldyoumindteachingmetheEnglishsentencestructure—Notatall.

②ManystudentswouldratherreadEnglishe-booksthanpaperbooks.

③YouhadbetternotbelatefortheEnglishexam.

3.即时训练

—_______youmindshowingmehowtousetheEnglishlearningapp

—Notatall.

A.Will

B.Would

C.Must

D.Should

She_______readEnglishnovelsthanwatchTVinherfreetime.

A.wouldrather

B.hadbetter

C.should

D.must

You_______notgototheEnglishcorneraloneatnight.It'sunsafe.

A.hadbetter

B.wouldrather

C.should

D.must

—Wouldyoulike_______totheEnglishconcertwithme

—Yes,I'dloveto.

A.go

B.togo

C.going

D.went

综合训练

（一）单项选择

—_______IuseyourearphonestolistentotheEnglishtape

—Sorry,you_______.Ineedthemnow.

A.May;can't

B.Must;needn'tC.Should;mustn'tD.Can;shouldn't

Thenewlibraryrulessaythatreaders_______keepquietandnotusemobilephones.

A.would

B.must

C.might

D.could

—DidyouattendtheEnglishcorneryesterday

—No,I_______lookaftermylittlesisterathome.

A.must

B.should

C.hadto

D.might

ThisEnglishnovel_______beLucy's.Hernameiswrittenonthecover.

A.can't

B.must

C.might

D.shouldn't

You_______havetoldmeabouttheEnglishtestearlier.Ididn'tprepareatall.

A.would

B.should

C.might

D.could

—_______wegototheEnglishmuseumbybusorsubway

—Subwayisfaster.

A.Will

B.Must

C.Shall

D.May

The2025EnglishSpeechContest_____beheldonlinebecauseoftheepidemic.Butwearenotsureyet.

A.must

B.should

C.will

D.might

You_______nottouchtheancientEnglishmanuscriptsinthemuseum.It'sagainsttherules.

A.need

B.may

C.must

D.might

Thelittleboy_______speakalittleEnglishwhenhewasfouryearsold.

A.can

B.could

C.should

D.must

—MustIhandintheEnglishreporttoday

—No,you_______.Youcandoittomorrowmorning.

A.mustn't

B.needn't

C.can't

D.shouldn't

TheEnglishteachersuggeststhatwe_______readatleastoneEnglishshortstoryeveryweek.

A.would

B.should

C.could

D.must

—WouldyouliketojoinourEnglishstudygroup

—I'dloveto,butI_______helpmymomwiththehousework.

A.must

B.may

C.can

D.might

Thiskindofplant_______growincoldareas.ItneedswarmsunshineforEnglishclassobservation.

A.can't

B.mustn't

C.shouldn't

D.needn't

—_______youpassmetheEnglishdictionary,please

—Sure,hereyouare.

A.Must

B.Need

C.Could

D.Should

He_______speakFrenchandEnglishfluentlywhenhestudiedinCanada.

A.could

B.can

C.should

D.must

You_______becarefulwiththeEnglishgrammarrules.Theyareeasytomixup.

A.can

B.must

C.should

D.would

—DoyouthinkhewillwintheEnglishcompetition

—He_______win,butit'shardtosay.He'snottheonlygoodcandidate.

A.must

B.might

C.should

D.will

ThebrokenEnglishtaperecorder_______berepairedbyMr.Li.He'sgoodatfixingelectronicdevices.

A.can

B.must

C.should

D.would

We_______notwastetimeonuselessthings.WeshouldfocusonEnglishreview.

A.need

B.may

C.must

D.might

—MayIusethedictionaryduringtheEnglishexam

—No,you_______.It'snotallowedintheexamroom.

A.can't

B.mustn't

C.needn't

D.shouldn't

（二）语法填空（用所给词适当形式填空）

We_______(should)notignoreEnglishlisteningpractice.It'sveryimportantfortheexam.

Thestudents_______(must)finishtheirEnglishhomeworkbeforegoingtobedeveryday.

—_______(need)IpreparetheEnglishpresentationtoday

—No,youcandoittomorrow.

She_______(can)singEnglishsongsverywellwhenshewasaprimaryschoolstudent.

TheEnglishreadingroom_______(mustnot)beusedforeatingordrinking.

You_______(hadbetter)reviewtheEnglishgrammarpointsbeforethetest.

He_______(wouldrather)readEnglishnewsthanwatchTVinhisfreetime.

TheoldEnglishtextbook_______(need)tobereplaced.It'soutofdate.

She_______(should)havehandedinherEnglishhomeworkyesterday.Nowshehastoexplaintotheteacher.

—Wouldyoulike_______(join)theEnglishdramaclubwithme

—Yes,I'dloveto.

（三）句型转换（按要求改写句子）

YoumustfinishtheEnglishcompositionbefore8o'clock.（改为否定句）

MayIuseyourEnglishnotebook（作肯定回答）

HecanwriteEnglishdiariesfluently.（改为一般疑问句）

WeshouldlearnEnglishwelltocommunicatewithforeigners.（改为同义句）We______________learnEnglishwelltocommunicatewithforeigners.

MustwetaketheEnglishtesttomorrow（作否定回答）

答案及解析

（一）即时训练

模块一：can/could与beableto

B解析：考查can表能力。答语“IthinkIcan”直接呼应问句的can，符合“能力询问"语境；must（必须）、may（可能）、should（应该）均不表能力。

C解析：考查wasn'tableto表过去成功完成。由“lastnight”可知是过去时，“因大雾未能穿过森林"强调未成功，用wasn'tableto；couldn't仅表过去有能力，不强调结果。

C解析：考查could请求的肯定回答。could表委婉请求，肯定回答用“Sure,youcan”，符合规则；A拒绝，B无此用法，D语气错误。

C解析：考查can't表否定推测。“歌曲太难"说明“不可能是小孩唱的”，can't表“不可能”，语气强，符合逻辑；must（一定）、can（能）、might（可能）均不符。

C解析：考查can'thelpdoing固定句型。句意“看英文动画时，小女孩情不自禁大笑”，can'thelpdoing是固定搭配，结合时态用一般现在时，故选C。

模块二：may/might

B解析：考查may请求的否定回答。may表请求，否定回答表禁止用mustn't，符合“展览厅禁止拍照"的规则；needn't（不必）、couldn't（不能）、shouldn't（不应该）均不符。

C解析：考查might表不确定推测。“等待最终通知”说明语气不确定，might表“可能”，符合语境；must（一定）、should（应该）、will（会）语气过强。

B解析：考查may表祝愿。may置于句首表祝愿，固定用法；must（必须）、can（能）、should（应该）均无此功能。

A解析：考查maynot表否定推测。“感冒了”说明“可能不来上课”，maynot表“可能不”，语气委婉；must（一定）、can（能）、should（应该）均不符。

模块三：must/haveto

B解析：考查must表主观义务。“自己提升写作的计划"是主观意愿，用must；haveto（客观）、should（建议）、might（可能）均不符。

B解析：考查haveto表客观要求。“因不及格重考”是客观压力，用haveto；must（主观）、should（建议）、may（可能）均不符。

C解析：考查must的否定回答。must引导的问句，否定回答用needn't（不必），不用mustn't（禁止），符合语境。

B解析：考查can't表否定推测。“门锁了"说明“不可能在办公室”，can't表“不可能”，符合逻辑；must（一定）、may（可能）、should（应该）均不符。

A解析：考查mustn't表禁止。“图书馆禁止大喊”是硬性规则，mustn't表“禁止"；don'thaveto（不必）、needn't（不必）、shouldn't（不应该）均无禁止含义。

模块四：should/oughtto

B解析：考查suggest后的虚拟语气。suggest表“建议”，宾语从句用should+原形，should可省略，固定规则；would（会）、could（能）、must（必须）均不符。

A解析：考查shouldhavedone。“老师担心你"说明“本应该告知生病”，shouldhavedone表“本应该做未做”，符合后悔语气；would（会）、might（可能）、could（能）均不符。

A解析：考查should表建议。“学习单词提升阅读”是合理建议，用should；can（能）、must（必须）、may（可能）均不符。

A解析：考查should表推测。“交通顺畅"说明“公交车按理说准时”，should表“按理说”，基于逻辑；must（一定）、can（能）、might（可能）均不符。

模块五：need

解析：

B解析：考查need作情态动词的疑问式。答语“No,youneedn't”说明问句是need引导的，表“需要借词典吗"；must（必须）、should（应该）、may（可能）均不符。

B解析：考查need作实义动词。“操场需要修理”，need作实义动词，主语单数，后接repairing，用needs；need作情态动词仅用于否定/疑问，排除A、C；D表否定，不符。

A解析：考查need作实义动词。“截止日期明天"说明“需要完成项目”，need作实义动词，后接todo，主语单数用needs；must（必须）、should（应该）后不接to。

B解析：考查need的否定回答。need引导的问句，否定回答用“No,weneedn't"；A表肯定，C回答形式错误，D表禁止，均不符。

need解析：考查need作实义动词。“英语书需要整理”，need作实义动词，主语复数，时态现在时，后接tobesortedout，填need。

模块六：will/would/wouldrather/hadbetter

B解析：考查would表委婉请求。“Wouldyoumind..."是固定句型，比will更礼貌；must（必须）、should（应该）均无此用法。

A解析：考查wouldratherdoAthandoB固定结构。句意“她空闲时宁愿读英文小说也不看电视”，符合该结构用法；hadbetter（最好）、should（应该）、must（必须）均无此搭配。

A解析：考查hadbetternotdo表建议。“晚上单独去英语角不安全”，用hadbetternotdo提出强烈建议；wouldrather（宁愿）后接thando，should（应该）语气较弱，must（必须）表义务，均不符语境。

B解析：考查wouldliketodo固定搭配。wouldlike后接动词不定式，即to+动词原形，故选B；go（原形）、going（动名词）、went（过去式）均不符合搭配规则。

（二）综合训练

A解析：考查may表请求及否定回答。语境为“借耳机听英语磁带”，委婉请求用may；拒绝时用can't（委婉），符合规则。must（必须）、should（应该）不符请求语境，排除B、C、D。

B解析：考查must表硬性规定。图书馆规则要求“保持安静、不玩手机”，是硬性规定，用must；would（会）、might（可能）、could（能）语气均不符合规则要求，排除A、C、D。

C解析：考查hadto表过去客观义务。“昨天照顾妹妹”是过去的客观原因导致的义务，用hadto；must（主观）、should（建议）、might（可能）均不符，排除A、B、D。

B解析：考查must表肯定推测。“封面上有露西名字"是强依据，表“一定是露西的”，用must；can't（不可能）、might（可能）、shouldn't（不应该）均不符，排除A、C、D。

B解析：考查shouldhavedone表后悔。“没提前告知考试导致没准备”，隐含后悔语气，用shouldhavedone；would（会）、might（可能）、could（能）均无此用法，排除A、C、D。

C解析：考查shall表提议。问句为“乘公交还是地铁去英语博物馆”，表提议用shall；will（将要）、must（必须）、may（可能）均无提议用法，排除A、B、D。

D解析：考查might表不确定推测。“不确定是否线上举办”，语气不确定，用might；must（一定）、should（应该）、will（会）语气过强，排除A、B、C。

C解析：考查mustn't表禁止。“禁止触摸古老英文手稿”是博物馆规则，表禁止用mustn't；need（需要）、may（可能）、might（或许）均无禁止含义，排除A、B、D。

B解析：考查could表过去能力。“四岁时会说一点英语”，过去能力用could；can（现在）、should（应该）、must（必须）均不符，排除A、C、D。

B解析：考查must的否定回答。must引导的问句，否定回答表“不必”用needn't；mustn't（禁止）、can't（不能）、shouldn't（不应该）均不符，排除A、C、D。

B解析：考查suggest后的虚拟语气。suggest表“建议”，宾语从句用should+原形，should可省略；would（会）、could（能）、must（必须）均不符，排除A、C、D。

A解析：考查must表主观义务。“必须帮妈妈做家务”是主观上的义务，用must；may（可能）、can（能）、migh