Unit+1+Science+and+Scientists+知识清单-2025-2026学年高二英语人教版选择性必修第二册

Unit1ScienceandScientists知识清单一、核心词汇theory(n.)理论→theoretical(adj.)hypothesis(n.)假设experiment(n./v.)实验→experimental(adj.)observation(n.)观察→observe(v.)analysis(n.)分析→analyze(v.)→analytical(adj.)evidence(n.)证据（不可数）→evident(adj.)proof(n.)证明，证据（不可数）conclusion(n.)结论→conclude(v.)investigate(v.)调查→investigation(n.)scientist(n.)→science(n.)→scientific(adj.)determined(adj.)坚决的→determination(n.)patient(adj.)耐心的←→impatient(adj.)→patience(n.)strict(adj.)严格的curious(adj.)好奇的→curiosity(n.)responsible(adj.)负责的→responsibility(n.)objective(adj.)客观的←→subjective(adj.)breakthrough(n.)突破discovery(n.)发现→discover(v.)invention(n.)发明（物）→invent(v.)→inventor(n.)publication(n.)出版，发表→publish(v.)revolution(n.)革命→revolutionary(adj.)革命性的contribution(n.)贡献→contribute(v.)defeat(v./n.)击败challenge(n./v.)挑战doubt(n./v.)怀疑suspect(v.)怀疑；(n.)嫌疑人→suspicion(n.)blame(v./n.)责备criticise(v.)批评→criticism(n.)support(v./n.)支持二、高考高频词性变换与用法精析1.science(n.)→scientific(adj.)ascientificmethod(形容词修饰名词)2.prove(v.)→proof(n.)proof为不可数名词。搭配：solidproof(确凿证据)，proofof...(……的证据)3.observe(v.)含义1：观察（=watchcarefully）含义2：遵守（规则、法律）=obey含义3：庆祝（节日）=celebrate名词：observation(观察)，observer(观察者)4.conclude(v.)搭配：concludethat...(得出结论……)，concludewith(以……结束)名词：cometo/draw/reachaconclusion5.responsible(adj.)搭配：beresponsiblefor...(对……负责)名词：takeresponsibilityfor...三、重点短语与固定搭配1.putforwardatheory/hypothesis提出理论/假设2.carryout/conduct/performanexperiment进行实验3.collect/gatherevidence/data收集证据/数据4.analyzetheresults分析结果5.draw/reach/cometoaconclusion得出结论6.base...on.../bebasedon以……为基础7.link...to/with...将……与……联系起来8.leadto/resultin导致9.bedueto由于（常用于原因）10.inchargeof负责，掌管11.tobeginwith首先（用于列举）12.apartfrom除……之外（还有/别无）13.asaresult(of)(作为……的)结果14.inaddition(to)此外（除……之外还）15.onthecontrary相反16.inshort简而言之17.bedeterminedtodo决心做某事18.bestrictwithsb./insth.对某人/某事要求严格19.havefaith/beliefin相信，信任20.blamesb.forsth./blamesth.onsb.因某事责备某人21.makea(great)difference产生（重大）影响22.devoteoneselfto献身于（to为介词）四、重点句型与语法结构（写作提分句）1.“疑问词+不定式”作宾语例句：Thekeyistofigureouthowtoapplythetheorytopractice.2.“Only+状语”置于句首引起的部分倒装（高考高频考点）结构：Only+副词/介词短语/状语从句+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语+其他.例句：Onlyaftercountlessfailuresdidtheyfinallymakethebreakthrough.注意：Only修饰主语时，句子不倒装。E.g.,Onlyscientistscanunderstandit.3.It作形式主语Itis/was+形容词/名词/过去分词+that从句/todo...例句：Itisevidentthattheexperimentwasasuccess.Itishisresponsibilitytocheckthedata.Itisbelievedthatsciencedrivesprogress.4.what引导的名词性从句例句：Whatmattersmostiswhetherwecanlearnfromthefailure.5.现在分词作状语（高级语法）例句：Analyzingthedatacarefully,thescientistspottedanunusualpattern.五、高考考点提要与易错点1.词义辨析：discover(发现已存在事物)vs.invent(发明新事物)evidence&proof(均常为不可数)vs.clue(可数，线索)severe(严重或严厉)vs.serious(严肃或严重)2.固定搭配陷阱：beresponsiblefor(对事负责)，beresponsibleto(对人负责)devote...to中的to是介词，后接名词/动名词：devoteoneselftodoing。succeed