2026届新高考英语热点冲刺复习如何写好自然灾害类应用文

2026届新高考英语热点冲刺复习如何写好自然灾害类应用文开头段：直入主题，说明背景与目的·简要描述灾害（时间、地点、名称）。·点明写作目的（倡议援助、普及知识、报道情况等）。核心写作框架·常用句式：·“Iamwritingtodrawyourattentiontotherecentdevastatingearthquakethatstruck...”（倡议书）·“Asweallknow,floodshavebecomeincreasinglyfrequentinourregion.Today,I’dliketosharesomeessentialtipsto...”（演讲稿）·“Hereisabriefreportonthetyphoonthathitourcitylastweek.”（报道）主体段：详细阐述，逻辑展开·倡议援助类：说明灾情严重性（人员伤亡、财产损失）→呼吁具体帮助（捐款、物资、志愿者）。·知识普及/建议类：分点说明预防措施、应对步骤、必备物品。·事件报道类：按时间顺序叙述灾害经过→政府民众应对→当前状况。结尾段：总结呼吁，升华情感·重申重要性或紧迫性。·发出号召或表达信心与祝愿。·常用句式：·“Everylittlehelpcounts.Let’sjoinhandsandpullthroughthisdifficulttimetogether.”·“Byfollowingthesesteps,wecansignificantlyreducetherisks.”·“Webelievethatwithconcertedefforts,theaffectedareaswillberebuilt.”重点词汇

灾害类型词汇TypesofDisasters地质类·earthquake地震·aftershock余震·landslide山体滑坡.mudslide泥石流·volcaniceruption火山喷发·tsunami海啸·flood洪水·flashflood暴洪·typhoon台风.hurricane飓风·tornado龙卷风·drought干旱·blizzard暴风雪·wildfire野火气象水文类动词（描述灾害发生与破坏）·strike袭击·sweepacross/through席卷·cause/leadto导致·destroy彻底摧毁·damage损坏·submerge淹没·cutoff切断(Roadswerecutoff.)·trigger引发描述灾害与影响2.形容词（描述灾害性质与程度）·severe/serious严重的·destructive毁灭性的·powerful/violent强烈的，猛烈的·unpredictable不可预测的·frequent频繁的·widespread大范围的3.名词·casualty伤亡人员（可数）·victim受害者，遇难者·survivor幸存者·deathtoll死亡人数·damage/destruction破坏/毁坏·infrastructure基础设施(道路、桥梁、电力等)·shelter避难所·emergency紧急情况·shortage短缺预警与准备·warning/alert预警·forecast预报·evacuate疏散·prepareanemergencykit准备应急包·makeanemergencyplan制定应急计划应对与行动词汇2.救援与恢复·rescue救援·rescueteam/worker救援队/人员·relief救济·reliefsupplies/materials救援物资·donate捐赠·volunteer志愿者·rebuild/reconstruct重建·providefirstaid提供急救·restore恢复(电力、通讯等)·heartbreaking令人心碎的·ourheartsgooutto...我们心系/牵挂...·sympathy/compassion-同情·solidarity团结·mutualaid互助·Unityisstrength.团结就是力量。·overcomedifficulties克服困难情感、态度与升华类词汇·naturaldisaster-proneareas自然灾害频发地区·takeaheavytollon...对...造成重大损失/伤亡·inthewakeofthedisaster灾难过后·betrappedundertherubble被困在瓦砾下·launcharescueoperation展开救援行动·extendahelpinghand伸出援手·makeacontribution做出贡献·facethechallengebravely勇敢面对挑战高级实用短语搭配高分表达精准描述灾害·词汇库：·灾害类型：earthquake,flood,typhoon/hurricane,wildfire,drought,landslide,tsunami·描述影响：devastating,catastrophic,severe,causecasualties,destroyinfrastructure,cutoffelectricity/watersupplies,displacethousandsofpeople2.详细列出行动建议（重中之重）·预防阶段(Prevention)：·Makeanemergencyplanandprepareasurvivalkit.·Stayinformedaboutweatheralerts.·Reinforcehousesandcleardrainsinadvance.·应对阶段(During)：·Evacuateimmediatelyifordered.·Iftrapped,senddistresssignalsandconserveenergy.·Avoidusingelectricalappliances.·灾后阶段(After)：·Checkforinjuriesandprovidefirstaid.·Becautiousofsecondarydisasters.·Followofficialinstructionsforreturninghome.3.呼吁与升华·体现同理心：Ourheartsgoouttothevictims.·强调团结：Unityisstrength.Together,wecanmakeadifference.·展望未来：Withresilienceandmutualaid,wewillovercomethechallenges.近期某地遭遇洪灾，请你以学生会名义写一份倡议书，呼吁同学们捐款捐物。Dearfellowstudents,IamwritingonbehalfoftheStudentUniontoappealforyoursupportforthevictimsoftheseverefloodsthathitLinHaiCitylastweek.Thedisasterhascausedmassivedamage,leavingthousandshomelessandinurgentneedofhelp.范文示例Thesituationremainschallenging.Manypeoplehavelosttheirhomes,andbasicsupplieslikefood,cleanwater,andmedicinearerunningshort.Localschoolsandhospitalsarealsodamaged.Tohelpourfellowcitizenspullthroughthisdifficulttime,wecallforyourkindcontributions.Youcandonatedailynecessitiessuchasclothes,blankets,andcannedfood.Monetarydonationsarealsowelcome,astheyallowforthepurchaseofexactlywhatisneededmost.Everycontribution,bigorsmall,canmakearealdifference.Let’sactnowandshowourcareandsolidarity.PleasebringyourdonationstotheStudentUnionofficebythisFriday.Thankyouforyourgenerosityan