广东省广州市花都区2024-2025学年八年级上学期期末考试英语试题（含答案）

第第页广东省广州市花都区2024-2025学年八年级上学期期末考试英语试题一、语法选择（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从1~15各题所给的A，B，Ｃ和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Chinahasarichfoodculture.TherearesomeinterestingstoriesbehindChinesefood,aswellasthetoolsweusetoeat.HotpotHotpot1．popularamongChinesepeopleforalongtime.As2．asintheShangDynasty,peoplecookedfoodsinbronzecauldrons(青铜鼎).Thecauldronhadtwoparts—onewasthepottocookfoodsinsoup,and3．partwasaspaceinsidethecauldrontoholdfire.YuanMeiwas4．famouspoetandfoodloverintheQingDynasty.He5．hotpot"huoguo".Atthattime,hotpotswereverypopular.People6．putallkindsofmeatandvegetablesintothehotpot.Theyalsouseddifferentthings7．pots.DongpoporkThereisafamousChinesedishcalled"Dongpopork".Doesithave8．todowiththegreatpoetSuDongpo?Yes.SuDongpowasapoetwholivedduringtheSongDynasty.Hewas9．persontomakethisdish.10．hewasalocalofficialinHubei,hefellinlovewithcookingporkandhecouldcook11．thananyotherpeople.ChopsticksWhataretheDosandDon'tsofusingchopsticks?ForChinesepeople,chopsticksarenotjustsimpletoolstopickupfood.Theycomewith12．ownspecialrulesandtraditions.Forexample,peopleshouldn'tmakenoisewithchopsticks.Playingwithchopsticksisrude.Therearealsosomebeliefsabout13．chopsticks.Forexample,somepeoplebelievethatweshouldn'tputthechopsticksupright14．abowl.Itlooksliketheincense(香)thatChinesepeopleusetorespectthedeadpeople,15．doingitatthedinnertableisbelievedtobringbadluck.1．A．was B．were C．hasbeen D．havebeen2．A．early B．earlier C．earliest D．theearliest3．A．other B．theother C．theothers D．another4．A．a B．an C．the D．/5．A．name B．names C．named D．isnaming6．A．could B．should C．must D．need7．A．make B．making C．tomaking D．tomake8．A．nothing B．everything C．something D．anything9．A．one B．thefirst C．first D．firstly10．A．When B．Although C．Unless D．Because11．A．good B．well C．better D．best12．A．they B．them C．their D．theirs13．A．use B．using C．used D．touse14．A．in B．of C．with D．for15．A．yet B．or C．but D．and二、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~10各题所给的Ａ，B，C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。TheThreeKingdomsinancientChinaisatimeofwarsandpolitics.Duringthattime,therewasa16．mannamedZhugeLiang,alsoknownasKongming.HeworkedforLiuBei.Oneday,ZhugeLiangfacedanew17．.Zhuge'ssupportwasstillfaraway,butSimaYi'sarmywasgetting18．toWestCity.Theydidn'thaveenoughtimetogetreadyforthecomingwar.Suddenly,ZhugeLianghadanidea.ZhugeLiangsentseveral19．toWestCity.Hetoldthemtoopenthecitygatesandsentthemtocleantheroads.Themencouldn't20．whyZhugeLiangaskedthemtodoso,butZhugetoldthemnottobeworried.Then,Zhugehimselfwentupthecitywallandbegantoplayhisfavouritemusicthere.PeopletoldSimaYi'sarmythatWestCitywasempty.However,whentheysawtheopengates,21．streets,andonlyafewoldsoldiersworkingascleaners,theycouldn'tbelievethatitwastrueanddecidednotto22．thecity.Zhugesaid,"ThecityisemptyandIhavealreadybeenreadytowelcomeallofyou."SimaYibelieveditwasa23．.Hesaidtohimself,"ZhugeLianghasnevermadeanyunsureplansinhislifeandIcouldn't24．believehiswords."Finally,SimaYi'sarmystayedmilesawayoutsideWestCity.Later,ZhaoYunarrived,ZhugeLiangsenthimtoprotecttheWestCity.SimaYi'sdidn'tknowthat,hewentbackforthesecondtime.There,SimaYihadafightwithZhaoYunandhefinally25．thewar.Whenhefinallylearnedwhathappened,herealizedhismistakeandleftthearea.16．A．shy B．wise C．silly D．stupid17．A．success B．host C．challenge D．captain18．A．huger B．richer C．nearer D．tinier19．A．soldiers B．scientists C．cleaners D．musicians20．A．check B．introduce C．develop D．understand21．A．small B．similar C．noisy D．empty22．A．enter B．hide C．leave D．check23．A．trick B．prize C．war D．cycle24．A．hardly B．easily C．correctly D．confidently25．A．operated B．celebrated C．chose D．lost三、(A)InSeptember,ChengduNo.1MiddleSchoolinSichuanheldaspecialactivity.Theyaskedstudentstosharethestoriesoftheirfamilyheirlooms(传家宝).Over300studentstookpartinit,bringingtheirheirloomstoschoolandtellingthestoriesbehindthem.Oneofthestudents,14-year-oldSongZhengchen,sharedhisfamily'sheirloom—acassetteradio.Hisgrandmotherboughttheradiointhe1980stolistentothenews.Later,hismotherusedittoplaymusictapes.WhenSongwasyounger,hismotherwouldoftenplayoldpoemsforhimontheradio."Today,wehavemanynewadvancedmusicplayers.Butwestillkeepthisradiobecauseitholdsbeautifulmemoriesofmyfamily."Songsaid.Anotherstudent,XiaoYao,also14,wonthefirstprizeintheactivity.Herheirloomsweresomefoodcoupons(粮票)fromhergrandmother.Thesecouponswereusedduringatimewhenfoodwasscarce.Inthepast,familiescouldonlybuyalimitedamountoffoodeachmonth,andevenricerequiredafoodcoupon.Xiaowasamazedwhenhergrandmothertoldherstoriesaboutthisdifficulttime."Mygrandmawantsmetobethankfulforwhatwehavetodayandtoworkhardforabetterfuture."Xiaoexplained.Theheirloomstoriessharedbythestudentsreflecttherichhistoryandbeautifulmemoriesoftheirfamilies.Theseitemsconnectthemtotheirpastandremindthemofthehardshipstheirancestorsfaced.Throughthesestories,wehopethestudentswillcarryongoodfamilytraditions,appreciate(欣赏)theirfamilyhistory,andcontinuetoworkhardfortheirfuture.Byrememberingthepast,theycanhelpbuildabettertomorrowforthemselves,theirfamilies,andtheircountry.26．WhatdidSongZhengchenbringtoshowintheschoolactivity?A．Acassetteradio. B．Musictapes.C．Anoldpoem. D．Foodcoupons.27．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"scarce"inparagraph3mean?A．Expensive. B．Traditional.C．Notenough. D．Notdifficulttoget.28．AccordingtoXiaoYao,whatishergrandmother'shopeforher?A．TostudythehistoryoffoodshortagesinChina.B．Toshareherheirloomstorieswithothersatschool.C．Tokeepthefoodcouponssafeforfuturegenerations.D．Tobethankfulandworkhardforthefuture.29．Whatisthestructureofthearticle?A． B．C． D．四、(B)TheChina'sDream——ExploringtheSkyChina'sspaceprogramhasmadegreatprogresstheseyears.Thecountryhasbecomealeaderinspacescienceandtechnology.ThisarticlewilltalkaboutsomeofChina'sspaceachievementsandtheC919,apassengerplanemadeinChina.Chinastartedworkingonspacetechnologyinthe1950s.In1970,Chinasentitsfirstobjectintospace,calledDongFangHong1.ThismadeChinathefifthcountrytosendsomethingintospace.ItwasabigstepforChina'sspaceprogram.Thirty-threeyearslater,YangLiweibecamethefirstChineseastronauttogointospaceontheShenzhou5spacecraft.ThismadeChinathethirdcountry,afterRussiaandtheUnitedStates,tosendapersonintospace.In2021,ChinalaunchedtheTiangongspacestation.Itisalabinspacewhereastronautscanliveanddoexperiments.ThisspacestationisveryimportantforChina'sspaceresearch.ChinahasalsosentmissionstotheMoonandMars.In2013,theChang'e3missionlandedontheMoon,andin2021,theTianwen1missionsenttheZhurongrovertoMars.TheseachievementsshowthatChinaisverygoodatexploringspace.Chinahasalsomadeitsownairplanes.TheC919isalargepassengerplanemadebyCOMAC.Itcancarry158to174peopleandflyupto4,075kilometers.TheplanewillcompetewithBoeing737andAirbusA320.Itischeaperanduseslessfuel,whichhelpsairlinessavemoney.ThefirstC919wasdeliveredin2022,andover1,200planeshavebeenordered.ThisshowsChinaisimprovinginbuildingairplanesandstartingtosellthemaroundtheworld.China'sspaceprogramandairplaneindustryaresuretobenefitoneanotherinthefuture.Withongoingresearchandprojects,Chinawillcontinuetocontributetotheworld.30．WhendidChinasendthefirstastronautintospace?A．In1950. B．In1970. C．In2003. D．In2021.31．WhyistheTiangongspacestationimportant?A．ItcarriedtheZhurongrovertoMars.B．ItwasChina'sfirstmissiontotheMoon.C．ItwasChina'sfirstobjectsentintospace.D．Itallowsastronautstoliveandworkinspace.32．WhichofthefollowingstatementsareTRUEaboutC919accordingtothearticle?①TheC919isproducedbyaChinesecompanynamedCOMAC.②TheC919madeChinathefifthcountrytosendsomethingintospace.③Theplanecanhold166passengersandtravelupto4075kilometers.④TheC919isdesignedtocompetewithplanesliketheBoeing737andAirbusA320.A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①③④ D．①②④五、(C)ByDanHeng|china|Updated:2024-07-30PanZhanleisayoungandtalentedswimmerfromChina,knownforhisgreatperformancesininternationalgames.AccordingtoreportsfromBBC,CNN,andChinaDaily,Panhasquicklybecomearisingstarintheswimmingworld.Pan'sbreakthroughmomentcameatthe2023WorldSwimmingChampionships,wherehewonamedalinthemen's100-meterfreestyleevent.Hispowerfulstrokesandspeedmadehimstandout,andhissuccesswasnotonlybecauseofhisyoungage,butalsohisdedication(全身心投入)."I'veworkedsohardforthismoment.Itfeelsamazingtoseemyeffortpayoff,"Pansaidaftertherace.Hissuccessshowedthatheisaseriouscompetitorontheworldstage.Pan'sachievementsaretheresultofhardworkanddedication.Hetrainshardeveryday,focusingonskillsandstrength."Swimmingisnotjustaboutspeed;it'saboutfeelingthewaterandusingittoyouradvantage,"Pansharedinaninterview.Hiscoachhashelpedhimimprovehisstaminaandskills,whichhasbeenthekeytohissuccess.Inadditiontohisswimmingskills,Panisknownforhisstrongworkethic.Healwayspusheshimselftoimproveandisaninspiration(激励)tootheryoungathletes.CNNreportedthatPanwantstoshowothersthatwithdedication,anythingispossible."Iwanttoencourageotherstofollowtheirdreams,"hesaid.Lookingahead,PanispreparingfortheParis2024Olympics.Expertsbelievehecouldbecomeoneoftheworld'stopswimmers."TheOlympicsaremynextgoal.Iwillkeepworkinghard."Pansaid.Withhistalentanddetermination,heissuretoachieveevengreaterthingsinthefuture.33．WhatmadePanZhanlestandoutatthe2023WorldSwimmingChampionships?A．Hisswimmingpowerandhardwork.B．Hisfeelingofwater.C．Hisclosefriendshipwithhiscoach.D．Hisfocusonskillsoverspeed.34．WhyisPanZhanleseenasaninspirationtoothers?A．Hiscoachhashelpedhimimprovehisskills.B．Hehasbecomeoneoftheworld'stopswimmers.C．HeisalreadypreparingfortheParis2024Olympics.D．Heshowsthathardworkcanleadtogreatachievements.35．InwhatorderdidthefollowinghappeninPanZhanle'scareer?a.Hecompetedinthemen's100-meterfreestylein2023.b.Panbegantrainingwithhiscoachtoimprovehisstamina.c.HesethisgoaltocompeteintheParis2024Olympics.d.Panbecameknownasarisingstarintheswimmingworld.A．b→d→c→a B．b→a→d→c C．a→d→c→b D．a→c→b→d36．WhydoesthewritermentionPan'spreparationsfortheParis2024Olympics?A．TocomparehimtootherOlympicswimmers.B．Toexplainwhyheistrainingwithhiscoacheveryday.C．Toshowhisdedicationtobecomeatopswimmer.D．ToshowtheprizeshewonattheWorldChampionships.六、(D)LuBan:TheInventorLuBan,afamousChinesecraftsmanfrom2,500yearsago,isknownas"China'sfatherofcarpentry."Hecreatedmanytoolslikethesaw,theplane(木工刨),andtheinkline.LuBanalsoinventedtheLubanlocktotesthisson'sskills.Hissonworkedonitallnightandfinallysolveditbymorning,showingitschallengeandfun.LuBan'sToolsLuBan'sinventionschangedwoodworking.Theplanehelpsmakesurfacesflatonhardwood.Theinkline,inspiredbythreads(线),helpsdrawstraightlines.Thesawisstrongenoughtocuthardwood.Once,LuBancuthishandonaleaf.Sohegottheideaofmakingatoolwithatoothededgewhichbecamethefirstsaw.Symbol(象征)ofLubanLocksIn2023,UNrepresentativeZhangJunusedtheLubanlocktosymbolizeteamwork.Heshowedthatifonepieceofthelockisremoved,thewholestructurefallsapart,highlightingtheimportanceofunity.CulturalHeritageToday,Lubanlocksarenotonlyfunpuzzlesbutalsoculturaltreasures.Tengzhou,Shandongprovince,LuBan'sbirthplace,isfamousformakingtheselocks.LuHao,alock-makingmaster,runsaworkshopwith10workerstokeepthecraftalive.In2023,theysold1.6millionlocksworldwide,earning33millionyuan.ModernLubanLocksTraditionalLubanlockshavesixpieces,butmoreadvancedonescanhaveover100.Thelargestlockevermade,in2023,had424pieces.LubanlocksshowthecreativityandintelligenceofChineseculture,combiningfunwithhistoryandskill.37．WhydidZhangJunusetheLubanlockattheUNin2023?A．ToshowChina'sadvancedcarpentryskills.B．Totelltheimportanceofunity.C．ToexplainthehistoryofLuBan'sinventions.D．TohighlightChinesewoodworkingtechniques.38．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthispassage?A．LubanandLubanlocks. B．Luban,afamousman.C．TheSymbolofLubanlocks. D．TheModernLubanlocks.39．WhichpictureshowsLubanlockscorrectly?A． B．C． D．40．Wherecanweprobablyseethispassage?A．Sciencebook. B．Culturalmagazine.C．Report. D．Storybook.七、第二节阅读填空（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）阅读短文及文后A~E选项，选出可以填入各题空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Lastweek,LingnanMiddleSchoolhelditsannualEnglishWeek.Theeventwasfullofexcitingactivities.41．Theweekbeganwithagrandopeningceremony.42．Onthesecondday,studentstookpartinaspeechcompetition.Theytalkedabouttopicslikeenvironmentalprotection,futuretechnology,andculturalexchange.Thejudgeswereveryimpressedbytheirconfidenceandcreativity.Midweek,therewasadramaperformance.ThedramaclubputonashortplaybasedonaclassicEnglishstory.43．Anotherhighlightwastheinternationalfoodfair,wherestudentscouldtrydishesfromEnglish-speakingcountries.TheylearnedaboutfoodslikefishandchipsfromtheUKandhamburgersfromtheUSA.44．Studentsfromallgradesworkedinteamstoanswerquestionsaboutvocabulary,grammar,andculture.Itwasagreatwaytotesttheirknowledgeandteamworkskills.ManystudentssaidtheylearnedalotandfeltmoreconfidentusingEnglish.45．ItencouragesstudentstouseEnglishincreativeandfunways.A.TheweekendedwithanEnglishquiz.B.EnglishWeekisanimportanteventatLingnanMiddleSchool.C.Thisactivityhelpedstudentsimprovetheirspeakingskillswhilehavingfun.D.TheyhelpedstudentsimprovetheirEnglishskillsandlearnaboutdifferentcultures.E.Theceremonyincludedperformances,suchassingingEnglishsongsandrecitingpoems.八、第一节语篇填词（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）阅读短文，根据上下文和所给的首字母写出所缺单词。注意使用正确形式，每空限填一词。答卷时，要求写出完整单词。LiMinghasneverbeentoanothercountry.Butthisyear,hegotac46．foraneducationalexchangeprograminBritain.Beforehewentthere,hehadlearnedalotaboutthel47．cultureofBritain.OnhisfirstdaytotheUK,hishostfamilywelcomedhimwarmlyandhewasg48．tobeaguestintheirhome.Atfirst,hehaddifficultyincommunicatingwithothersinEnglish.So,hishostfamilya49．himtotakepartinallkindsofactivitiesatschoolwithhisnewfriendstopractisehisoralEnglish.Besides,hewasgoodatplayingbasketball,sohehelpedhisteamtow50．agame.Astheweekspassed,LiMingrealizedhowmuchhehadgained.Sofar,hehasnotonlyimprovedhisEnglish,butalsohasmademanynewfriends.Inhisopinion,thisexchangevisitwasaspecialexperienceinhislife.九、根据所给的汉语内容，用英语完成下列句子。（每空限填一词）51．Sarah期待参加即将到来的教育交流活动。Sarahpartinthecomingeducationalexchange.52．她认为这次交流将充满挑战，所以她感到有点紧张。Shethinksthattheexchangewillchallenge,soshefeelsabitnervous.53．为了解更多信息，她一直与她的中国网友保持联系。Inordertogetmoreinformation,shealwayshere-friendsfromChina.54．她的朋友说："如果你不能很好地了解中国的文化，你在这次交流中可能会有些困难。"Herfriendsaid,"youknowChineseculturewell,youmayhavesometroubleduringtheexchange."55．最后，她决定通过上网查找一些有用的信息来为这次交流做准备。,shedecidedtogettheexchangebysearchingsomeusefulinformationontheInternet.十、第三节书面表达（共1题，满分15分）56．随着现代科技的发展，家用机器人开始普及，给人们的生活带来很多的便利。你知道的家用机器人有哪些呢？请和你朋友分享你所了解或你设想的家用机器人。注意：1.可在内容提示的基础上适当拓展信息；2.词数80词左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）；3.不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息，否则不予评分。TypeFunctionCommentCookingRobotdosomecooking,cleanupthekitchensmartgreenNursingRobottakecareofbabiesortheelderly,talkwith...make...notfeellonely,expensive...(请补充)…(请补充)…(请补充)HouseholdRobotWiththedevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology,householdrobotsarenowwidelyused.Therearemanykindsofhouseholdrobots.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

答案解析部分【答案】1．C；2．A；3．B；4．A；5．C；6．A；7．D；8．D；9．B；10．A；11．C；12．C；13．B；14．A；15．D【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了中国传统饮食文化背后的有趣故事以及与餐具有关的餐桌礼仪。

【点评】考查语法填空，注意结合上下文语境、固定搭配、语法知识（如时态、词性、比较级、冠词等）以及对文化背景的理解来解题。1．句意：火锅在中国人中流行已久。was是，am和is的过去式；were是，are的过去式；hasbeen已经，三单形式；havebeen已经。根据"foralongtime"可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语为"Hotpot"，所以C项符合。故选C。2．句意：早在商代，人们就用青铜鼎做饭。early早些时候；earlier更早；earliest最早；theearliest最早。as…as"与……一样"，原级比较，A项符合。故选A。3．句意：青铜鼎有两部分——一部分是用来煮汤的锅，另一部分是锅内用来生火的空间。other其他的，后接名词；theother另一个，通常用于两者之间的特定一个；theothers其余的人或物；another另一个，用于三者或三者以上的另一个。根据"Thecauldronhadtwoparts—one…"可知，此处指两者之间的另一个，B项符合。故选B。4．句意：袁枚是清代一位著名的诗人和美食爱好者。a不定冠词，表泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；an不定冠词，表泛指，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，表特指；/零冠词。根据语境可知，此处表示泛指的含义，空后的"famous"是以辅音音素开头的单词，用a。故选A。5．句意：他将hotpot命名为"火锅"。name命名，动词原形；names命名，三单形式；named命名，过去式或过去分词；isnaming正在命名。此处表示过去的事情，句子时态为一般过去时，C项符合。故选C。6．句意：人们能够把各种各样的肉和蔬菜放进火锅里。could能够；should应该；must必须；need需要。根据"People…putallkindsofmeatandvegetablesintothehotpot."的语境并结合选项可知，此处指人们能够把各种各样的肉和蔬菜放进火锅里，A项符合。故选A。7．句意：他们还用不同的东西做锅。make制作，动词原形；making制作，现在分词或动名词；tomaking制作，介词+动名词；tomake制作，不定式。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，此处表示目的，应用不定式结构。故选D。8．句意：这和伟大的诗人苏东坡有关吗？nothing没有什么；everything每件事；something某事，常用于肯定句；anything任何事情，常用于否定句或疑问句。根据"Doesithave…todowiththegreatpoetSuDongpo?"的语境可知，此处询问东坡肉是否和苏东坡有关，此句为疑问句，anything符合。故选D。9．句意：他是第一个做这道菜的人。one一；thefirst第一，the+序数词；first第一；firstly首先。根据"Hewas…persontomakethisdish."的语境并结合常识及选项可知，苏东坡是第一个做这道菜的人，应用序数词first，序数词前加定冠词the。故选B。10．句意：当他还是湖北的一名地方官员时，他爱上了烹饪猪肉，而且他比任何人都做得更好。When当……时候；Although尽管；Unless除非；Because因为。根据"…hewasalocalofficialinHubei,hefellinlovewithcookingporkandhecouldcook…thananyotherpeople."的语境可知，主从句动作同时发生，应用when引导时间状语从句，句首首字母大写。故选A。11．句意：当他还是湖北的一名地方官员时，他爱上了烹饪猪肉，而且他比任何人都会做得更好。good好的；well好；better更好；best最好。根据空后的"than"可知，此处用比较级形式。故选C。12．句意：它们有自己的特殊规则和传统。they它/她/他们，人称代词主格；them它/她/他们，人称代词宾格；their它/她/他们的，形容词性物主代词；theirs它/她/他们的，名词性物主代词。one'sown"自己的"，是固定搭配。故选C。13．句意：也有一些关于使用筷子的信仰。use使用，动词原形；using使用，动名词或现在分词；used使用，过去式或过去分词；touse使用，不定式。根据空前的介词"about"可知，此处应用动名词形式，作宾语。故选B。14．句意：例如，有些人认为我们不应该把筷子直立放在碗里。in在……里面；of……的；with和；for为了。根据"Forexample,somepeoplebelievethatweshouldn'tputthechopsticksupright…abowl."的语境及常识可知，不应该把筷子直立放在碗里，A项符合。故选A。15．句意：它看起来像是中国人用来祭拜死者的香，在餐桌上这样做被认为会带来厄运。yet然而；or或者；but但是；and和。根据"Itlooksliketheincense(香)thatChinesepeopleusetorespectthedeadpeople…doingitatthedinnertableisbelievedtobringbadluck."的语境可知，此处表示并列关系，and符合。故选D。【答案】16．B；17．C；18．C；19．A；20．D；21．D；22．A；23．A；24．B；25．D【解析】【分析】本文讲述了三国时期诸葛亮使用空城计智退司马懿军队的故事。

【点评】考查完形填空，注意结合历史背景知识、上下文逻辑关系、词汇词义辨析（如形容词、名词、动词的语义匹配）来解题。16．句意：在那个时期，有一位名叫诸葛亮的智者，也被称为孔明。shy害羞的；wise聪明的；silly愚蠢的；stupid愚蠢的。根据"namedZhugeLiang,alsoknownasKongming"并结合常识可知，诸葛亮很聪明。故选B。17．句意：有一天，诸葛亮面临着一个新的挑战。success成功；host东道主；challenge挑战；captain船长。根据下文"Zhuge'ssupportwasstillfaraway,butSimaYi'sarmywasgetting…toWestCity."可知，支援还没到，但是敌军已经接近城池，所以应是一种挑战。故选C。18．句意：诸葛的支援还很遥远，司马懿的军队却越来越接近西城。huger更巨大的；richer更富有的；nearer更接近的；tinier更微小的。根据下文"Theydidn'thaveenoughtimetogetreadyforthecomingwar."以及下文讲述司马懿的军队到达西城后的故事可知，此处指司马懿的军队却越来越接近西城，C项符合。故选C。19．句意：诸葛亮派了几个士兵到西城。soldiers士兵；scientists科学家；cleaners清洁工；musicians音乐家。根据下文"Hetoldthemtoopenthecitygatesandsentthemtocleantheroads."以及"onlyafewoldsoldiersworkingascleaners"可知，此处指派了几个士兵到西城，打开城门，清理道路。故选A。20．句意：那些人不明白诸葛亮为什么要他们这样做，但诸葛亮告诉他们不要担心。check检查；introduce介绍；develop发展；understand明白。根据"Themencouldn't…whyZhugeLiangaskedthemtodoso,butZhugetoldthemnottobeworried."的语境并结合选项可知，此处指这些士兵不知道诸葛亮这样做的原因，但诸葛亮告诉他们不要担心。故选D。21．句意：然而，当他们看到敞开的大门时，空荡荡的街道，只有几个当清洁工的老兵，他们不敢相信这是真的，决定不进城。small小的；similar相似的；noisy吵闹的；empty空的。根据"onlyafewoldsoldiersworkingascleaners"以及下文"Thecityisempty"可知，此处指街道上除了几个当清洁工的老兵外，没有其他人，D项符合。故选D。22．句意：然而，当他们看到敞开的大门时，空荡荡的街道，只有几个当清洁工的老兵，他们不敢相信这是真的，决定不进城。enter进入；hide隐藏；leave离开；check检查。根据下文"Finally,SimaYi'sarmystayedmilesawayoutsideWestCity."可知，他们没有进城。故选A。23．句意：司马懿认为这是一个诡计。trick诡计；prize奖；war战争；cycle循环。根据下文"Hesaidtohimself,‘ZhugeLianghasnevermadeanyunsureplansinhislifeandIcouldn't…believehiswords.'"可知，他不相信诸葛亮的话，应是认为这是一个诡计。故选A。24．句意：诸葛亮一生中从未有过不确定的计划，我很难相信他的话。hardly几乎不；easily容易地；correctly正确地；confidently自信地。根据"ZhugeLianghasnevermadeanyunsureplansinhislife"以及下文"Finally,SimaYi'sarmystayedmilesawayoutsideWestCity."可知，他们没有进城，所以应是没有相信诸葛亮说的话。故选B。25．句意：在那里，司马懿与赵云打了一仗，最终他输了。operated操作；celebrated庆祝；chose选择；lost输。根据下文"Whenhefinallylearnedwhathappened,herealizedhismistakeandleftthearea."可知，离开了这个地方，应是打仗输了。故选D。【答案】26．A27．C28．D29．B【解析】【分析】本文讲述了四川成都第一中学举办学生分享家庭传家宝故事的活动，介绍了宋郑辰的盒式收音机和肖瑶的粮票这两个传家宝的故事，以及这些故事所承载的家庭历史、记忆和意义。

【点评】考查阅读理解，做题时应先明确题目类型，细节题需定位原文关键信息，词义猜测题要结合上下文语境推断，文章结构题需梳理段落间的逻辑关系。26．细节理解题。根据文中"Oneofthestudents,14-year-oldSongZhengchen,sharedhisfamily'sheirloom—acassetteradio."可知，宋郑辰在学校活动中展示的是一台盒式收音机，故选A。27．词义猜测题。根据文中"Thesecouponswereusedduringatimewhenfoodwasscarce.Inthepast,familiescouldonlybuyalimitedamountoffoodeachmonth,andevenricerequiredafoodcoupon."可知，过去家庭每月只能购买有限的食物，甚至大米都需要粮票，说明当时食物"不足"，由此可推测"scarce"意为"Notenough"，故选C。28．细节理解题。根据文中"Mygrandmawantsmetobethankfulforwhatwehavetodayandtoworkhardforabetterfuture."可知，肖瑶的奶奶希望她对现在拥有的心存感恩，并为更美好的未来努力奋斗，故选D。29．文章结构题。文章第一段总述成都一中举办学生分享传家宝故事的活动；第二、三段分别讲述宋郑辰和肖瑶的传家宝故事；第四段总结传家宝故事的意义。结构为"总-分-总"，对应选项B，故选B。【答案】30．C31．D32．C【解析】【分析】本文讲述了中国在航天领域的诸多成就，包括东方红一号、神舟五号、天宫空间站、嫦娥三号、天问一号任务以及中国自主研制的C919客机等，展现了中国在航天科技和航空领域的进步。

【点评】考查阅读理解，做题时需仔细阅读题干，明确考查点，然后在文中精准定位相关信息，逐一分析选项，注意区分细节的正误，对于涉及数字、时间的题目要仔细计算和推理。30．细节理解题。根据文中"In1970,Chinasentitsfirstobjectintospace...Thirty-threeyearslater,YangLiweibecamethefirstChineseastronauttogointospaceontheShenzhou5spacecraft."可知，1970年之后三十三年是2003年，中国将第一位宇航员送入太空，故选C。31．细节理解题。根据文中"In2021,ChinalaunchedtheTiangongspacestation.Itisalabinspacewhereastronautscanliveanddoexperiments.ThisspacestationisveryimportantforChina'sspaceresearch."可知，天宫空间站重要是因为它允许宇航员在太空中生活和工作，故选D。32．细节理解题。根据文中"TheC919isalargepassengerplanemadebyCOMAC.""Itcancarry158to174peopleandflyupto4,075kilometers.""TheplanewillcompetewithBoeing737andAirbusA320."可知，①③④表述正确；②中使中国成为第五个将物体送入太空的是东方红一号，不是C919，故②错误，故选C。【答案】33．A34．D35．B36．C【解析】【分析】本文讲述了中国年轻有天赋的游泳运动员潘展乐在国际赛事中的出色表现、他的成功源于刻苦训练和全身心投入，以及他对其他年轻运动员的激励作用，还介绍了他为2024年巴黎奥运会做准备的情况。

【点评】考查阅读理解，做题时要认真阅读题干，明确考查类型，然后在文中精准定位相关信息，对于细节题要逐一比对选项和原文，对于推理题要结合上下文进行合理推断，注意时间顺序等逻辑关系。33．细节理解题。"Hispowerfulandspeedmadehimstandout,andhissuccesswasnotonlybecauseofhisyoungage,butalsohisdedication(全身心投入)."可知，潘展乐在2023年世界游泳锦标赛上脱颖而出是因为他游泳的力量和刻苦的训练，故选A。34．细节理解题。根据文中"CNNreportedthatPanwantstoshowothersthatwithdedication,anythingispossible.'Iwanttoencourageotherstofollowtheirdreams,'hesaid."可知，潘展乐被视为他人的激励榜样是因为他展现了努力工作可以带来伟大成就，故选D。35．细节理解题。根据文章内容，首先是潘展乐和教练一起训练提高耐力（b），然后在2023年参加男子100米自由泳比赛（a），之后成为游泳界的新星（d），最后设定参加2024年巴黎奥运会的目标（c），顺序为b→a→d→c，故选B。36．推理判断题。根据文中"Lookingahead,PanispreparingfortheParis2024Olympics.Expertsbelievehecouldbecomeoneoftheworld'stopswimmers.'TheOlympicsaremynextgoal.Iwillkeepworkinghard.'Pansaid."可知，作者提到潘展乐为2024年巴黎奥运会做准备是为了展示他成为顶级游泳运动员的决心，故选C。【答案】37．B38．A39．C40．B【解析】【分析】本文讲述了中国古代工匠鲁班及其发明的鲁班锁，包括鲁班锁的象征意义、文化遗产价值以及现代发展等方面的内容。

【点评】考查阅读理解，做题时要先明确题目类型，细节题需定位原文关键句，标题题要总结文章核心内容，推理题和出处题要结合文章主题和内容特点进行分析。37．细节理解题。根据文中"In2023,UNrepresentativeZhangJunusedtheLubanlocktosymbolizeteamwork.Heshowedthatifonepieceofthelockisremoved,thewholestructurefallsapart,highlightingtheimportanceofunity."可知，张军在2023年联合国使用鲁班锁是为了说明团结的重要性，故选B。38．标题选择题。文章介绍了鲁班这位工匠及其发明的鲁班锁，包括鲁班锁的象征意义、文化遗产价值和现代发展等内容，所以最佳标题是"LubanandLubanlocks"，故选A。39．推理判断题。鲁班锁是一种益智puzzle，结合文中对鲁班锁的描述，选项C的图片符合鲁班锁的特征，故选C。40．文章出处题。文章内容涉及鲁班锁的文化遗产、象征意义等文化相关内容，所以可能出现在文化杂志上，故选B。【答案】41．D；42．E；43．C；44．A；45．B【解析】【导语】选项翻译：

A.这一周以一个英语小测试作为结束。

B.英语周是岭南中学的一个重大事件。

C.这项活动有助于学生在玩乐的同时提高他们的口语能力。

D.它们有助于提高他们的英语技能和了解不同的文化。

E.开幕式包括演出，例如唱英语歌曲和背诵诗歌。本文讲述了岭南中学举办的年度英语周活动，介绍了开幕式、演讲比赛、戏剧表演、国际美食节、英语知识竞赛等活动，以及英语周对学生的意义。

【点评】考查阅读还原，做题时要注意分析上下文语境，理解每段的主要内容，然后结合选项的语义，找到与上下文逻辑连贯的选项。41．根据上文"Lastweek,LingnanMiddleSchoolhelditsannualEnglishWeek.Theeventwasfullofexcitingactivities."可知，开头总起介绍英语周的总体情况，结合下文可知，英语周活动让学生学习英语技能的同时还能了解文化。选项D"它们有助于提高他们的英语技能和了解不同的文化。"符合语境。故选D。42．根据上文"Theweekbeganwithagrandopeningceremony."可知，此处介绍的是开幕式的情况。选项E"开幕式包括演出，例如唱英语歌曲和背诵诗歌。"符合语境。故选E。43．根据上文"Midweek,therewasadramaperformance.ThedramaclubputonashortplaybasedonaclassicEnglishstory."可知，此处介绍周中的戏剧表演，这也是学生提高英语口语能力的一种有趣的活动。选项C"这项活动有助于学生在玩乐的同时提高他们的口语能力。"符合语境。故选C。44．根据下文"Studentsfromallgradesworkedinteamstoanswerquestionsaboutvocabulary,grammar,andculture."可知，此处在介绍英语周的最后一个活动，学生们可以从回答问题学到英语技能还能了解文化。选项A"这一周以一个英语小测试作为结束。"符合语境。故选A。45．根据下文"ItencouragesstudentstouseEnglishincrea