浙江省嘉兴市2024-2025学年高二上学期期末测试英语试题（含答案）

第第页浙江省嘉兴市2024-2025学年高二上学期期末测试英语试题一、阅读理解A1956:DartmouthworkshopOfficiallyknownastheDartmouthSummerResearchProjectonArtificialIntelligence,thisconferenceheldatDartmouthCollegeiswidelyconsideredtobethebirthplaceofAIasafield.Asmallteamofscientistscoinedthetermartificialintelligencefortheeventandsetthecourseforfuturethinkingandresearchonthetechnology.1997:DeepBlueIBM'sDeepBluebecamethefirstcomputersystemtodefeataworldchesschampioninastandardtournamentmatch.DeepBlue'sunderlyingtechnologyadvancedtheabilityofsupercomputerstotacklecomplexcalculations(运算).2019:GPT-2WhilemanymajortechcompaniesareinvolvedinthedevelopmentofAI,itwasthepublicationofthen-little-knownOpenAI'sGenerativePre-trainedTransformer2thatshowedthepowerofnaturallanguageprocessing.Abletoworkoutthenextiteminasequence,itcouldperformtaskssuchassummarizingandtranslatingtext.2022:ChatGPTThechatbotChatGPT,releasedinlate2022,wasbuiltonalargelanguagemodel—andintroducedgenerativeAIpropertothewiderworld.Itsreleasesparkedanewphaseofrapiddevelopment,andgenerativeAIquicklybegantotransformeveryaspectofbusinessandourlives.What'snextforAI?ExpertssayweshouldexpectinteractiveAIthatcaninstructothersoftwaretocarryouttasksforyou,AImakingnewscientificdiscoveries,andmodelsthatunderstandthephysicalworld,remember,reasonandplan.1．WhywastheDartmouthworkshopimportant?A．ItsetthepathforfuturestudiesonAI.B．ItledtoAI'svictoryoverhumanbeings.C．ItsolvedthechallengesindevelopingAI.D．ItshowedtheworldthefirstAIprogram.2．WhendidAIfirstdefeataworldchesschampion?A．In1956. B．In1997. C．In2019. D．In2022.3．WhatdotheexpertssayaboutAIinthefuture?A．Itfocusesonnaturallanguageprocessing.B．Itcanpromotebreakthroughsinmanyfields.C．Itwillreplacehumanbeingsinproblemsolving.D．Itdependsonthedevelopmentofothersoftware.二、BMcGriffwasinhersecondyearofuniversitywhenshereadHalftheSky,whichexaminestheunfairtreatmentofwomenindevelopingcountries.Shewasshockedtolearnthat129milliongirlsworldwidedonothaveaccesstoschool."Inmuchoftheworld,womenandgirlsareresponsibleforhouseholdduties,"saidMcGriff,"It'sseenthatgirlswon'teverbeputtingtheireducationtouse."Additionally,manypoorfamiliescan'taffordgirls'tuitionfees,schoolsuppliesanduniforms(校服).Yet,studieshaveshownthatprovidingfreeuniformscanreducedropoutratesby16%andabsenteeismbymorethan35%.ThissimplesolutiontookrootinMcGriff'smindandstartedherjourneyhelpinggirlstransformtheirlives.Asshetookanentrepreneurship(创业)class,shewastaskedwithcreatingabusinessornonprofitforaclassproject,whichremindedheroftheideaoftheschooluniform.Soonshedevelopedanidea.Afterconductingfieldresearch,McGriffreturnedhome,presentedhereducationprojectatentrepreneurshipcompetitionsandwon$35,000instartupfund.Eventuallysheestablishedhernonprofit,StyleHerEmpowered(SHE),tobringhervisiontolife.Thatfirstyear,thegrouphiredlocaltailorsandprovideduniformsandschoolfeesfor65girls.Buttheysoonranintoaproblem—thestudentswereoutgrowingquickly.Toaddressthis,McGriff'steam,togetherwithlocaltailorsandstudents,designedaninnovative"growinguniform"whichcouldbeadjustedtofitagirlforuptothreeyears,accommodatingsixdifferentsizes.Today,SHEservesgirlsin20ruralvillagesinsouthernTogo,providing1,500girlsayearwithfreeuniforms,schoolfees,supplies,tutoring,andmuchmore.Onceenrolled,studentsreceiveweeklytutoring.Asaresult,SHE'sstudentsconsistentlypasstheirexamsathigherratesthanthenationalaverage."Ourstudentshaveincreasedtheirperformanceinschooldramatically,"McGriffsaid."Ifgiventheopportunity,theyshine."4．Whatcontributestogirls'highdropoutratesaccordingtoparagraph2?A．Financialdifficulty. B．Familyconflict.C．Academicperformance. D．Schoolarrangement.5．WhendidMcGriffstarthernonprofitorganization?A．Aftersheanalyzedthedataofstudies.B．Whenshelearnedaboutgirls'dropoutrates.C．Whenshewonentrepreneurshipcompetitions.D．Aftershereadabookongirls'unfairtreatment.6．HowdidSHEsettletheissueofuniformsforgirls?A．Byhiringfamouslocaltailors.B．Bycreatingadjustableuniforms.C．Byprovidinguniformsofvarioussizes.D．Byincreasingtheschooluniformbudget.7．WhydoesthewritermentiontheschoolperformanceofSHE'sstudents?A．Tohighlighttheirhardwork.B．TosuggestthepopularityofSHE.C．Toindicatetheirfurtherdevelopment.D．ToshowtheeffectivenessofSHE'spractice.三、CInanagewhenonlinemisinformationisseeminglyeverywhereandobjectivefactsarefrequentlyquestioned,somepsychologistshavepresentedasolution:Exposeyoungchildrentomoremisinformationonline—notless.Doingsoinlimitedcircumstances,andwithcarefuloversightandeducation,canhelpchildrengainthetoolsthey'llneedtotellfactfromfalsehoodonline,saidEvanOrticio,aPh.D.studentinUCBerkeley'sDepartmentofPsychology."Childrenarebornwithskepticismc(质疑)andtheycanadapttheirlevelofskepticismaccordingtothequalityofinformationthey'veseenbeforeinadigitalcontext,"Orticiosaid."Theycanusetheirexpectationsofhowthisdigitalenvironmentworkstomakereasonableadjustmentstohowmuchtheytrustordistrustinformation."MinorsencounterhealthmisinformationwithinminutesofcreatingaTikTokaccount.EvenplatformsintendedforyoungaudienceslikeYouTubeKidshavebecomespacesformisinformation.That'saparticularproblembecauseparentsmayhavetheimpressionthatthesearesafeplacestheirkidscanexplore.Thatmaygiveafalsesenseofsecurityandallowfalsehoodsandproblematiccontenttogouncheckedandbetakenastrueandacceptable.Soencounteringmisinformationwhenchildrensurfonlineisunavoidable.Ifchildrenhavesomeexperienceworkingincontrolledbutimperfectenvironmentswheretheyareconstantlyencounteringthingsthataren'tquiteright,andweshowthemtheprocessforfiguringoutwhatisactuallytrueandnot,thatwillsetthemupwiththeexpectationtobemorecritical.Orticiosaid,"Ratherthantryingtosanitizetheironlineenvironments,parentsshouldhavediscussionswiththeirchildrenabouthowtocheckclaimsandtalkaboutwhatthey'reseeing."It'snotthatweneedtoenhancetheirskepticism.It'sthatweneedtogivethemtheabilitytousethatskepticismtotheiradvantage.8．Whyshouldchildrenbeexposedtomoremisinformationonline?A．Tomaintaintheirlevelofskepticism.B．Tohelpthemadjusttomisinformation.C．Toequipthemwithfact-checkingskills.D．Tolowertheirexpectationsofinformation.9．Whatmistakedoparentsprobablymakeaccordingtoparagraph3?A．Gatheringfalseinformationonline.B．Creatingonlineaccountsfortheirkids.C．Robbingtheirkidsofasenseofsecurity.D．Takingimperfectplatformsforsafeplaces.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"sanitize"inthelastparagraphmean?A．Adaptto. B．Relyon. C．Figureout. D．Cleanup.11．Whatshouldparentsoffertohelpchildrenexploretheonlineworld?A．Properguidance. B．Gooddigitalresources.C．Preventionstrategies. D．LimitedInternetaccess.四、DGettingintoargumentswithstrangersonlineorfamilymembersatthedinnertablecanfeelabitlikedebatingwithabrickwall.Weareprobablyallguilty(有过失的)offeelinglikeweareright,evenifwedon'thaveallthefacts.Thisphenomenoniscalledthe"illusionofinformationadequacy(IOIA)"."Interpersonalconflictisontherise,drivingincreasesinanger,anxiety,andgeneralstress,"saysAngusFletcher,aresearcherattheOhioStateUniversity."Wewantedtolookintothosemisunderstandingsandseehowtheycouldbereduced."Inthestudy,theteamsurveyed1,261Americansonline.Alltheparticipantsreadanarticleaboutanimaginaryschoolwithwatershortage.Grouponereadanarticlethatonlygavereasonsformerging(合并)withanotherschoolthathasbetterwater.Grouptworeadanarticlethatonlygavereasonsfortheschoolsstayingseparateandhopingforothersolutionstotheproblem.Groupthreewasthecontrolgroupthatreadbothsetsofthearguments.Theyfoundthemajorityofthefirsttwogroupsbelievedtheyhadenoughinformationtodecidewhattodo.Theysaidtheywouldfollowtherecommendationsinthearticletheyreadandthoughtotherswouldmakethesamedecision.About55percentofthecontrolgrouprecommendedtheschoolsmerge.TheteamcallsthisbeliefIOIA.Fletcherdescribesitas,"Thelessourbrainknows,themoreconfidentitisthatitknowsallitneedstoknow.Thismakesusleaptoconfidentconclusionsanddecisivejudgments,whenwemissnecessaryinformation."Theteamalsofoundsomewerewillingtochangetheirminds—oncetheyhadallthefacts.Timingalsoplaysarole.Thepeopleinthestudychangedtheiropinionsthatwererecentlyformed,notlong-heldbeliefs.AccordingtoFletcher,oneofthebestwaystoreduceIOIAwhendisagreeingwithsomeoneistostopandask,"IstheresomethingI'mmissingthatwouldhelpmeunderstandtheirpositionbetter?"Thiscanhelpreduceunnecessaryinterpersonalconflict.12．WhatwasthemaingoalofFletcher'sresearch?A．Tofindwaystoimprovedebateskills.B．Toidentifytypesofinformationsources.C．Toexplainwhyitisnecessarytosticktofacts.D．Toexplorehowtominimizemisunderstandings.13．WhydidparticipantsinGrouponeandtwotendtohaveIOIA?A．Theyhelddeep-rootedbeliefs.B．Theyreceivedalotoffalseinformation.C．Theywereexposedtoone-sidedarguments.D．Theywereworriedabouttheschool'ssituation.14．WhatdoesFletchersuggesttofightIOIA?A．Establishinginterpersonalbonds.B．Seekingtobridgetheinformationgap.C．Encouragingotherstoseethebigpicture.D．Stressingtheweaknessesinothers'positions.15．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．WhyDoPeopleInsistTheyAreCorrect?B．DoesInterpersonalConflictLeadtoStress?C．CanConversationsAffectWhatWeBelieve?D．WhatContributestoSensibleDecision-making?五、阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。ThewordforSamoanstosayhelloisTalofa.16．Itdependsonwhothey'respeakingwithandtheformalityofthesituation.Intheolddays,Samoansgreetedeachotherbytouchingforeheadsandnosestogether.ThepracticewaswidelydiscontinuedaftertheSpanishinfluenzapandemic(流行病)wipedoutaround20percentofourpopulation.17．Now,whataboutthelanguagethatSamoansusetogreetpeople?TalofaistheofficialwordforhelloinSamoan.18．ThatisSi-o'u-alofa,whichliterallymeans:mylove,buttheunspokenunderstandingbehinditisthatI'mofferingmylovetothepersonI'maddressing.Sobasically,Talofameansmyloveisforyou.AnothergreetingexpressionisUa'esau,whichconfusedmewhenIfirstheardit.ButIsoonlearnedthatit'ssocommonandsoverySamoan.Whenyoushowupsomewhere,it'sperfectlynaturalforaSamoantoask,"Ua'esau?"19．Anyoneoutsideourculturemightthink,"Uhh,canyounotseethatIamhere,andIhavearrived?"Actually,it'sjustawayforthegreetertoacknowledgeyouarenowintheirpresence.AlsoI'venoticedthatifyourarrivalisunexpected,thisquestionisabeautifullysubtle(微妙的)wayofaskingwhyyouarehere.20．A.Itmeans,"Haveyouarrived?"B.Buttheyuseafewothergreetingsaswell.C.RememberitnexttimeaSamoanasksyou,"Ua'esau?"D.Theymightwonderwhyyoubothertoasksuchaquestion.E.Itcomesfromanoldergreetingpackedwithbeautifulmeaning.F.SoweshouldpracticesomeofSamoa'smostcommongreetingwords.G.Thesedays,Samoansliketogreeteachotherwithasinglekissonthecheek.六、阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ManuelVera,aretireeinSilverSpring,hadnoideahiseffortswouldgothisfar.Atfirst,he21．soughttohelphisneighborsstayphysicallyactivebyofferingto22．theirbikesforfree.Allheaskedwasthecostofnewparts.Later,hestartedthinkingabouttheunusedbikespeoplehadathomeand23．neighborstodonatethosecollecting24．intheirbasements.SilverSpring,aWashington,D.C.,suburbofabout80,000,isa25．communitybringingtogetherfamilies,youngprofessionals,retireeslikeVera,andalargecommunityofimmigrantsandrefugees(难民)26．tomakethisplacehome.Veratunes(调整)upthedonatedbikesand27．themtoparks,foodbanks,andapartmentcomplexes.HecampsoutwithhisFreeBikessignandwaitsforpeopletowanderover.Thenhe28．peoplewiththeperfectnewrideandwatchesthemrideawayhappy.Hisinitial29．sawsixbikesgoinunder30minutes.Inadditiontotheadultsandkidshe30．athisFreeBikesevents,customerscomefromlocalresettlementagenciesandothernonprofits.Thegroups31．informationincludingtheheight,genderandageofa32．,andVeradeliversafittingbicycletotheirdoor.He'shappytomakethe33．.NowneighborsknowhimastheBikeDude,andtheykeephimbusywitha34．supplyofbikes,helmetsandlocks.Sofar,morethan700SilverSpringershavenewwheelstotakethemanywheretheirfeetcan35．,thankstothebig-heartedBikeDude.21．A．simply B．naturally C．immediately D．certainly22．A．wash B．mend C．keep D．recycle23．A．agreedwith B．arrangedfor C．dependedon D．appealedto24．A．dust B．attention C．energy D．information25．A．secure B．lively C．diverse D．friendly26．A．careful B．eager C．ambitious D．proud27．A．sells B．lends C．donates D．transports28．A．pairs B．connects C．mixes D．compares29．A．repair B．sale C．giveaway D．experiment30．A．invites B．encounters C．hires D．comforts31．A．confirm B．spread C．provide D．process32．A．donor B．professional C．volunteer D．rider33．A．trip B．decision C．choice D．fortune34．A．flexible B．steady C．limited D．fixed35．A．kick B．walk C．pedal D．move七、第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Theworld'slargestthree-dimensionalLEGOmodelof"AlongtheRiverDuringtheQingmingFestival"wasdisplayedinHongKonglastweek.Covering47squaremeters,theexhibitbecameapopularattraction,artfully36．(piece)togetherawonderfulworldwheretheoldandthenewmet."Werolledoutthisexhibitmainly37．(promote)traditionalChineseculturethroughcreativeeventsappealingtoyoungpeople,"saidadeputygeneralmanagerofBankofChina.Aspeoplewalkedalongthe26-meter-longandthree-dimensionalmodelmadeofupto3millionlegobricks,theycouldpicturethemselvesinlivelyancientstreets,38．sellerswereofferinggoodsandkidswereplayinghideandseek.Pointingat39．two-storeybuildingwithafrontdoordecoratedwithcolorfulribbons,LiChun-tung,a40．(lecture)attheUniversityofHongKong,said,"Thiswasoneofthe41．(busy)restaurantsthen,withdecorationsthatweretypical42．innsandbarsinNorthernSongDynasty."Thelegomodelrecreatedmanydetailsoflifeovercenturiesago,muchthesameasthosepresentedinthepainting.Itcombinedtwo43．(entire)differentculturalrepresentativesfromtheEastandtheWest,44．(offer)viewersaglimpseintothepastandinspiredthemtoexplorethe45．(rich)ofChineseheritage.八、第一节（满分15分）46．假定你是李华，参加了上周五学校举办的烹饪比赛。请给你的新西兰好友Linda写一封邮件分享你的经历，内容包括：（1）你制作的美食；（2）你的感想。注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右；（2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。DearLinda,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua九、第二节（满分25分）47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Wilmawasalivelychildwhoalwayswantedtoplayoutside.Theonlyproblemwas,shegotsick—alot!Eversinceshewasborn,shewaseitherfeverish,coughing,sneezingorcoveredinspots...oratleast,thatwashowsherememberedit!PoorWilmacaughtlotsofdiseaseswithlongnamesandspentalotoftimeinthehospital."Ifbeingillwereasport,I'dbeachampion!"Whenshewasfive,Wilmacaughtsomethingcalledpolio,anditlookedasifshemightnevergettoplayoutsideagain.Wilmarecoveredfromcatchingpolio,butherleftlegandfootwerebadlyweakenedbythedisease.Thismadeitdifficultforhertowalk.Thatmeantshecouldn'tgotonurseryschoolorherfirstyearsofprimaryschoollikeeveryoneelse.Itmadeherupsettoseetheotherkidshavingfunoutside.Whilethedoctorstreatedherweaklegandshelearnedhowtowalkagain,shehadlessonsathome.Wilmaalsohadtotakeafifty-milebusridewithhermumtwiceaweektogotoMeharryMedicalCollege.Thekinddoctorsandnursesatthecollegegaveherexercisestostrengthenhermuscles.Shehadtowearametalbrace(支架)thatsupportedherleftleg.Usingthis,shecouldfinallywalkbyherselfandgotoschoolwithotherkids.Thatsoundedgood,butthelittlegirlreallyhatedwearingit.Shehadtowearitwithheavyshoesthatmadeherstandout."Whatwilltheotherkidssay?"sheaskedhermum."Idon'twanttolookdifferent!"Hermothertriedtocheerherup."Youwon'thavetowearitforever,dear.Justkeepexercisingandmakeyourlegstrong!"That'swhatWilmadid!Shemadesuretodoalltheexercisesthedoctorsgavehertomakeherlegbetter.Itwasn'teasy,butshekeptimagininghowwonderfulitwouldbetowalktoschoolwithoutthebrace.注意：(1)续写词数应为150个左右；(2)请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。WhenWilmawastwelve,thedoctorsdecidedthatherlegwasstrongenough.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Then,shewasinvitedtojoinherschool'strackteam.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

答案解析部分【答案】1．A2．B3．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，按时间顺序回顾了人工智能（AI）发展历程中的关键里程碑，包括1956年达特茅斯会议确立AI领域地位、1997年IBM深蓝战胜国际象棋冠军、2019年OpenAI的GPT-2展现自然语言处理能力，以及2022年ChatGPT推动生成式AI普及，并展望了AI未来在交互性、科学发现和物理世界理解等方面的突破。

【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇科技类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。1．推理判断题。根据1956:Dartmouthworkshop部分中"OfficiallyknownastheDartmouthSummerResearchProjectonArtificialIntelligence,thisconferenceheldatDartmouthCollegeiswidelyconsideredtobethebirthplaceofAIasafield.Asmallteamofscientistscoinedthetermartificialintelligencefortheeventandsetthecourseforfuturethinkingandresearchonthetechnology."在达特茅斯学院举行的这次会议正式被称为达特茅斯夏季研究项目，被广泛认为是AI的发源地。一小群科学家为这一事件创造了"人工智能"一词，并为未来的技术思考和研究设定了方向)"可知，达特茅斯研讨会被认为是AI的发源地，且在会议上提出了"人工智能"一词，这为未来的技术思考和研究设定了方向，由此可推知，达特茅斯研讨会很重要的原因是它为未来的AI研究指明了道路。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据1997:DeepBlue部分中的"IBM'sDeepBluebecamethefirstcomputersystemtodefeataworldchesschampioninastandardtournamentmatch."IBM'sDeepBlue成为第一个在标准锦标赛中击败世界象棋冠军的计算机系统。可知，AI于1997年首次击败世界国际象棋冠军，故选B。3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"ExpertssayweshouldexpectinteractiveAIthatcaninstructothersoftwaretocarryouttasksforyou,AImakingnewscientificdiscoveries,andmodelsthatunderstandthephysicalworld,remember,reasonandplan."专家表示，我们应该期待能够与其他软件互动以执行任务的AI，能够进行新科学发现的AI，以及能够理解物理世界、记忆推理和规划的模型。可知，专家表示，未来AI能够理解物理世界、记忆推理和规划的模型，这说明未来AI可以促进许多领域的突破。故选B。【答案】4．A5．C6．B7．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了McGriff在大学期间读到揭示发展中国家女性不公平待遇的书籍后，受启发关注女孩教育问题，通过创业课程将提供免费校服的构想发展为公益项目，创立非营利组织StyleHerEmpowered(SHE)。该组织不仅为多哥农村女孩提供校服、学费及学习用品，还创新设计可调节尺寸的"成长型校服"，并通过每周辅导显著提升学生成绩，成功帮助1500名女孩突破教育困境，证明给予机会便能绽放潜力。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。4．细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Additionally,manypoorfamiliescan'taffordgirls'tuitionfees,schoolsuppliesanduniforms(校服)."此外，许多贫困家庭负担不起女孩的学费、学习用品和校服。可知，经济困难导致很多家庭负担不起女孩上学的费用，这是导致女孩高辍学率的原因。故选A。5．细节理解题。根据第三段中的"Afterconductingfieldresearch,McGriffreturnedhome,presentedhereducationprojectatentrepreneurshipcompetitionsandwon$35,000instartupfund.Eventuallysheestablishedhernonprofit,StyleHerEmpowered(SHE),tobringhervisiontolife."在进行了实地研究后，McGriff回到家乡，在创业比赛中展示了她的教育项目，并赢得了3.5万美元的启动资金。最终，她成立了非营利组织StyleHerEmpowered(SHE)，将她的愿景变为现实。可知，McGriff是在赢得创业比赛后成立了她的非营利组织。故选C。6．细节理解题。根据第四段中的"Toaddressthis,McGriff'steam,togetherwithlocaltailorsandstudents,designedaninnovative‘growinguniform'whichcouldbeadjustedtofitagirlforuptothreeyears,accommodatingsixdifferentsizes."为了解决这个问题，McGriff的团队与当地裁缝和学生一起，设计了一种创新的"成长校服"，这种校服可以调整尺寸，让一个女孩穿长达三年，适合六种不同的尺码。可知，SHE通过设计可调节的校服解决了女孩校服的问题。故选B。7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"Asaresult,SHE'sstudentsconsistentlypasstheirexamsathigherratesthanthenationalaverage.‘Ourstudentshaveincreasedtheirperformanceinschooldramatically,'McGriffsaid.‘Ifgiventheopportunity,theyshine.'"结果，SHE的学生考试通过率一直高于全国平均水平。McGriff说："我们的学生在学校的表现有了显著提高。如果给他们机会，他们会大放异彩。"可推知，作者提到SHE学生的学业表现，是为了展示SHE的做法是有效的。故选D。【答案】8．C9．D10．D11．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，在网络错误信息泛滥、客观事实常遭质疑的时代，心理学家提出新策略：与其试图为儿童净化网络环境，不如通过可控方式适度暴露其接触错误信息，并辅以批判性思维教育。研究表明儿童天生具备质疑能力，能根据数字信息质量调整信任度，因此家长应通过讨论和引导帮助儿童建立验证信息真伪的能力，使其学会利用质疑本能辨别网络虚假内容，而非单纯增强怀疑态度。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。8．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"Doingsoinlimitedcircumstances,andwithcarefuloversightandeducation,canhelpchildrengainthetoolsthey'llneedtotellfactfromfalsehoodonline,saidEvanOrticio,aPh.D.studentinUCBerkeley'sDepartmentofPsychology."加州大学伯克利分校心理学系的博士生EvanOrticio说，在有限的情况下，并在仔细的监督和教育下这样做，可以帮助孩子们获得他们在网上辨别真假所需的工具。可知，让孩子们接触更多网络错误信息是为了使他们具备核实事实的技能。故选C。9．细节理解题。根据第三段中的"That'saparticularproblembecauseparentsmayhavetheimpressionthatthesearesafeplacestheirkidscanexplore."这是一个特别的问题，因为家长们可能会觉得这些是他们孩子可以探索的安全地方。可知，家长可能犯的错误是把不完美的平台当作安全的地方。故选D。10．词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的"Ratherthantryingtosanitizetheironlineenvironments,parentsshouldhavediscussionswiththeirchildrenabouthowtocheckclaimsandtalkaboutwhatthey'reseeing."与其试图sanitize他们的网络环境，父母应该和他们的孩子讨论如何核实信息，并谈论他们所看到的内容；并结合语境可知，这里是说与其清理网络环境，不如教孩子辨别，所以划线词sanitize意思是"清理，净化"，故选D。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"‘Ratherthantryingtosanitizetheironlineenvironments,parentsshouldhavediscussionswiththeirchildrenabouthowtocheckclaimsandtalkaboutwhatthey'reseeing.'It'snotthatweneedtoenhancetheirskepticism.It'sthatweneedtogivethemtheabilitytousethatskepticismtotheiradvantage.""与其试图净化他们的网络环境，父母应该和他们的孩子讨论如何核实信息，并谈论他们所看到的内容。"这并不是说我们需要加强他们的怀疑。而是我们需要让他们有能力利用这种怀疑主义。可知，父母应该为孩子探索网络世界提供适当的指导。故选A。【答案】12．D13．C14．B15．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明人们在信息不充分时易产生"信息充足错觉"（IOIA），即因缺乏全面认知而过度自信地做出判断，导致人际冲突加剧。实验通过模拟学校合并决策场景，发现仅接触片面信息的群体更易坚信自身观点正确，而全面了解信息者则能更理性决策。研究者指出，减少此类错觉的关键在于主动反思自身认知局限，通过追问"是否遗漏关键信息"来促进理解，从而缓解人际矛盾。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。12．细节理解题。根据第二段中的""Wewantedtolookintothosemisunderstandingsandseehowtheycouldbereduced."我们想探讨这些误解，并看看如何减少它们。可知，Fletcher的研究是主要是为了探索如何最大程度地减少误解。故选D。13．推理判断题。根据第三段中的"Inthestudy,theteamsurveyed1,261Americansonline.Alltheparticipantsreadanarticleaboutanimaginaryschoolwithwatershortage.Grouponereadanarticlethatonlygavereasonsformergingwithanotherschoolthathasbetterwater.Grouptworeadanarticlethatonlygavereasonsfortheschoolsstayingseparateandhopingforothersolutionstotheproblem."在这项研究中，研究团队在网上调查了1261名美国人。所有参与者都阅读了一篇关于一所缺水学校的虚构报道。第一组阅读的报道只给出了与另一所有更好水源的学校合并的理由。第二组阅读的报道只给出了学校保持独立并希望找到其他的方法的理由。可知，第一组和第二组所阅读的报道给出的理由都是单方面的，所以第一组和第二组的参与者倾向于有信息充足错觉（IOIA）。故选C。14．推理判断题。根据最后一段"AccordingtoFletcher,oneofthebestwaystoreduceIOIAwhendisagreeingwithsomeoneistostopandask,‘IstheresomethingI'mmissingthatwouldhelpmeunderstandtheirpositionbetter?'Thiscanhelpreduceunnecessaryinterpersonalconflict."根据弗莱彻的说法，当与他人意见不同时，减少IOIA的最好方法之一是停下来问自己："我是不是漏掉了什么导致我无法更好地理解他们的立场？"这可以帮助减少不必要的冲突。可知，Fletcher建议，要想应对信息充足错觉（IOIA），你应该问自己是不是漏掉了什么导致自己无法更好地理解他们的立场，这说明要努力弥补信息差，可推知，Fletcher建议要通过弥补信息差来应对IOIA，故选B。15．标题归纳题。根据第一段"Gettingintoargumentswithstrangersonlineorfamilymembersatthedinnertablecanfeelabitlikedebatingwithabrickwall.Weareprobablyallguiltyoffeelinglikeweareright,evenifwedon'thaveallthefacts.Thisphenomenoniscalledthe‘illusionofinformationadequacy(IOIA)'."在网上与陌生人或在晚餐桌上与家人争吵，感觉就像在和一堵砖墙辩论。我们可能都犯过这样的错误，自己是对的，即使我们没有掌握所有的事实。这种现象被称为"信息充足错觉"(IOIA)；以及第二段中的"Wewantedtolookintothosemisunderstandingsandseehowtheycouldbereduced."我们想探讨这些误解，并看看如何减少它们。可知，在与别人争吵时，我们总认为自己是对的，这种现象被称为"信息充足错觉"(IOIA)。文章主要介绍了我们有信息充足错觉的原因，"为什么人们坚持认为自己是对的？"适合作文章标题，故选A。【答案】16．B；17．G；18．E；19．A；20．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了萨摩亚人的问候文化，包括传统额头相触的礼仪因流感大流行而终止，以及现代常用的问候语"Talofa"（意为"我的爱献给你"）和"Ua'esau"（通过询问"你如何到来"委婉表达关注与在场确认）。这些语言习惯既体现了萨摩亚文化对爱的直接表达，也展现了通过微妙提问传递社交意图的文化特色。

【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇文化类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。16．根据空前"ThewordforSamoanstosayhelloisTalofa."萨摩亚人说你好是Talofa。指出萨摩亚人打招呼的会说Talofa；以及空后"Itdependsonwhothey'respeakingwithandtheformalityofthesituation."这取决于他们与谁交谈以及情况的正式程度。指出萨摩亚人与谁交谈以及情况的正式程度也会决定他们的打招呼方式，可知，萨摩亚人应该有不同的打招呼方式，B.Buttheyuseafewothergreetingsaswell."但他们也使用其他几种问候语。"承上启下，符合语境，故选B。17．根据空前"Intheolddays,Samoansgreetedeachotherbytouchingforeheadsandnosestogether.ThepracticewaswidelydiscontinuedaftertheSpanishinfluenzapandemic(流行病)wipedoutaround20percentofourpopulation."在过去，萨摩亚人通过额头和鼻子相触来互相问候。在西班牙流感大流行夺去了我们大约20%的人口，这种做法被广泛停止了。指出流感使得萨摩亚人改变了原来的打招呼方式，此处承接上文，指出他们改变后的打招呼方式，G.Thesedays,Samoansliketogreeteachotherwithas