UnitThinkingoutoftheboxExtendedreading课件高中英语译林版(00)选修第三册()

高中英语译林版(2020)选修第三册课件Unit2ThinkingoutoftheboxExtendedreading26Howtheworldgoteyeglasses制作者：桂东一中李宇平◆内容分析

【What】本板块的语篇是一篇杂志文章，介绍了眼镜的发明、演变和完善过程，以翔实的案例列举人们在改造和使用眼镜的过程中遇到的种种问题以及相应的解决方案，以此突显创新思维在其中的推动作用。【Why】本文通过介绍眼镜的发明和发展，旨在引导我们了解眼镜这项改变人类历史的重大发明背后的故事，对发明创造这一话题进行深度思考，进而培育我们勇于革新的创新精神。

【How】本文的语篇类型为杂志文章，结构完整，条理清晰，语言生动，内容翔实。第一段和第二段用设问和举例驳论的方式引出话题，证明眼镜的发明是人类最重要的突破之一；第三段至第八段按照时间发展顺序和眼镜部件（即镜片到镜框）的顺序介绍了人们在发明和使用眼镜的过程中遇到的各种问题以及人们如何利用各种创意想法解决这些问题，随后将话题延伸至眼镜在当前的高科技时代面临的新挑战；最后一段总结眼镜对人类发展的重要作用，呼吁人们正确看待智能眼镜的未来发展。在写作手法上，作者利用每段的首句将段与段之间紧密相连；通过各个历史节点梳理眼镜的发展历程；利用however,although,unfortunately等连接词表明观点。在语言风格上，作者利用“Oh,wait”,“Ouch!”等话语标记语增强文章的感染力和趣味性。文章各部分之间的衔接巧妙自然，语言简洁又不失风趣，富有整体感和时代感。◆ 教学目标

Bytheendofthissection,wewillbeableto:1.summarizethemainideaofthemagazinearticle;2.appreciatethelanguagefeatureofthemagazinearticle;3.giveouropinionsaboutmankind’smostimportantinventions;4.recognizetheimportanceofgreatinventions.

Readthemagazinearticleabouthoweyeglasseswereinvented.Howtheworldgoteyeglasses眼镜是如何问世的?

Whatarethegreatestbreakthroughshumanshavemadesincetheinventionofthewheel?Whenamagazineposedthisquestiontoapanelofexperts(专家组),includingscientists,entrepreneurs,engineersandhistorians,eyeglassescameinbehindonlymodernelectronics,penicillin,electricityandtheprintingpress.自轮子发明以来，人类取得的最大突破是什么？当一本杂志向包括科学家、企业家、工程师和历史学家在内的一个专家小组提出这个问题时，眼镜这个答案仅次于印刷机、电力、青霉素和现代电子产品。panel专家咨询组；(广播、电视上的)讨论小组printingpress印刷机Ifyoudisagreewiththisranking,trythisquickexperiment:rubsomesoaponapieceofglassandholditinfrontofyoureyes.Or,ifyouwearglassesorcontactlenses,removethemandtrytokeepreading.Oh,wait—youcan’t,becauseyoucan’tseeclearlyenough.

如果你不同意这个排名的话，试试这个快速的实验：在一块玻璃上擦一些肥皂，然后把它举到你的眼前。或者，如果你戴眼镜或隐形眼镜的话，摘下它们，再试着继续阅读。哦，等等——你读不了了，因为你看得不够清楚。rank·ing

/ˈræŋkɪŋ/地位,排名,排位contactlens隐形眼镜remove脱去(衣服等);摘下Asanyonewhoneedscorrectivelenseswilltellyou,beingabletoseeclearlyishugelyimportant,whetheryou’retryingtoputtogetherasetofbuildingblocksorreadyourfavouritebook.任何一个需要矫正镜片的人都会告诉你，能看得清楚是极其重要的，无论你是正试着组装一套积木还是阅读你最喜欢的书。cor·rect·ive

/kəˈrektɪv/adj.改正的；纠正的；矫正的n.~(tosth)起纠正作用的东西；修改；纠正huge·ly/ˈhjuːdʒli/极度,极其;非常,深深地,大大地putsth.together组装；组织；汇集buildingblock积木；塑料积木;buildingblocks组成部分,构成要素

Consideringthatmanypeopleintheworldsufferfrompoorvision,youmaythinkthatthegreat

mindsofhistorywouldhavequicklycometogethertotackletheproblem.However,thisisn’tatallwhathappened.Longbeforeanythinglikespectaclesexisted,peoplehadnoticedthatapieceofcurvedglasscouldmagnifyanimage.About2,000yearsago,peoplebeganmakingmagnifyingglassesthisway.Thesewereprobablythefirstsimplecorrectivelenses.考虑到世界上许多人都受到视力不佳的困扰，你可能觉得历史上的智者们会迅速联手解决这个问题。然而，事实根本就不是这样。早在类似眼镜的东西出现之前，人们就已注意到一块曲面玻璃可以放大图像。mind聪明人,富有才智的人

cometogether合成一体,结合,联合curved

/kɜːvd/呈弯曲状的；弧形的

Nooneknowswhocameupwiththetechnologyofshapingglasstobringimagesintobetterfocus,ormountinglensesinframesthatcouldgoinfrontofyourface.Mostlikely,manyanonymousglassmakerstriedtoimprovethetechnologybytrialanderror.Althoughwedon’tknowexactlywhomtothank,itisprettymuchagreedthatcorrectivelensesfirstappearedinItalyinthe1280s.没有人知道是谁发明了使图像变得更清晰的玻璃塑形技术，或是把镜片嵌入能够戴在你脸上的镜框中的技术。最有可能的是，许多不知名的玻璃匠人曾尝试不断摸索来改进这项技术。虽然我们不知道到底该感谢谁，但人们普遍认为，矫正镜片最早出现在13世纪80年代的意大利。shape

A(intoB)使成为…形状(或样子),塑造mountsth(on/onto/insth)镶嵌；安置;

Oncethetechnologywasavailable,spectaclescaughtonquickly.Justlikesomanypopularaccessoriestoday,spectaclessoonbecamefashionable.Peoplethoughtglassesmadethemlookmoreintelligentorsophisticated.Theyweregivenawayasgiftsandwerepopularamongpeoplewhodidn’tevenneedthem.

自从有了这项技术，眼镜很快就流行了起来。就像今天的许多流行配饰一样，眼镜很快就成了时髦。人们认为，戴眼镜使他们看起来更聪明或者更精致。眼镜被当成礼物赠予他人，而且在那些甚至并不需要它们的人当中也受到欢迎。ac·ces·sory

/əkˈsesəri/附件,配件,附属物;(衣服的)配饰so·phis·ti·cated

见多识广的,老练的,见过世面的;(人)水平高的,在行的;复杂巧妙的；先进的；精密的Inthe15thcentury,theprintingpresswasinvented,makingbooksplentifulandrelativelyinexpensive.Thisdrovethedemandfor

readingglasses.Therewas,however,apracticalproblemtoovercome.Whilethequalityofthelenseswasimprovingrapidly,gettingthemtostaycomfortablyonthefacewasagreatchallenge.Indeed,readingwhileeatingoftenmeantspectaclesinthesoup!

到了15世纪，印刷机发明问世，使得书籍大量出现且相对便宜。这推动了对阅读眼镜的需求。但是，有一个现实问题需要解决。虽然镜片的质量在迅速提高，但让眼镜舒舒服服地戴在脸上可是一个巨大的挑战。的确，边吃饭边看书往往会让眼镜掉进汤里去！readingglasses阅读用放大镜;老花镜drive激励,促进,推进;驱动,推动mean产生…结果,意味着

Peoplemademanyattemptstoovercomethisproblem,somestrangerthanothers.Spectacleswereheldonthefacebytyingthreadstotheframesandloopingthemovertheears.Weightsweresometimestiedtotheendsofthethreadstocounterbalancetheweightoftheglassestokeepthemfromslippingoff.人们做了很多尝试来克服这个问题，有些尝试尤为奇怪。有人将线系在镜框上，再把线绕在耳朵上，以这样的方法将眼镜戴在脸上。有时还会在线的末端系上重物，以平衡眼镜的重量，防止滑落。loop

/luːp/使成环；使绕成圈weight(用于固定某物或用作机器部件的)重体,重物coun·ter·bal·ance抗衡,抵消,对…起平衡作用Somepeopleusedthreadsorwiresto

hooktheirglassestotheirhatssothattheydangledjustinfrontoftheeyes.Othersattachedthemto

strapstiedaroundtheforeheadorthreadedthemintotheirhair.有人用线或金属丝把眼镜钩在他们的帽子上，这样眼镜正好就挂在了眼前。还有人把眼镜与前额的绑带相连，或者插进头发里。hook(使)钩住,挂住dan·gle/ˈdæŋɡl/悬垂,悬挂,悬荡,悬摆strap/stræp/带子thread把(细长物体)穿进Stillotherdesignssimply

percheduneasily

on

thebridgeofthenose.Latermodelsworkedabitbetterbyhavingtheframesslightlypinchthenose.Thesestayedonthefacelonger,buttheymusthavebeenquiteuncomfortable.

还有其他一些设计只是将眼镜架在鼻梁上，很不舒服。后来的型号让镜框轻轻夹住鼻子，这样效果稍好一些。这种眼镜固定在脸上的时间更长了，但一定很不舒服。perch(onsth)置于（顶上或边上）uneasily/ʌnˈiːzɪli/不稳定地,靠不住地,不确定地,不安地thebridgeofsb'snose鼻梁work产生…作用;奏效；产生预期的结果（或作用）

It’shardtoimaginewhyittooksolongtodesignspectacleswitharm

piecesthatcouldclipbehindtheears,buttheseweren’tinventeduntilthe18thcentury.Eventhen,thesidestemswereshortanddesignedtoclamptightlyagainstthetemples(Ouch!).很难想象人们为什么花了这么长时间才设计出可以别在耳朵后面、带有镜腿的眼镜，然而这种眼镜直到18世纪才发明出来。即便如此，那时的镜腿也很短，而且设计成紧紧夹住太阳穴的样子（哎哟！）。clip

/klɪp/(-pp-)夹住；别住；被夹住arm(物体的)臂状物

piece零件,部件stem(花草的)茎;(花或叶的)梗,柄;(高脚酒杯的)脚temple太阳穴；鬓角Likeinventingthelensesthemselves,comingupwithdesignsthatwereeasytousewasmostlyamatteroftrialanderror.Thesedays,technologyhasmadespectaclescomfortable.Unfortunately,nowthatwe’vetackledthetechnologicalproblemofhelpingpeopleseeclearly,wefaceanethicaldilemma

posedbythedevelopmentofsmartglasses,whicharewearablecomputersinessence.遗憾的是，现在我们已经解决了帮助人们看清楚的技术问题，但我们仍面临着智能眼镜的发展所带来的一个伦理困境。智能眼镜本质上是可穿戴计算机。wear·able/ˈweərəbl/穿戴舒适的,可穿戴的,适于穿戴的inessence本质上Lookinglikeapairofordinaryglasses,smartglassesmakeitpossibleforthewearertousetheWebandmakevideosofeverythingtheysee.However,opponentsofsmartglassesbelievethatadevicethatallowsitswearertorecordpeoplewithouttheirknowledge,almostanywhereandanytime,isdisturbing.它看起来就像一副普通眼镜，但它可以让佩戴者使用网络，并将自己看到的一切拍摄下来。然而，反对智能眼镜的人们相信，这种设备让佩戴者在他人不知情的情况下，几乎随时随地地记录他人的行为，这是令人不安的。opponent(ofsth)反对者；阻止者knowledge知晓；知悉；了解Eventhoughwehavebecomeusedtothemarvelsofmoderntechnology,westillneedtopauseandthinkaboutthepotentialnegativeimpactofthisnewinvention.

We’llhavetowaitandseeifsmartglasseswouldfollowthesamepath

asregularglasses,orinotherwords,iftheirusefulnesswouldoutweighpotentialproblems.尽管我们已经习惯了现代科技的种种奇迹，我们仍然需要停下来思考一下这项新发明潜在的负面影响。我们只能拭目以待，看看智能眼镜是否会遵循与普通眼镜相同的道路，或者换句话说，它的作用是否会超过潜在的问题。regular普通的；平凡的use·ful·ness/ˈjuːsfəlnəs/有用；实用；可用性Meanwhile,thoseofuswhoneedcorrectivelensestoreadaboutthecontroversyshouldbegratefultothatanonymousItalianglassmakerwhofirstinventedordinaryoldspectacles.

与此同时，我们这些需要矫正镜片来阅读这一争议的人都应该感谢那位第一个发明了普通老式眼镜的不知名的意大利玻璃匠人。read(about/ofsth)(不用于进行时)读到；查阅到A.Writeasummaryofthemagazinearticle.Usethefollowingideastohelpyou.•Thedevelopmentoflenses•Thedevelopmentofframes•Theethicaldilemmaofsmartglasses

Eyeglasses,oneofhumankind’sgreatestinventions,tookalongwhilebeforetheywereinvented.First,lensesweredeveloped.About2,000yearsago,curvedglasswasusedtomagnifyobjects.ItisprettymuchagreedthatcorrectivelensesfirstappearedinItalyinthe1280s.Overtime,glassesgrewpopular,butwerechallenginganduncomfortabletowear.Thereweremanyinterestingandstrangeideasabouthowtoovercometheproblemofgettingthelensestostaycomfortablyontheface.Inthe18thcentury,spectacleswitharmpiecesthatcouldclipbehindtheearswereinvented.NewtechnologyhasledtothedevelopmentofsmartglassesthatcanconnectthewearertotheInternetandrecordwhattheysee.Thispresentsanethicalproblemrelatedtopeople’sprivacy.Wearenotsureiftheusefulnessofsmartglasseswouldoutweightheirpotentialproblems.Anyway,weshouldbethankfultotheinventoroftheordinaryoldspectacles.

B.Whatdoyouthinkofthelanguagefeatureofthemagazinearticle?Usedetailsfromthearticletosupportyouropinion.

Ithinkthestyleisinformalandconversational.Atthestart,theauthorincludesthereaderintheconversationbyaddressingthemdirectlywiththepronoun“you”.con·ver·sa·tion·al非正式的,用于交谈的,口语的address称呼(某人)；冠以(某种称呼)Forexample,“Ifyoudisagreewiththisranking,trythisquickexperiment...”and“youmaythinkthat...”.Thearticlealsopresentsfactsinahumorousstyle,likewhentheauthorwrites:“Indeed,readingwhileeatingoftenmeantspectaclesinthesoup!”and“Eventhen,...designedtoclamptightlyagainstthetemples(Ouch!)”.Inaddition,thearticlepresentsaneutralperspectiveaboutthetopic,includingthecontroversy,byavoidingstrongsensationalistlanguage.Thisallowsthereadertoenjoythearticleanddecideforthemselveshowtheyfeelaboutglasses.sensationalist/sɛˈnseɪʃənəlɪst/哗众取宠的C.Whataremankind’smostimportantinventionsinyouropinion?Makealistofthetopfiveandexplainbrieflywhytheyareimportant.Ithinkthetopfivemostimportantinventionsarethewheel,thevaccine,thecomputer,thetelephoneandtheelectricbulb.Thewheelisoneofthemostfundamentalinventionsweuseinoureverydaylives.Sinceitsinvention,ithasgivenrisetoeverythingfromtransporttomodern-daymachineryandalmosteverythinginbetween.(in)between（空间或时间上）介于…之间Thevaccinehasprotectedusfrominfectiousdiseasesandisthebestwaytocontrolthemostdeadlyones.Thecomputerhasledtomanymoretechnologieswecouldusetoinnovateandexplorefurther,whichhashelpedusdevelopmuchfasterinallareasofourlives.ThetelephonehashelpedmakecommunicationacrossdistanceseasierandalsoplayedapartintheearlystageofthedevelopmentoftheInternet.电话使得远距离的交流变得更加便捷，而且在互联网的早期发展过程中也发挥了重要作用。control阻止蔓延（或恶化）Theelectricbulbhasbroughtforthmanychangesinoursocietiesbecauseitallowsustobemuchmoreproductiveatnightorwhennaturallightispoor.bringsb./sth.forth生产；产出WorkbookPage65B.ReadingandwritingB1.Theevolutionofthebaseballgloveisaprocessofcontinuedimprovementthroughinnovation.Readthemagazinearticlebelowandcompleteitwiththecorrectsentencesinthebox.TherearetwosentencesyoudoNOTneedtouse.Writethelettersintheblanks.a.Thankstothisnewdesign,fielderscouldeasilysnatchtheballwithonlyonehand.多亏了这种新设计，捕手可以轻松地单手接球。field·er/fields·man(板球和棒球)守场员,外场手,外野手snatch

一把抓起,一下夺过,=grab;抓紧时间做,乘机获得b.Forexample,catchers’mittswereworkgloveswithoutfingerstoallowtheplayertobetterhandletheball.例如，捕手手套是无指手套，以便球员更好地处理球。c.Ifagloveiswellcaredfor,itcanlastdecades.如果手套得到妥善保养，可以使用数十年。d.However,thebaseballgloveismorethananitemofemotionalvalue.然而，棒球手套不仅仅是一件情感价值的物品。e.Behindeverygloveisagreatglovestory.catch·er接球手;捕捉者;捕捉器;捕手

pitcher投手mitt/mɪt/接球手套；棒球手套finger（手套的）指部last够用，足够维持（尤指某段时间）f.Earlyfirstbasemittdesignswerespecializedfromthepaddedfielders’glovetoanopenmittdesign.早期的一垒手套设计从填充式外野手套演变为开放式手套设计。g.Thisledtoglovesbeingdesignedtosoftenthecatch.这导致手套被设计成能缓冲接球的柔软结构。firstbase(棒球)一垒spe·cial·ized/ˈspeʃəlaɪzd/专用的；专业的；专门的pad(用软材料)填充,覆盖,保护;垫衬soft·en

减轻,减缓,削弱;(使)柔和,和缓;(使)态度缓和,变温和,变宽厚;(使)变软,软化catch接（球等）ThegameofbaseballhaslongbeenwovenintothefabricofAmericanlife.Itisnosurprisethenthatthebaseballgloveisassociatedwithfondmemories.(1)______________________________________________________________Itisalsoanexampleofaproductthathasbeenperfectedovertime.棒球运动早已深深融入了美国人的生活之中。因此，棒球手套自然也就与美好的回忆紧密相连了。然而，这副棒球手套的意义远不止于其作为一件具有情感价值的物品那么简单。这也是一个经过长期改进而臻于完善的产品的一个例子。weavesth.intosth.把...编入(复杂的故事或式样),把某物编织到...去thefabric(ofsth)结构fabric织物；布料fond(回忆)美好的;深情的；温情的；慈爱的d.However,thebaseballgloveismorethananitemofemotionalvalue.

Originally,baseballwasplayedwithoutglovesbecausetheballswerehome-madeandsoft.Madefromstringcoveredwithleatherorcottonsacksstuffedwithrags,theballswereeasieronthehand.Thelate19thcenturysawbaseballsmadebymachineandstandardizedacrosstheUnitedStatestobetighterandharder,andtheywerecapableofhurtingacatcher’shands.(2)__________________________________________________最初，棒球比赛不戴手套，因为球是手工制作的，质地较软。这些球由缠绕皮革或棉布包裹的绳子制成，或用破布填充的布袋制成，对手掌的冲击力较小。到了19世纪末，棒球开始由机器制造，并在美国范围内标准化，变得更紧更硬，足以伤到捕手的手。这导致手套被设计成能缓冲接球的柔软结构。

sack/sæk/大麻袋;大厚纸袋stuff

v.填满,装满,塞满,灌满easy舒适的stand·ard·ize使标准化,使符合标准(或规格)g.Thisledtoglovesbeingdesignedtosoftenthecatch.

Baseballgloveswereinitiallyjustleatherworkglovesadaptedtosuittheplayer’sneeds.(3)____________________________________________________________________________________________However,thesimplepaddedworkglovescouldnotpreventknucklesfrombursting,fingersfromsplittingandbonesfrombreaking.Thesolution?Morepaddingwasaddedtotheglove.

然而，简单的加厚工作手套却无法防止指关节破裂、手指撕裂以及骨头折断的情况发生。adapt适应,调整,使适合,改编,改造,改装knuckle

/ˈnʌkl/指节；指关节burst

(使)爆裂，胀开split（使）撕裂pad·ding/ˈpædɪŋ/衬料；衬垫

b.Forexample,catchers’mittswereworkgloveswithoutfingerstoallowtheplayertobetterhandletheball.(4)______________________________________________________________________________________Thisdesignchangedlittleuntilthelate1930s,whenanextraflapwebthatlookedlikeafishingnetwasaddedbetweenthethumbandthefingers.Thismadeitpossibleforfirstbasementocatchthrownballsmoreeasily,revolutionizingthefunctionofthemitt.早期的一垒手套设计从填充式外野手套演变为开放式手套设计。这种设计在20世纪30年代末之前几乎没有变化。直到那时，拇指和手指之间多了一层类似渔网的附加网状部分。这使得一垒手能够更轻松地接住投过来