2026届新高考英语热点冲刺复习阅读理解议论文

2026届新高考英语热点冲刺复习

阅读理解议论文题型拆解+方法落地+分层训练1.精准定位中心论点与分论点，既能识别明确论点，也能提炼隐含论点，还可据此归纳主旨或拟定标题。2.能区分事实论据和道理论据，清晰分析各类论据对论点的支撑作用，以及论据与论点的关联。3.可梳理论证结构，如总分、递进等，识别举例、对比等论证方法，并分析其在文中的作用。4.能捕捉论据细节、观点表述等关键信息，结合语境猜测抽象词汇、陌生词汇含义。5.依据文本逻辑与措辞，准确判断作者的观点、态度和写作意图，杜绝主观臆断。考纲要求一、议论文题型事实细节题推理判断题主旨大意题猜测词义题

英语阅读是基础也是重中之重，主要是阅读中知识信息获取能力和思维认知能力，高考中常见4种题型：细节(QuestionsforDetailedInformation)主旨(QuestionsforMainIdea)推断

(QuestionsforInference)猜词

(QuestionsforMeaningGuess)二、细节事实题Leaninggoals(Recoginise)快速识别细节事实题型；(Master)掌握细节事实题型突破技巧；(Guess)推测材料和选项中的生词；(Analyse)分析选项设置出现的陷阱。学生静下心来，“快、准、狠”突破细节题型,必须掌握：RMGAPart1:挖掘问题，判断题型，确定方向例1：朗读,勾画问题3要素，区别相互间的不同WhatdidJohplantodoatthetrialaccordingtoParagraph3?Atthetrial,JohnPlanned__________Whatcanweinferaboutthetrial(inParagraph3)?WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTcorrect?Whatisthemainidea/thepurpose/thetitleofthetext?Howmuchshouldbepaidwhenvisitingthepark?提问和划线等效特殊动词推断题无具体定位对象特殊名词数字计算事件疑问词：晓任务动词名词：定题型，明思路对象具体细微，唯一性，定位依据范围思考着力点全文还是局部infer/learnabout/knowabout|mainidea/title/purpose二、细节事实题例2：朗读问题和选项，（独立）勾画其侧重点21.WhydidtheauthorsayhewasfooledintobuyingtheTVset?A.Hegotanoldermodelthanhehadexpected.B.Hecouldn’treturnitwhenitwasbroken.C.Hecouldhaveboughtitatalowerprice.D.Hefailedtofindanymovieshowsonit.Part1:挖掘问题，判断题型，确定方向Part2:细节事实突破技巧

直接信息题例3：Mindthecolors.Researchsuggestswarmcolorsfuelourappetites.Inonestudy,peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.Warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing,whilecoldcolorsmakeusfeellesshungry.Sowhenit’stimetorepaint,goblue.6．Ahomeenvironmentinbluecanhelppeople_____________.A．digestfoodbetter B．reducefoodintakeC．burnmorecalories D．regaintheirappetites6定位点（问题对象）分析比对（定位点前后句子）原词复现同义近义主谓宾一致做题要有个人特定符号突破思路：问题定位→原文查找→分析比对选项例4：Mindthecolors.Researchsuggestswarmcolorsfuelourappetites.Inonestudy,peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.Warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing,whilecoldcolorsmakeusfeellesshungry.Sowhenit’stimetorepaint,goblue.6．Ahomeenvironmentinbluecanhelppeople_____________.A．digestfoodbetter B．reducefoodintakeC．burnmorecalories(卡路里)D．regaintheirappetitesPart2:细节事实突破技巧

直接信息题饥饿，想吃东西前后文：主要内容和脉络，根据前后逻辑关系和重点信息推断。例4：Mindthecolors.Researchsuggestswarmcolorsfuelourappetites.Inonestudy,peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.Warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing,whilecoldcolorsmakeusfeellesshungry.Sowhenit’stimetorepaint,goblue.6．Ahomeenvironmentinbluecanhelppeople_____________.A．digestfoodbetter B．reducefoodintakeC．burnmorecalories(卡路里)D．regaintheirappetitesPart2:细节事实突破技巧

直接信息题构词法：carelessness(词缀)/classroom(合成词)handmeabook（派生）选项生词：侧重点或主谓宾是否与原句主谓宾一致例4：Mindthecolors.Researchsuggestswarmcolorsfuelourappetites.Inonestudy,peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.Warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing,whilecoldcolorsmakeusfeellesshungry.Sowhenit’stimetorepaint,goblue.6．Ahomeenvironmentinbluecanhelppeople_____________.A．digestfoodbetter B．reducefoodintakeC．burnmorecalories(卡路里)D．regaintheirappetitesPart2:细节事实突破技巧

直接信息题Peopleeat33percentless.材料生词：1.前后句：主要内容和脉络，根据前后逻辑关系和重点信息推断。

2.构词法：carelessness(词缀)

classroom(合成词)

handmeabook（派生）选项生词：侧重点/主谓宾是否与原句主谓宾一致Part2:细节事实突破技巧

直接信息题抗忽悠，抗生词干扰例5：Fromtheverybeginningofschoolwemakebooksandreadingaconstantsourceofpossiblefailureandpublichumiliation.Whenchildrenarelittlewemakethemreadaloud，beforetheteacherandotherchildren，sothatwecanbesurethey“know”allthewordstheyarereading.Thismeansthatwhentheydon’tknowaword，theyaregoingtomakeamistake，rightinfrontofeveryone.Afterhavingtaughtfifth-gradeclassesforfouryears，Idecidedtotryatallcoststoridthemoftheirfearanddislikeofbooks，andtogetthemtoreadoftenerandmoreadventurously.41．Accordingtothepassage，children’sfearanddislikeofbooksmayresultfrom_______.A．readinglittleandthinkinglittleB．readingoftenandadventurouslyC．beingmadetoreadtoomuch

D．beingmadetoreadaloudbeforeothersPart2:细节事实突破技巧

直接信息题41指代词：this前因后果突破思路：问题定位原文查找分析比对选项例6：WhenIwassix,Dadbroughthomeadogoneday,whowascalled“Brownie”,MybrothersandIalllovedBrownieanddiddifferentthingswithher.Oneofuswouldwalkher,anotherwouldfeedher,thentherewerebaths,playingcatchandmanyothergames.Brownie,inreturn,lovedeachandeveryoneofus.Onethingthatmosttouchedmyheartwasthatshewouldgotowhoeverwassickandsitwiththem.Wealwaysfeltbetterwhenshewasaround.41.WhatwouldBrowniedowhensomeonewasillinthefamily?A.Lookatthemsadly. B.Keepthemcompany.C.Playgameswiththem. D.Touchthemgently.Part2:细节事实突破技巧

直接信息题41前因后果突破思路：问题定位原文查找分析比对选项例7：BarGraphsAbargraphhastwoaxesandusesbarstoshowamounts.InGraph1，weseethatthex-axisshowsgradesthatstudentsearned，andthey-axisshowshowmanystudentsearnedeachgrade.Youcanseethat6studentsearnedanAbecausethebarforAstretchesupto6ontheverticalmeasurement.Thereisalotofinformationwecangetfromasimplegraphlikethis(SeeGraph1)．47．WhatisthetotalnumberofstudentswhoearnedaCorbetter?A．4. B．6. C．10. D．20Part2:细节事实突破技巧

间接信息题：图文转换图文：充分挖掘问题信息Part2:细节事实突破技巧

间接信息题：数字计算题例8：TuitionFees(学费)Tuitionfeesaredifferentfromdepartmenttodepartment,generallyfrom$5,000to$6,000ayear.Forfurtherinformation:tui@waikato.ac.Accommodation(住宿)Youcanhavearoomina4-bedroomflat,whichwillcostabout$100amonthwithotherregularlivingcostsofabout$150amonthforoneperson.Forfurtherinformation:acc@Q:Youhavetopayatleast______ayearifyoustudyattheUniversityofWaikato.A.$5,250B.$8,000C.$9,000D.$11,000计算：充分挖掘问题信息Part2:细节事实突破技巧

间接信息题：细节排序例题9：40.What’stherightorderoftheevents?①IzzykickedColm ②Debbiecalled999③IzzylearnedCPR ④Colm’sheartstopped.A.③①②④B.④②③①C.③④②①D.④③①②排序：充分挖掘问题信息（事件）Izzy’smother,Debbie,immediatelycalled999butIzzyknewdoctorswouldneverarriveintimetosaveherfather,sodecidedtouseCPR.“Ijustkickedhimreallyhard,MymumtaughtmeCPRbutIknewIwasn’tstrongenoughtousehands.IzzydidCPRthenthedoctorturnedup,Colmhadtohavemoretreatmentonthewaytothehospitalandwe’vegottoseeanexpert.”例10.

Foodsometimesgetspoisonedwithharmfulthings.Apersonwhoeatssuchfoodcangetanillnesscalledfoodpoisoning.Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly.Thesymptomsoffoodpoisoningusuallybeginwithinhoursofeatingthepoisonedfood.Feverisoneofthemostcommonsymptoms. Certainmicroorganisms（微生物）causemosttypesoffoodpoisoning.Bacteriaandothermicroorganismscanpoisoneggs,meat,vegetables,andmanyotherfoods.Afterenteringthebody,thesetinylivingthingsrelease（释放）poisonsthatmakepeoplesick. Somechemicalscanalsocausefoodpoisoning.Theyareoftenaddedtofoodwhileitisbeinggrown,processed,orprepared.Forexample,manyfarmersspraychemicalsoncropstokillweedsandinsects.Somepeoplemayhaveabadreactiontothosechemicalswhentheyeatthecrops.Part2:细节事实突破技巧

逆向排除题ADBACA.Foodwhenpoisonedcanmakepeoplesick.B.Foodpoisoningmeansdeath.C.Foodpoisoningcomesinvarieties. D.Foodpoisoningcanbeserious.D无法具体定位；问题出处较集中；选项侧重点进行定位；逐一比对排除。例1.

分析下列答案出错原因 Thenextmorning,it’s9:00.Lucyrushedoutoftheroomandhurriedtoschool.ShefoundTom’sEnglishbooklyinginthemiddleoftheroad.A.Lucyhurriedtoherhome.B.Tomrushedtoschool.C.Theschoollayinthemiddleoftheroad.D.LucyfoundTomonthewaytoschool.E.Lucygotuplatethatmorning.F.Tomwassocareless.G.Weshouldtakegoodcareofourbelongings.Part3:选项干扰设置特点偷换主语或宾语杂揉不同句子某些信息对事实进行主观推断无中生有Tomlosthisbook./Tom’sbookwaslost.(同义近义，主谓宾一致）

修饰部分当中心词文章生词：前后文/构词法选项生词：侧重点比对直接信息题型策略小结设问答案材料判断题型确定方向查找定位分析加工抓住则重力排干扰特殊：指代、前因后果、过渡词、对比、举例、引言等原词复现同义近义主谓宾一致1.偷换主语或宾语2.杂揉不同句子某些信息3.修饰部分当中心词4.对事实进行主观臆测5.无中生有无从下手，漫无目的二选一还是选错原文关键句子@@什么鬼##1.直接信息2.间接信息图文计算排序3.逆向排除每套题都有一或两道道题要求考生归纳文章主旨1-2题段落/文章大意题干中含有mainidea;mainlyabout如：Whatisthefirst/secondparagraphmainlyabout?Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

Whatisthetextmainlyabout?文章标题题干中含有title如：Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?写作意图题干中含有purpose如：Thepurposeofthisarticleisto…Theauthorintendsto...What’sthepurposeofthepassage?三、主旨大意题段落大意Step1定位段落主题句总分式总分总式分总式分总分式段落首句为主题句，段落其他各句是举例或论证段尾是主题句，段落开头是举例子或者层层推进主题句在中间引出话题→论述主题→解释a.段落有主题句三、主旨大意题2019浙江卷B篇Para.2Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected,fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent;inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.Q.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?Theseriousnessofbig-treelossinCalifornia.B.TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.C.ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.D.TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.

三、主旨大意题文章大意Step1定位文章主题句01根据不同的文体定位主题句文章首段说明文议论文科技文献新闻报道文章尾段夹叙夹议类文章文章中间提出问题

主题解释、支撑或发展三、主旨大意题文章大意Step1定位文章主题句02行文标志词定位主题句a.表总结性，结论性的词之后

in

brief,inshort,

all

in

all,tosumup,in

conclusion,

inaword,so,therefore...

b.表转折关系的词之后

but,

yet,

however,

nevertheless,in

fact,actually,

indeed,...c.表研究成果的词之后findshow,indicate,suggest,accordingto,sb(权威人士)says...d.举例子的词之前forexample,forinstance,take...asanexample,...tellastoryteachalessonshareanexperienceentertainreaders…arguepersuadeshowthewriter’sopiniononadvertisepromoteproductsattractreadersinformreadersofsth.introducesthprovidesomeinformationreportaneventpresentthefindingsofastudyNarrative记叙文Argument议论文Advertisement广告Exposition说明文NewsreportSummary段落主旨段落有主题句b.段落无主题句文章主旨a.文章有主题句b.文章无主题句最佳标题写作意图不同的文体，文章表达的写作目的不一样。基于文章主旨，正确理解作者写作意图正面肯定法反面否定法四、同义转述Example1:It’shardforustosticktotakingexerciseeveryday.paraphrase:

It’sdiffcultforustosticktoworkingouteveryday.

Example2:Ahealthybodyaffectsourlearningefficiencyseriously.paraphrase:Ahealthybodyhasagreateffectonourlearningefficiency.

Example3:Peoplethinkgettingenoughsleepisveryimportant.

paraphrase:Itisthoughtthatgettingenoughsleepisveryimportant.

Example4:Tomakeadetailedplanisveryimporatant.paraphrase:Itisveryimportantforustomakeadetailedplan.

Method1:使用同义词(短语)Method2:转变词性Method3:转变语态Method4:改变句式2023全国I卷

阅读理解AExploration1WhyMacBikeMacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalcompanyinAmsterdam.Withover2,500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake(刹车),bikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排挡),bikeswithchildseats,andchildren’sbikes.1.WhatisanadvantageofMacBike?A.Itgiveschildrenadiscount. B.Itoffersmanytypesofbikes.C.Itorganizesfreecycletours.D.Ithasover2,500rentalshops.答案选B.解析：推理判断题。我们提供种类繁多的最新自行车，包括有脚刹的基本自行车、有手刹和带排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车和儿童自行车)”可推知，MacBike的优势是它提供许多类型的自行车。故选B。Method1:使用同义词(短语)

词汇拓展：...awidevariety,including...=manytypesof...2023全国II卷

阅读理解BExploration2Turningsoil,pullingweeds,andharvestingcabbagesoundliketoughworkformiddleandhighschoolkids.Andatfirstitis,saysAbbyJaramillo,whowithanotherteacherstartedUrbanSprouts,aschoolgardenprogramatfourlow-incomeschools.Theprogramaimstohelpstudentsdevelopscienceskills,environmentalawareness,andhealthylifestyles.4.WhatdoweknowaboutAbbyJaramillo?A.Sheusedtobeahealthworker.B.Shegrewupinalow-incomefamily.C.Sheownsafastfoodrestaurant.D.SheisaninitiatorofUrbanSprouts.答案选D.细节理解题。根据第一段的“Andatfirstitis,saysAbbyJaramillo,whowithanotherteacherstartedUrbanSprouts,aschoolgardenprogramatfourlow-incomeschools.(起初是这样的，AbbyJaramillo说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“UrbanSprouts”学校花园项目。)”可知，AbbyJaramillo是UrbanSprouts的发起者。故选D。Method2:转变词性

词汇拓展：start=initiate开始，发起

initiator发起人，创始人；

initiation创始，开始

Method1:使用同义词(短语)Exploration3Thecalltosavetheearthlookssettostay.Withthedevelopmentoftechnologyandtheappearanceofmanyplatformsadvocatinggoinggreen，peoplearemorewillingtochangetheirbeliefsandattitudeswhentheycanlearnaboutandappreciatethepositiveimpactoftheworkofdifferentenvironmentalorganisationsandindividuals.Itishopedthattheseeffectswillgoalongwayinensuringthatourplanetwillremainasuitableplacetolivein.7.Whatdoestheauthorexpectoftechnologydevelopment？A.Itmaydiscouragepeoplefromsustainablelifestyle.B.Itmayboostthebusinessoforganicproduce.C.Itwillbeusedtoprojectaneco－consciousimage.D.Itwillpromoteenvironmentalawareness.解析：D推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Withthedevelopmentoftechnology...differentenvironmentalorganisationsandindividuals.可判断，作者对技术发展的期望是它会促进环保意识。Method3:转变语态

词汇拓展：expect...=hope

Theauthorexpects..=

Itishopedthat...人们希望（包括作者）Method1:使用同义词(短语)2023全国II卷

阅读理解BExploration4LastweekIhadaholidayfromwork，butnoneofmyfriendshadthesameweekoff.IdecidedthatIstillwantedtodosomething,soIbookedatrainridetoTorontoandreservedabedinahostelforoneweek.5.Whathappenedtotheauthorlastweek？A.ShelostherwayduringatriptoToronto.B.ShebookedagrouptourtoTorontowithherfriends.C.ShetravelledalonetoTorontoduringaworkvacation.D.Shefeltlonelyawayfromhomeandmissedherfamily.解析：C细节理解题。根据第二段中的LastweekIhadaholidayfromwork，butnoneofmyfriendshadthesameweekoff.和reservedabedinahostelforoneweek可知，作者上周在一个工作假期独自去了多伦多。Method4:改变句式

词汇拓展：

alone(adv.)

独自地，单独地PracticeMakesPerfectExercise1::“We’retryingtogenerate(生成)alanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit,”saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.15.WhatshouldbedonebeforewecaninteractwithnatureaccordingtoKahn?A.Languagestudy.B.Environmentalconservation.C.Publiceducation.D.Interculturalcommunication.解析：B

(2023年全国卷IID篇)

推理判断题。“我们正试图创造一种语言，帮助将人类与自然的互动带回我们的日常生活中。要做到这一点，我们还需要保护自然，这样我们才能与它互动，”该研究的资深作者PeterKahn说。)”可推断，PeterKahn认为在我们与大自然互动之前，应该先要保护自然。故选B。

词汇拓展：

protect(v.)

保护=conserve(v.)protection(n.)=conservation(n.)

Method1:使用同义词(短语)Method2:转变词性Exercise2::PracticeMakesPerfectTheelderlyresidents(居民)incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely.Theprojectwasdreamedup(created)byalocalcharity

toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople’swellbeing.Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staffincarehomeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.28.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes.B.Toprovidepart-timejobsfortheaged.C.Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch. D.Topromotetheelderlypeople’swelfare.解析：D

(2022年全国卷IC篇)细节理解题。

这个项目是由一个当地的慈善组织所创造，目的是减少老年人的孤独感和提升他们的幸福感。故选D。

词汇拓展：

welfare(n.)幸福=wellbeing(n.)=happiness(n.)

Method1:使用同义词(短语)Exercise3::PracticeMakesPerfectAfterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybeh