《智能传感器装调与测试（双语）》课件-11.超声波雷达装调及测试

超声波雷达装调与测试精要EssentialsofUltrasonicRadarInstallation,CommissioningandTesting品质检测Qualityinspection规装调installation,commissioning数据读取datareadingPART01品质检测三步法Three-stepQualityInspectionMethod外观检查：裂纹变形零容忍AppearanceInspection:ZeroToleranceforCrackDeformation外观检查AppearanceInspection外观检查标准Appearanceinspectionstandards检查探头壳体是否完好，无裂纹、变形。线束插头无氧化、松动。任何缺陷都会改变声波指向性，导致测距误差。Checkwhethertheprobehousingisintactandfreeofcracksanddeformation.Theharnessconnectorshallbefreeofoxidationandlooseness.Anydefectwillchangethedirectionalityofsoundwaves,resultinginrangingerrors.检测方法Inspectionmethod用指腹轻触探头边缘，发现隐性裂纹。检查线束插头金属端子光泽，判断是否氧化。Touchtheedgeoftheprobewithyourfingertipsandfindhiddencracks.Checktheglossofthemetalterminaloftheharnessplugtodeterminewhetheritisoxidized.外观检查的重要性Importanceofappearanceinspection外观检查是品质检测的第一步，确保探头和线束插头无缺陷，为后续电气测试奠定基础。Appearanceinspectionisthefirststepinqualityinspectiontoensurethattheprobeandharnessplugarefreeofdefects,layingthefoundationforsubsequentelectricaltesting.电气性能：供电搭铁波形全达标Electricalperformance:Thepowersupplygroundingwaveformmeetsthestandards.供电与搭铁检测Powersupplyandgroundingdetection用万用表检测12V供电脚的波动范围，确保搭铁脚对车身阻值小于0.5Ω，保证探头获得稳定能量。Useamultimetertodetectthefluctuationrangeofthe12Vpowersupplypin,ensurethattheresistanceofthegroundingpintothevehiclebodyislessthan0.5Ω,andensurethattheprobeobtainsstableenergy.电器检查ElectricalApplianceInspection信号脚波形检测Signalpinwaveformdetection用示波器检测信号脚的波形，标准为40kHzburst波形，幅值过低、频率漂移或杂波干扰均为异常。Useanoscilloscopetodetectthewaveformofthesignalpin.Thestandardisa40kHzburstwaveform.Lowamplitude,frequencydriftandclutterinterferenceareallabnormalities.功能模拟：距离偏差≤5cm硬门槛Functionalsimulation:distancedeviation≤5cmhardthreshold01功能模拟测试方法Functionalsimulationtestmethod使用雷达模拟器，发射固定延时伪回波，对应30cm、100cm、150cm三基准点，验证探头回波处理精度。Usearadarsimulatortotransmitfixed-delaypseudoechoescorrespondingtothreereferencepointsof30cm,100cmand150cmtoverifytheprecisionofprobeechoprocessing.02判定标准Judgmentcriteria显示值与标称值差值绝对值≤5cm即合格，反之为失效。连续三次测量取最大偏差作为最终结果。Iftheabsolutedifferencebetweenthedisplayedvalueandthenominalvalueis≤5cm,thetestresultsareacceptable;otherwise,thetestresultsareunacceptable.Themaximumdeviationistakenasthefinalresultforthreeconsecutivemeasurements.功能模拟FunctionalSimulationPART02装调位置与固定InstallationandCommissioningPositionandFixation位置校准：高度角度双控误差≤3°Positioncalibration:heightandangledualcontrolerror≤3°高度与角度要求Heightandanglerequirements探头离地高度为50-70cm，水平偏角和垂直偏角均≤3°，减少声波地面反射与邻道干扰。Theheightoftheprobefromthegroundshallbe50–70cm,andthehorizontalandverticaldeflectionanglesshallbe≤3°toreducetheinterferencebetweensoundwavegroundreflectionandadjacentchannels.测量方法Methodofmeasurement用数字量角器贴靠探头端面，与车辆纵轴线对比，确保角度符合要求。Useadigitalprotractoragainsttheendfaceoftheprobeandcompareitwiththelongitudinalaxisofthevehicletoensurethattheanglemeetstherequirements.位置校准PositionCalibration固定密封：扭矩胶层双重防护FixationandSealing:DoubleProtectionofTorqueRubberLayer机械固定

Mechanicalfixation使用专用卡扣或M6螺栓，扭矩值控制在5-8N·m，避免探头壳体微裂或松脱。UsespecialbucklesorM6bolts,andcontrolthetorquevalueat5–8N·mtoavoidmicro-cracksorlooseningoftheprobehousing.机械固定

Mechanicalfixation防水密封

Waterproofsealing沿保险杠内侧接缝连续涂布2mm厚室温硫化胶，避免形成积水腔，确保防水效果。Continuouslyapply2mmthickroomtemperaturevulcanizedrubberalongtheinnerseamofthebumpertoavoidtheformationofwateraccumulationcavityandensurewaterproofeffect.注意事项

Precautions扭矩扳手刻度读取要准确，胶体固化时间需24小时，冬季低温下需使用低温型胶。Thetorquewrenchscalereadingmustbeaccurate,thecolloidcuringtimeneeds24hours,andlow-temperatureglueshallbeusedatlowtemperaturesinwinter.线束布置：避振卡扣听咔哒HarnessLayout:ClicksofVibration-absorbingBuckle线束布置要点Keypointsofharnesslayout沿原车线槽平行绑扎，间隔15cm用阻燃扎带固定，避开高温运动区域，插头插入后需听到“咔哒”声。Bindinparallelalongtheoriginalvehiclecableduct,fixwithflame-retardantcabletiesataspacingof15cm,avoidhigh-temperaturemovementareas,andheara"click"soundaftertheplugisinserted.PART03数据读取与验证DataReadingandVerification诊断仪连接：车型路径一步不错DiagnosticScannerConnection:CorrectModelandPath01连接步骤Connectionsteps通过OBD接口连接诊断仪，按“选品牌→选年款→选ADAS→超声波”四级菜单路径进入系统。ConnectthediagnosticscannerthroughOBDinterface,andenterthesystemaccordingtothefour-levelmenupathof"Selectbrand→Selectyearmodel→SelectADAS→Ultrasonic".02注意事项Precautions诊断仪插针自检灯号需正常，任何选错步骤将导致数据流空白，进入系统后先读取故障码再读数据流。Theself-testlightsignalofthediagnosticinstrumentpinmustbenormal.Anywrongstepwillresultinablankdatastream.Afterenteringthesystem,readthefaultcodefirstandthenreadthedatastream.诊断接口连接DiagnosticInterfaceConnection关键数据：距离频率状态三合一KeyData:Distance,FrequencyandStatusIntegration探测距离

Detectionrange探测距离允许误差≤3cm，这是判断探头工作精度的重要指标。Thedetectiondistanceallowableerroris≤3cm,whichisanimportantindicatorforjudgingtheworkingprecisionoftheprobe.读取数据

Datareading工作频率

Operatingfrequency工作频率为40kHz，偏移±1kHz即视为失谐，影响探测精度。Theoperatingfrequencyis40kHz,andanoffsetof±1kHzisconsidereddetuned,whichaffectsthedetectionprecision.传感器状态

Sensorstatus传感器状态栏显示“正常”或故障码，如U0155、U0126，通过状态判断故障类型。Thesensorstatusbardisplays"Normal"orfaultcodes,suchasU0155andU0126.Thetypeoffaultcanbedeterminedbythestatus.动态测试：障碍物移动实时跟Dynamictest:real-timetrackingofobstaclemovement动态测试方法Dynamictestmethod在1m范围内以0.2m/s匀速推入泡沫块，观察诊断仪距离值是否每秒更新且步进≤5cm，验证数据刷新率与系统响应连续性。Pushthefoamblockinataconstantspeedof0.2m/swithin1m,observewhetherthedistancevalueofthediagnosticinstrumentisupdatedeverysecondandthestepis≤5cm,andverifythedatarefresh