雨课堂学堂在线学堂云Chemistry from Microscopic Perspective(东北师范大学)单元测试考核答案

第1题Chemicalmicrocosmisakindofchemicalcognition,whichofthefollowingfieldsisitdefinedin?()AMicroscopicthingsandmicroscopicphenomenaBMicroscopicthingsCMicroscopicphenomenaDAlloftheabovethreeitems第2题Whichofthefollowingresearchfieldsishighlyfocusedonreducingchemicalmacroscopicphenomenatoatomicandmolecularmechanisms?()AAnalyticalchemistryBChemicalthermodynamicsCStructuralchemistryDChemicalkinetics第3题Whichofthefollowingisthemainwayofthinkinginthechemicalmicrocosm?()AFact-basedinductionBDeductionbasedontheoryCBasedonthecreationofhypothesisDBasedontheestablishmentofmodel第4题Whichofthefollowingaspectsisthepurposeofthiscoursetoimproveourchemicalliteracy?()AAbstractthinkingabilityBModelprocessingideaCScientificcriticismandreflectivespiritDAlloftheabovethreeitems第5题Whichofthefollowingchemicalbondtheoriesindifferentperiodsbelongstotheessencemicrocosmiclevel?()AElectrochemicaldualismBKossel'sionicbondtheoryCLewis'scovalentbondtheoryDMolecularorbitaltheory第6题Chemicalmicrocosmreferstotherationalcognitionformedbystudyingthecomposition,structure,propertiesandchanginglawsofchemicalsubstancesatthelevelofsingleatomandmolecule.()第7题Chemicalmicrocosmreferstotherationalcognitionformedbystudyingthecomposition,structure,propertiesandchanginglawsofchemicalsubstancesatthelevelofalargenumberofatomsandmolecules.()第8题Theobjectofchemistryresearchisusuallyacollectionofalargenumberofatomsandmolecules,buttheknowledgeofasingleatomandmoleculeisanecessarystartingpointforchemistry.()第9题Theobjectofchemistryresearchisusuallyacollectionofalargenumberofatomsandmolecules,sotheknowledgeofasingleatomandmoleculeisnotnecessaryforchemistry.()第10题Thethinkingmodeofchemicalmicrocosmincludesdeductionbasedontheoryandinductionbasedonfact,buttheformeristhemainone.()第11题Thethinkingmodeofchemicalmicrocosmincludesdeductionbasedontheoryandinductionbasedonfact,butthelatteristhemainone.()第12题QuantummechanicshascompletelyreversedandchangedourusualthinkingmethodsandscientificattitudesbasedonclassicalNewtonianmechanics.()第13题Lewis'scovalentbondtheoryexplainstheintercommunicationbetweeninorganicandorganicsubstancesfromtheessenceofatomicstructure.()第14题Kossel'sionicbondtheoryexplainstheinterconnectivitybetweeninorganicandorganicsubstancesfromtheessenceofatomicstructure.()第15题Quantumchemistryregardschemicalinteractionastheinteractionbetweennuclearandelectronicsystemsconcentratedinfinitespace,soitoftenemphasizesmulti-centerbonds,delocalizationandnon-integerthinking.()第1题WhichofthefollowingcanshowthatPlanck'squantumtheorycreatedanewthinkingmodeofhumanmicro-cognition?()ATheenergyexchangebetweenharmonicoscillatorandelectromagneticwaveisquantized.BTheenergyoftheharmonicoscillatorisquantized.CTheenergyoflightisonlyrelatedtofrequencyandnottoamplitude.DAlloftheabovethreeitems.第2题Whichofthefollowingtheoriespointsoutthatlighthaswave-particleduality?()AEinstein'slightquantumtheoryBPlanck'squantumtheoryCHuygens'wavetheoryaboutthenatureoflightDNewton'sparticletheoryaboutthenatureoflight第3题Whichofthefollowingmodelsisthefirsttointroducetheideaofquantizationofelectronicenergylevelintoatomicstructure?()AThomson's"AtomicModel"BRutherford's"NuclearAtomicModel"CBohr's"AtomicStructureModel"D"ElectronicCloudModel"ofQuantumMechanics第4题WhatarethemainaspectsofBohr'satomicstructuremodel?()AQuantizationconditionsofangularmomentumBSteadystateconceptCFrequencyruleDAlloftheabovethreeitems第5题Whataspectsdoquantumeffectsgenerallyinclude?()AEnergyquantizationBParticleshaveonlyspatialprobabilitydistribution,butnodefiniteorbit.CZero-pointenergyeffectDAlloftheabovethreeitems第6题Physicalquantitiesdonotchangecontinuously,butincreaseordecreaseinacertainminimumunitbyleapsandbounds,whichiscalledquantization.()第7题Discontinuouschangesofphysicalquantitiesarecalledquantization.()第8题Planckonlyregardsquantizationasaskillinmathematicalprocessing,whileEinsteinunderstandsquantizationasabasicphenomenon,thatis,whenlightpropagatesinspace,theenergyisquantized.()第9题Einsteinonlyregardsquantizationasaskillinmathematicalprocessing,whilePlanckunderstandsquantizationasabasicphenomenon,thatis,whenlightpropagatesinspace,theenergyisquantized.()第10题Bohr's"atomicstructuremodel"wellexplainsthespectralexperimentalresultsofallatoms.()第11题Bohr's"atomicstructuremodel"wellexplainstheexperimentalresultsofhydrogenatomspectrum.()第12题Bohr's"atomicstructuremodel"breaksthe"atomicstabilityparadox"derivedfromRutherford's"nuclearatommodel"inclassicalmechanics.()第13题Bohr'scorrespondenceprinciplemeansthatwhenthequantumnumberislarge,energycanberegardedascontinuous,andquantummechanicsapproachesclassicalmechanics.()第14题Bohr's"atomicstructuremodel",whichisbasedonclassicalmechanicsandaddedwithquantizationconditions,isatypicalrepresentativeoftheoldquantumtheory.()第15题Theenergyleveldifferenceofparticlesinone-dimensionalpotentialboxisinverselyproportionaltothesquareofparticlemassandmotionrange,whichindicatesthatquantizationisthecharacteristicofmicroscopicparticles.()Homework第1题Whichofthefollowingstageshasnotbeenexperiencedinthedevelopmentoftheideologicalconnotationof"waveproperty"ofmicroscopicparticles?()AElectromagneticwavedescribedbyMaxwellequationBPhasewaveproposedbydeBroglie'sscientificanalogyCMatterwavedescribedbySchrödingerequationDProbabilitywaveproposedbyBornstatisticalinterpretation第2题Intheprocessoftheestablishmentofquantummechanics,whichofthefollowingscientistshasnotmadedirectcontributions,butisregardedastheleaderofquantummechanics?()ADiracBBohrCHeisenbergDSchrödinger第3题Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedasanexcellentconditionforthesteady-statewavefunctionψ()?()ASinglevalueBContinuousClimitedconvergenceDAlloftheabovethreeitems第4题Whichofthefollowingcanrepresentthephysicalmeaningofthesquareofwavefunction?()ATheprobabilityofelectronsappearinginavolumeelementBTheprobabilityofelectronsappearinginacertainspatialregionCProbabilitydensityofelectronsappearingatacertainpointinspaceDTheprobabilityofelectronsappearinginthewholespace第5题Whichphysicistfirstproposedtheuncertaintyprinciple?()AHeisenbergBBohrCDiracDdeBroglie第6题Thewave-particledualityofmaterialparticlesisderivedfromthewave-particledualityoflight.()第7题Wave-particledualityofmaterialparticlesisputforwardbyscientificanalogyofwave-particledualityoflight.()第8题Flyingbulletsdon'tshowfluctuationbecausetheirdeBrogliewavelengthsaredozensofordersofmagnitudedifferentfromthesizeofbulletsthemselves,whichcanbecompletelyignored.()第9题Matterwaveshavethesamephysicalsignificanceasmechanicalwavesandelectromagneticwaves.()第10题Thesimilaritybetweenmaterialwaveandmechanicalwaveandelectromagneticwaveliesinthecoherentsuperpositionofwaves.()第11题Ifcisaconstant,theelectronicwavefunctionψ()andcψ()describethesamestate.()第12题Micro-measurementchangestheirreversiblechangeofthesystemstate,whichleadstothefailureoftheclassicalphysicscausalityinthemicro-field,butonlytheprobabilitycausalityexists.()第13题Thestateofthesystemevolvesaccordingtothetime-dependentSchrödingerequation,whichleadstothefailureoftheclassicalphysicscausalityinthemicro-field,butonlytheprobabilitycausalityexists.()第14题Steadystatereferstothestatethattheprobabilitydensityofparticlesappearingatacertainpointinspacedoesnotchangewithtime,anditswavefunctionalsocontainstimefactor,whichissimplyexpressedasψ()fortheconvenienceofdiscussingproblems.()第15题Theuseofoperatorstoexpressmechanicalquantitiesinquantummechanicsisoutoftherequirementof"ideologicalmeasurement",becausetheactualmicroscopicmeasurementwillproduceirreversiblechangestothesystemstate.()Homework第1题ComparedwithBohr'satomicstructuremodel,theprocessingofhydrogenatomicstructurebyquantummechanicsgivesmoreinformation.Whichofthefollowingisuniquetoquantummechanicalprocessing?()AQuantizationoforbitalenergyBQuantizationoforbitalangularmomentumCQuantizationofmagneticfielddirectioncomponentofangularmomentumDAlloftheabovethreeitems第2题"Singleelectron"inthedefinitionofatomicorbitalreferstowhichofthefollowing?()ATheorbitalisoccupiedbyoneelectronBThewavefunctionobtainedbysolvingSchrödingerequationbysingleelectronapproximationCOrbitalcanonlybeoccupiedbyoneelectronDAlloftheabovethreeitems第3题Whichofthefollowinggraphicrepresentationsisacompletediagram?()AElectronicclouddiagramBRadialfunctiondiagramR(r)-rCRadialdistributionfunctiondiagramD(r)-rDAngledistributiondiagramofwavefunctionY(θ,φ)第4题Whichofthefollowingrequirementsshouldbecompliedwithforthearrangementofelectronsoutsidethenucleus?()APrincipleoflowestenergyBPauliexclusionprincipleCHund'sruleDAlloftheabovethreeitems第5题Whichofthefollowingparameterscandirectlyjudgethebondingtrendbetweenatomsintermsofenergystability?()AIonizationenergyBElectronaffinityCelectronegativityDAlloftheabovethreeitems第6题Quantummechanicsdoesn'tcareaboutatomicstability.()第7题Pauli'sincompatibilityprinciplemakesmulti-electronatomsoccupyalargespaceandhavestability.()第8题ThetotalwavefunctionofFermions(suchaselectrons,protonsandneutrons)withsemi-integerspinsisantisymmetric.()第9题Onthesameatomicorbitwiththesamespatialcoordinates,onlytwoelectronswithoppositespinscanbearranged.()第10题Themodernperiodiclawofelementscanbeexpressedas:withtheincreaseofatomicnumber,theperiodicgradualchangelawformedbytheelectronconfigurationofelementatomsreflectsthenatureofelements.()第11题The“Aufbauprinciple”isthelawofelectronicconfigurationoutsideatomicnucleus.()第12题Theelectronconfigurationofatomsisanobjectivefact.The"Aufbauprinciple"onlyprovidestheoreticalconvenienceandsimplicityforinferringtheformationprocessofatomicelectronconfiguration.()第13题Electronsincrystalscanbedividedintotwotypes:boundelectronslocalizedaroundthenucleusandsharedelectronsdelocalizedinthewholecrystalspace.()第14题Hybridizationisnotarealphysicaleffect,butonlyaspecialmeanstodescribetheformationprocessofcovalentbondstheoretically.()第15题Symmetrymatchingruleisthekeyfactortodeterminewhetheratomicorbitalscanbecombinedintomolecularorbitals.()Homework第1题Whichofthefollowingfactorsleadstotheneglectofthetranslationalenergylevelofnucleiinthestudyofmolecularspectra?()ATranslationofatomicnucleusisnotimportant.BThetranslationalenergylevelofthenucleusiscontinuous.CTheleveldifferenceoftranslationalenergyisverysmallandcanberegardedascontinuous.DAlloftheabovethreeitems.第2题Whichofthefollowingspectraareassociatedwiththechangeofelectronenergylevelsinmolecules?()AInfraredspectrumBUltraviolet-visiblespectrumCMolecularrotationspectrumDNuclearmagneticresonancespectrum第3题WhichofthefollowingtransitiontypeshasthemostpracticalsignificanceinUVanalysis?()AThed-dtransitioninmetalcomplexesBTheπ®π*transitionofcarbon-carbonunsaturatedbondmoleculesCThen®π*transitioninunsaturatedhydrocarbonmoleculescontainingheteroatomsDAlloftheabovethreeitems第4题Whichofthefollowingphotoelectronspectracanprovideeffectiveinformationfordiscussingthestrongandweakcharacteristicsofmolecularorbitals?()AUltravioletPhotoelectronSpectrumBX-rayPhotoelectronSpectrumCAugerElectronSpectrumDAlloftheabovethreeitems第5题Whichofthefollowingspectraisdirectlyrelatedtotheorbitalenergyofasinglemolecule?()APhotoelectronenergyspectrumBInfraredspectrumCUltraviolet-visiblespectrumDNuclearmagneticresonancespectrum第6题Born-Oppenheimerapproximationistheapproximationoffixednuclei.()第7题Whendiscussingthemovementofelectronsinmolecules,Born-Oppenheimertreatsthemovementofelectronsandthemovementofnucleiseparately,andapproximatelythinksthatelectronsareinthepotentialfieldoffixednuclei.()第8题Onlywhentherotationalenergyleveltransitions,thecorrespondingspectrumisc