《移动通信基站技术》课件-2 英文版-TD-LTE原理及关键技术

大唐Mobile通信设备有限公司客服中心培训中心Datang

MobileCommunication

EquipmentCo.,Ltd.

CustomerServiceCenterTraining

Centerwww.datangmobi大唐移动

DTmobileTD-LTE

Principlesand

KeyTechnologiesDTM.PX3.016.001-v6.0.0·

Understandthe

networkarchitectureofLTE·Understand

the

three

key

technologies

of

LTE·Master

the

frame

structure

of

physical

layer·Understandthe

direction

ofTD-LTE

networksBibliography·"TD-LTE

technology

principles

and

system

design",People's

Posts

and

Telecommunications

Press·"3GPP

longterm

evolutiontechnology

principles

andsystem

design",People's

Posts

and

Telecommunications

Press·LTE,The

UMTS

Long

Term

Evolution

-From

Theory

to

Practice2CourseObjectives大唐移动DTmobileTD-LTEPrinciples

and

KeyTechnologiesCONTENTS1.TD-LTE

Overview2.TD-LTE

Key

Technologies3.Frame

Structure

and

PhysicalChannel

Mapping大唐移动DTmobile·Peak

rate0.47/0.47Mbps3GPP

camp(GSM)CDMA20001x·Peakrate:5.76/14.4MbpsTD-SCDMATD-HSPA·Peak

rate:0.55/1.68MbpsEV-DO

Rel.0DORel.A2G3G3.9G4GTDMACDMAOFDMGPRS/EDGE

WCDMA

HSPALTE

FDDPeak

rate50M/150MbpsLTETDDPeakrate10M/110MbpsMobile

WiMAX802.16ePeak

rate75MbpsLTE-AdvPeak

rate500M~1GbpsMobile

WiMAX802.16mPeak

rate500M~1Gbps3GPP2camp(CDMA)

·PeakStandardevolutionrouterate:1.8/3.1MbpsWiMAX

camp1TD-LTEOverview大唐移动LTE

is

the

next

generation

of

wireless

communication

standards

specified

by3GPP.TD-LTE

istheTDDmode

of

LTE.>LTE

is

based

on

OFDMA

technology,in

order

to

reduce

the

user

plane

delay,

canceled

the

radio

network

controller(RNC),using

a

flat

networkarchitecture.Not

so

much

the

3G

technology

"evolution”,as

it

is

"revolution".大唐移动DTmobile■What

is

LTE?LongTerm

Evolution1

TD-LTE

Overview5■FDD

frame

structure●Awirelessframewith

a

lengthof

10ms

consists

of

10subframes

of

length

1ms;;●Each

subframe

consists

oftwo

slots

with

a

length

of

0.5

ms;1

radio

frame,Tf=307200*Ts=10ms1

time

slot,Tslot=15360*Ts=0.5ms······#0#1#2#3#18#191

subframe1

TD-LTEFrame

Structure大唐移动DTmobile61TD-LTE

FrameStructure■

TDD

frame

structure

One

10

ms

radio

frame

is

composed

of

two

5

ms

fields·Eachfieldconsistsoffive

1mssubframesConventional

subframe:consists

of

2

0.5ms

time

slotsSpecial

subframe:consists

of

DwPTS,GP

and

UpPTSSupports

5ms

and10ms

uplink

transition

pointGP

cyclesDwPTSUpPTSsub

mefra#0subframe#2subframe#3subframe#4subframe#5subframe#7subframe#8subframe#91

wireless

frame,<Tf=307200*Ts=10ms1field,153600*Ts=5ms#0

#130720*Ts=1ms

1个subframe,30720Ts1time

slot,Tslot=15360*Ts=0.5msDwPTS

UpPTS

GP大唐移动DTmobile7Costand

businessneedsSystemcapacity

Radio

resourcemanagementSystemdeploymentSystem

performance

framework

and

evolutionLTErequirements■LTE

Requirements1

TD-LTE

OverviewRadioaccess

networkComplexity大唐移动8DelayThedelayofthecontrol

planefrom

the

residentstatetotheactive

state

is

less

than

100ms;Thedelayofthecontrol

planefrom

the

sleep

state

totheactive

state

is

less

than

50ms;The

userplanezero

load

hasa

small

IP

packet9

delay

of

less

than

5ms.Peak

rate20MHzSystem

bandwidth:Downlink

instantaneous

peak

rate100Mbps(Spectrumefficiency5bps/Hz);Uplinkinstantaneouspeakrate50Mbps(Spectrum

efficiency

2.5bps/Hz)CoverageThroughput,spectrum

efficiency

and

mobility

indicators

:Inthe

radiusof5km

belowthe

district

should

be

fully

met;Inthe

radius

of30km

in

the

districtperformance

may

haveaslightdecline;Do

notexcludecellswith

a

radius

of

100km.SpectrumflexibilitySupport

different

size

band

size,from

1.4～20MHz;Supportthedeploymentofpairedand

unpairedspectrum;Support

multi-band

carrieraggregation.System

Design

Key

Requirements1TD-LTEOverview1TD-LTEOverview■TD-LTE

CoreTechnologyMME/SAE

GatewayMME/SAEGatewayFrequencydivisionmultipleaccesssystem10ICIC频

率频

率Flat

networkeNBx2SectorSector频

率觑

率功频

率频

率E-UTRAN

eNBMIMOtechnologySectorSectorSector6SectorSector大唐移动DTmobileeNBX2功

牢功

率一

LCancel

the

RNC(central

control

node),

leavingonlyonelayerof

RAN

nodes——

eNodeBENodeBandcore

network

using

IP-basedflexible

multi-connection——S1-flex

interfaceTheadjacenteNodeB

uses

a

meshconnection——X2

interface■Flat

network

architectureto

reduce

equipment

investment■Reduce

the

number

of

interfaces,IP

network

interface■Enhanced

end-to-end

QoS大唐移动●MME/SAE

Gateway

MME/SAE

Gateway●S1(》E-UTRANeNB

X2eNBE-UTRAN

FlatNetworkArchitecture1TD-LTEOverview●eNBst′X2X2S1■eNBInter

Cell

RRMRB

ControlConnection

Mobility

Cont.MMERadio

Admission

ControlNAS

SecurityeNBMeasurementConfiguration

&ProvisionDynamicResourceAllocation(Scheduler)EPS

Bearer

ControlRRCPDCPS-GWP-GWRLCMACS1PHYinternetE-UTRAN■

E-UTRANand

EPCfunctionaldivision1TD-LTEOverviewUE

IP

addressallocationPacket

FilteringIdle

State

MobilityHandling大唐移动Mobility

AnchoringEPC12TD-LTEF

band

EVDOUnicomDCSuplinkMobileUnicom

GSM

GSMdownlinkMobileMobileUnicom

E-GSM

GSM

GSMuplinkuplinkuplink930935954960

1710

173517551785180518301850MHz1850

1880

19001920193519401955

198020102025211021252130214521702200■CurrentspectrumallocationWRC07

and

TV

distributiTake

upE

bandSatellite1TD-LTEOverview806880

885890Unicom

FDDWCDMA

downlink

downlinkTUnicomDCSdownlinUnicomWRC07

distributiFixedbroadban

d

andothersWLANTelecom

CDMA

uplinkTelecom

CDMA

uplinkTD-LTED

band450470

698

790Teleco

VDOMobileDCSdownlinkMobileDCS

uplink大唐移动Mobile

E-GSMWCDMA

uplinkFDD

uplinkdownlinkuplinkFDDMobile131.Why

develop

LTE?2.What

are

the

requirements/needs

for

LTE?To

meet

these

needs,what

are

the

coretechnologiesthat

require

LTEto

be

introduced?3.What

is

the

LTE

network

architecture?13

le动obi移DT大ThinkingquestionsTD-LTEPrinciples

and

KeyTechnologiesCONTENTS1.TD-LTE

Overview2.TD-LTE

Key

Technologies3.Frame

Structure

and

PhysicalChannel

Mapping大唐移动CONTENTS2.1Orthogonal

Frequency

DivisionMultipleAccess2.2

Multi-antennaTechnology2.3InterferenceSuppressionTechnology3.FrameStructure

andPhysicalChannelMapping1.TD-LTEOverview2.TD-LTE

KeyTechnologies大唐移动TD-LTEfrequencydivisionmultipleaccess

technology●

downlink

OFDMA:Users

in

a

certain

periodof

time

exclusive

of

a"clean"bandwidth●

uplink

SC-FDMA:An

improved

OFDMsystemwithsinglecarriercharacteristics

(lowpeak-to-average

ratio)大唐移动FDMA

TDMA

CDMA

OFDMA

2.1Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

MultipleAccessuplink:SC-FDMAdownlink:

OFDMA17

2.1OrthogonalFrequency

Division

MultipleAccess■Whatis

OFDM?OrthogonalFrequency

Division

Multiplexing●

The

essence

of

OFDM

is

a

frequency

division

system,and

frequency

division

is

themostsimplewaytoachievewireless

communication.●

The

subcarriers

ofthe

OFDM

modulation

can

be

overlappedwith

each

other

ascompared

with

the

conventional

multi-carrier

modulation(MCM),and

the

orthogonalitybetweenthesubcarrierscan

be

maintained.Traditional

FDMspectrumOFDM

spectrum18

Tobl移

2.1Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

MultipleAccess■

OFDMA

basic

principlesThe

channels

are

dividedinto

orthogonal

subchannels,the

serialhigh

speed

data

signals

are

converted

into

parallel

low

speed

sub-data

streams,modulated

to

be

transmitted

on

each

subchannel,and

the

quadrature

signalscan

be

separated

by

the

relevant

techniques

at

the

receiving

end.Sincethe

bandwidth

of

each

subchannel

is

very

small,the

fading

on

each

subchannel

can

be

regarded

as

a

flatfading,whichcaneffectivelyeliminateintersymbol

interference;andsincethe

bandwidth

of

each

subchannel

is

only

a

fraction

of

the

original

channel

bandwidth,the

channel

Equilibrium

also

becomesrelatively

easy.5MHz

BandwidthFFTSub-carriersGuard

IntervalsSymbolsFrequency大唐移动DTmobile19TimeMsymbolsS/PFromcoding&modulation

2.1Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

MultipleAccessOFDM

implementation(transmit)OFDM

implementation

(receive)CPfrom

RF

rx

removalP/S二

}oTodemodulation

&decodingSize-N

FFTSize-N

IFFTCPinsertionMsymbolsMsubcarriersto

RF

tx大唐移动20OFDM

subcarrier

time

domainOFDM

subcarrier

frequency

domain212.1Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

MultipleAccess大唐移动

DTmoble2.1Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

MultipleAccess■

OFDM

CP(Cyclic

Prefix)CP

can

overcome

the

time

delay

interference,eliminating

the

maximum

of

inter-symbolinterference(ISI).ThelongertheCP,thelongerthe

multipath

delaythat

can

resist,but

thegreatertheoverhead.频率ConfigurationCP

lengthNcRfNormalCP△f=15kHz5.2μs

for

l=04.7

μs

for/=1,2,…,6Extended

CP△f=15kHz16.7

μsfor

/=0,1,…5△f=7.5kHz33.3μs

for

l=0,1,2CPCP

CP

CP

CP

CPCP

CP

CP循环前缀22TcD

符号

周

期

T

(

s

)

FF

T

积

分

周

期

T

(

b

)符号周期T(s)大唐移动DTmobile时间CP

makes

the

waveforms

generated

by

multipathswithin

a

symbol

period

a

complete

sinewave.

Therefore,thetime-domain

signals

corresponding

to

different

subcarriers

and

their

multipath

ntegral

are

always

O

to

eliminate

inter-carrier

interference

(ICI)time2.1Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

MultipleAccess■

OFDM

CPAmplitudeAmplitudeAmplitude保护间隔timetime23integrationperiodSymbol

n

n+1n-5

n.6Acts

as

ISIBothactas

interference均衡器频率响应幅(b)多载波系统只需要纠正简羊

频率

的平坦信道失真AdvantagesofOFDMA●

Resistancetomultipathfading

inthetimedomain●

In

the

frequency

domain

selective

frequency

fading,simplifying

the

receiver

channelequalization

operation2.1Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

MultipleAccessAddsconstructivelyor

destructively.according

to

phase每个子载波的均衡器频率响应(a)单载波系统需要纠正架杂

的频率选择性信道失真频率Delayedn-124唐移动

TmobileOFDMCDMAAnti-multipathinterferencecapabilityItcanuse

or

don'tuse

a

simple

time

domain

equalizerTherequirementsfor

equalizerare

higherCombinedwithMIMOEachsubcarriercanbe

regarded

as

a

flat

fadingchannel,Antennaincreaseshave

limited

impact

on

system

complexityAreceiverthat

can

mix

MIMOreceptionandchannel

equalization

isselectedtogreatly

increase

receiver

complexityBandwidthscalabilityBetterbandwidthscalability,LTEsupports

a

variety

of

carrierbandwidthWorsebandwidthscalabilityFrequencydomainschedulingFrequencydomain

scheduling

is

flexibleFrequencydomainscheduling

smallparticle

size(180KHz)Extensivefrequency

domain

schedulingCarrierscheduling

can

only

be

performed2.1Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

MultipleAccess■

Comparison

of

OFDM

and

CDMA

Technology25Time-frequencysynchronizationrequirementsare

highInterferencewiththe

samefrequency

2.1Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

MultipleAccess■

OFDM

technology

shortcomings26

le动obi移DT大High

PAPR2.1Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

MultipleAccess■

PAPR

(Peak-to-Average

Power

Ratio)●

OFDMA

results

in

high

PAPR

if

the

use

of

OFDMA

if

the

uplink

will

affect

thecost

of

the

UE

and

the

battery

lifeSubcarrier1Subcarrier2N-pointIFFTHigh

PAPR

problemdiagram27Subearrier

NWWOFDMsignalx[n]n-0~N-1大唐移动DTmobleSerialtoParallelUpConversionSingle

Carrier

Frequency

Division

Multiple

Access●

SC-FDMA

is

similar

to

OFDMA,but

SC-FDMA

can

reducePAPR.Effectively

improve

the

efficiency

of

RF

power

amplifier,reduceterminal

costs

and

power

consumption.Transmitter2.1Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

MultipleAccess■

What

is

SC-FDMA?M0N28x(t)CP

D/A

conversion大唐移动ao,a₁…"M-1Size-M

DFTSize-NIDFTFrequencyUserADistributed:RBs

assigned

to

user

arenotcontiguousUser

BUser

CInthisscheduling

cycle,UserAis

distributed,Time2.1Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

MultipleAccess■

Downlink

multiple

access

mode—OFDMAlocalized:continuous

RBtoone

user√Advantages:smallschedulingoverhead√Advantages:Frequencyelectionscheduling

gainUser

Bis

centralized.大唐移动29

2.1

Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

Multiple

Access■

Uplink

multiple

access

mode—SC-FDMASimilarto

OFDMA,thetransmission

bandwidth

isdivided

intoaseries

of

orthogonalsubcarrier

resources,and

different

subcarrier

resources

are

allocatedto

different

User

implementations.

Notethatthesubcarriers

used

byanyterminal

must

be

continuous.Frequency个30In

any

scheduling

cycle,

a

usersub-carrier

must

be

continuous大唐移动

DTmobile

Thinkingquestions

1.What

is

the

principle

of

OFDMA?2.The

function

of

CP?3.What

are

the

advantages

and

disadvantages

of

OFDMA?30

le动obi移DT大Channel

Bandwidth

[MHz]Transmission

Bandwidth

Configuration

[RB]TransmissionBandwidth[RB]Active

Resource

Blocks

DC

carrier(downlink

only)System

bandwidth(MHz)1.435101520Number

ofsubcarriers(pcs)721803006009001200

2.1Thinkingquestions

Supportsmultiplebandwidth

settings:●

1.4MHz●

3.0MHz●

5MHz●10MHz●

15MHz●

20MHz32

大唐移动Channel

edgeChanneledgeResourceblockCONTENTS2.1Orthogonal

Frequency

Division

MultipleAccess2.2

Multi-antennaTechnology2.3InterferenceSuppressionTechnology3.FrameStructure

andPhysicalChannelMapping1.TD-LTEOverview2.TD-LTE

KeyTechnologies大唐移动

2.2Multi-antennaTechnology

■

What

is

MIMO?Multiple

Input

Multiple

Output●

A

plurality

of

data

streams

are

transmitted

on

a

plurality

of

antennas,respectively;●The

use

of

multipath

fading,without

increasing

the

bandwidth

and

antennatransmission

power

of

the

case,improve

the

channel

capacity

and

spectrum

utilization,or

improve

the

transmission

quality

of

data.MIMOStreams

Channel34大

唐移

动

DTmobile●

MIMO

multiple

modes

bring

avariety

of

gains.Diversity

gain

Diversity

gain

Soatat

muftipiexing

gain·e.g,STBC,SFBC,CDD

eg.SU-MIMO,MUMIMO

Spatial

multiplexing

gain●

Improve

spectrum

efficiencyItrequiresthespectrumefficiency

ofBeamforming

gain·Forming

beansto

specific

dreclionTD-LTE

downlink

be

5bps/Hz(Rel-10·Increasing

SNR·e.g,array

antenna,precodingis

30bps/Hz)The

spectral

efficiency

of

uplink

isSFBC:space

frequency

block

code

·SNR:sonal

to

nuse

rato2.5bps/Hz(Rel-10

is

15bps/Hz).35

大唐移动2.2Multi-antennaTechnology

■

Advantages

of

MIMO·Increasing

systemreliability+Increasing

data

rateBeamforming

gain·Reducing

fadng

variation

·Multiplexing

inspatialdomain#otantennasSARData

flow1b0

b1

b2

b3Data

flowb0

b1

b2

b3TransmitdiversityPath2b0

b1

b2

b3Data

flow2

2.2Multi-antennaTechnology

■

MIMO

antenna

transceiver

diversity:Improvecommunicationquality36

T

ile动ob移m唐D大Recoverdataflow

b1

b2

b3Antenna2

b0Antenna1Path1■MIMO

antenna

Spatial

multiplexing:

improve

system

capacity√MU-MIMOThe

basestationwillsend

multiple

Dataflowsthatoccupythesame

time-frequencyresourcetodifferent

usersSU-MIMOMU-MIMO372.2Multi-antenna

Technology大唐移动DTmobile

2.2Multi-antennaTechnology

■

MIMOantennabeamforming:

Enhancedanti-jammingcapabilityWanted

UETraditional

beamforming·Small

spacing

of

the

antenna

array,using

moreantenna

units·Increase

the

peak

rate,cell

coverage,reduceinter-cell

interferenceFraction

of

a

wave

lengthSignal

to

)

transmitted(abe(b)

大唐移动38Beamforming(BF)□Reduceinterference□Raisethecoverage

radiusMIMO

□Increase

throughput□Increase

throughput□

Raisethe

coverage

radius□Reduce

inter-cell

interference39

le动obi移DT大■LTE

innovative

technology:dual-flow

beamformingDual-flowbeamforming2.2Multi-antenna

TechnologyTM1Singleantennatransmission

modeTheresultingCRS

overhead

is

small

Various

scenesTM2Send

diversityImprovethetransmission

quality

of

the

link,

andimprove

the

coverageradius

of

the

cellAsafallbackmode

for

other

MIMO

modesTM3Open-loop

space

reuseImprovetheaverage

spectral

efficiencyand

peakrate

of

the

cellHighSpeed

Mobile

sceneTM4Closed-loop

space

reuseImprovetheaverage

spectral

efficiencyand

peakrate

of

the

cellLow

speedMobile

sceneTM5Multi-userMIMOImprovetheaverage

spectral

efficiencyand

peakrate

of

the

cellDense

cityTM6Rank=1precodingImprovethe

coverage

of

the

cellOnlyrank=1

is

supported

for

transmissionTM7Single-flowbeamformingImprovelinktransmission

quality.Improve

the

coverage

of

the

cellSuburban,widecoverage

of

thescene2.2Multi-antennaTechnology■Application

of

MIMO

in

TD-LTE(PDSCH

transmission

scheme)Cell

center

throughput

needs

of

the唐移动scene

DTmobilecoverage,enhance

the

cell

throughputTypical

application

scenariosPDSCHtransmissionschemeImprove

cell

center

userTransmissionmodeDouble

flow

beamformingAdvantageTM840■

PDSCH

physical

layerprocessingInsert

CRS/

DRSlayersOFDM

MapperPrecodingOFDM

Mappercodeword=TB(1

、2)

layer=rank(1、2、3、4)<=Antennaport(1、2、4)●

“Codeword”throughthe"transportblock”to

achieve

transmission,LTE

is

currently

the

largesttransmission

oftwo

codewords

or

two

transmission

blocks;●

The

rank

is

the

same

as

the

rank,and

the

rank

is

1,2,3,4,which

represents

the

number

ofindependent

propagation

channels

betweentheterminal

andthe

base

station

at

any

onetime;41

●

The

public

pilot's

logical

antenna

port

has1,2,4

three

cases.2.2Multi-antennaTechnologyTransmission

modeis

different,usingdifferentprecoding

matrices.OFDMsignalgenerationOFDMsignalgenerationDemultiplexes

a

codeword

tomultiplelayersModulation

MapperModulationMapperLayer

Mapperantenna

portsScramblingScramblingcode

words

2.2Multi-antennaTechnology

■TM1:Singleantennaporttransmission●Simplest

transmission

scheme。●PDSCH

uses

a

single

antenna

porttotransmit,accordingto

Port0

on

the

CRS

demodulation.●Can

be

usedforvarious

scenes.Note:CRS,Cell-specific

Reference

Signal421=0

1=61=01=6RoRRoCell-specific

reference

signalOneantenna

port大唐移动

2.2TD-LTE

Downlink

Physical

Channel

and

Signal■

Downlink

physical

signalEffectCell

searchDownstream

channel

qualitymeasurement

Downstream

channel

estimation

for

coherent

detection

and

demodulation

at

the

UE

sideEffectGet

time

synchronization

determine

the

unique

physical

cell

IDClassificationCell-specificreferencesignalDemodulationreferencesignalMBSFN

reference

signalClassificationPrimary

synchronization

signalSecondary

synchronization

signalReferencesignalSynchronization

signal大唐移动

DTmobile43

2.2TD-LTE

Downlink

PhysicalChannelandSignal■

Cell-specific

ReferenceSignalsResource

element

(k,I)Not

usedfor

transmission

on

this

antenna

portReference

symbols

on

this

antenna

portI=0

I=6l=0

I=6I=0I=6l=0I=6I=0I=6l=0I=6I=0I=61=0I=6

44Single

antenna

port2antenna

portI=0I=6l=0I=6I=0I=6l=0I=6封I=0

I=6I=0

I=64antenna

portNormal

CP动DTmobile

2.2Multi-antennaTechnology

■

TM2:Transmit

diversity●Used

to

enhance

cell

coverage.●

As

a

retrace

mode

for

TM3/4/5/6/7.●Implementationof

LTEin

SFBC+FSTDeNBside2TXConfigurationNote:SFBC:Space

Frequency

Block

CodeFSTD:FrequencySwitchedTransmitDiversityeNBside4TX大唐移动DTmobile452.2Multi-ante