《专业英语》-Lesson 10 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle教学材料

■工作任务：认识无人机的分类和工作流程■学习目标：掌握无人机的分类和应用■

重点难点：无人机的工作流程■

推荐学时：6学时1.IntroductionAnunmannedaerialvehicle(UAV),commonlyknownasadrone,isanaircraftwithoutahumanpilotaboard.UAVsareacomponentofanunmannedaircraftsystem(UAS);whichincludeaUAV,aground-basedcontroller,andasystemofcommunicationsbetweenthetwo.TheflightofUAVsmayoperatewithvariousdegreesofautonomy:eitherunderremotecontrolbyahumanoperatororautonomouslybyonboardcomputers.2.Classification

ClassificationFlightmodeFixedwingUAV,rotorwing(propeller,multirotor)UAV,umbrellawingUAV,flappingwingUAV,unmannedairshipUAVVolumeweightMiniatureUAV:<severalkilograms,SmallsizeUAV:<200KgMediumsizeUAV:200-500kg,LargeUAV:>500KgDistanceShortrangeUAV:5-50km,ShortrangeUAV:50-200km;MediumrangeUAV:200-800km,RemoteUAV:>800KmApplicationMilitaryUAV,civilianUAVFlightheightUltra-lowaltitudeUAV:0-100m,LowaltitudeUAV:100-1000m,HollowUAV:1000-7000m,AltitudeUAV:7000-18000m,SuperhighaltitudeUAV:>18000m3.Workflow(1)Startinterface:realizetheplanningofthetaskquickly,enterthetaskmonitoringinterface,realizethefastautomaticfilingoftheaerialtask,dividethefunctions,andrealizethespecialandstableoperationofthesoftware.(2)Pre-flightinspection:inordertoensurethesafetyofthetask,automatictestingiscarriedoutwithflightcontrolsoftwarebeforetakeofftoensurethattheaircraft'sGPS,compass,airspeedtubeanditspitchingrollareingoodcondition,soastoavoidthedangeroussituationintheaerial.(3)Flightmissionplanning:flightmissionplanningiscarriedoutinthreemodesofregionalaerialphotography,navigationandblending.(4)Flightmonitoring:mastertheattitude,orientation,airspeed,position,batteryvoltage,real-timewindspeed,winddirection,andmissiontimeoftheaircraftinrealtime,soastofacilitateoperatorstojudgethefeasibilityofthetaskinrealtimeandfurtherensurethesafetyofthetask.(5)Imagestitching:aftertheaerialmissioniscompleted,navigationaerialimagesareusedforimagestitchingintheresearcharea.4.Applications(1)Scientificresearch.UAVsareespeciallyusefulinaccessingareasthataretoodangerousformannedaircraft.TheU.S.NationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationbeganusingtheAerosondeunmannedaircraftsystemin2006asahurricanehunter.The35-poundsystemcanflyintoahurricaneandcommunicatenear-real-timedatadirectlytotheNationalHurricaneCenter.Beyondthestandardbarometricpressureandtemperaturedatatypicallyculledfrommannedhurricanehunters,theAerosondesystemprovidesmeasurementsfromclosertothewater'ssurfacethanbefore.(2)Journalism.ThecameradevicecarriedbytheUAVisusedforlarge-scaleaerialphotographytoachievetheeffectofaerialoverlooking.(3)Cargotransport.UAVscantransportmedicinesandvaccines,andretrievemedicalsamples,intoandoutofremoteorotherwiseinaccessibleregions.Withtherapiddemiseofsnailmailandtheexplosivedoubledigitgrowthofe-commerce,postalcompanieshavebeenforcedtoseeknewwaystoyondtheirtraditionalletterdeliverybusinessmodels.Differentpostalcompanieshaveundertakenvariousdronetrialsastheytestthefeasibilityandprofitabilityofunmanneddeliverydroneservices.(4)Agriculture.Agriculturaldronesaredronesappliedtofarminginordertohelpincreasecropproductionandmonitorcropgrowth.Throughtheuseofadvancedsensorsanddigitalimagingcapabilities,farmersareabletousethesedronestohelpthemgatheraricherpictureoftheirfields.Informationgatheredfromsuchequipmentmayproveusefulinimprovingcropyieldsandfarmefficiency.Additionally,thedronecansurveythecropsforthefarmerperiodicallytotheirliking.Weekly,daily,orevenhourly,picturescanshowthechangesinthecropsovertime,thusshowingpossible“troublespots”.Havingidentifiedthesetroublespots,thefarmercanattempttoimprovecropmanagementandproduction.(5)Trafficsurveillance.UAVstakepartinurbantrafficmanagementtomonitorandcontroltrafficflow,soastoensuresmoothtrafficandrespondtounexpectedtrafficincidentsandimplementemergencyrescue.(6)Disasterrelief.UAVscanhelpindisasterreliefbyprovidingintelligenceacrossanaffectedarea.TherapidactionoftheUAVisvery