2026年焊接专业英语基础试题含答案

2026年焊接专业英语基础试题含答案一、单项选择题（共10题，每题2分，计20分）1.Whichofthefollowingtermsreferstotheprocessofjoiningtwometalpartsbyheatingandapplyingpressure?A.BoringB.WeldingC.RivetingD.Machining2.Whatistheprimarypurposeoffluxinwelding?A.ToincreaseweldingspeedB.ToprotectthemoltenmetalfromoxidationC.ToreduceweldingcostD.Toimprovethestrengthoftheweld3.Whichweldingprocessistypicallyusedforthicksteelplatesduetoitshighheatinput?A.TIGweldingB.MIGweldingC.SubmergedarcweldingD.Resistancewelding4.Whatdoestheabbreviation'GTAW'standforinwelding?A.GasTungstenArcWeldingB.GasMetalArcWeldingC.GasTungstenArcCuttingD.GasTungstenArcInspection5.Whichofthefollowingisacommondefectinweldedjoints?A.WeldbeadB.PorosityC.FilletweldD.Buttweld6.Whatisthetermfortheprocessoftestingaweldedjointforitsintegritywithoutdamagingthestructure?A.WeldingB.CuttingC.Non-destructivetesting(NDT)D.Machining7.WhichgasisprimarilyusedasanshieldinggasinMIGwelding?A.ArgonB.OxygenC.NitrogenD.Helium8.Whatistheminimumacceptabletensilestrength(inMPa)formostweldedsteeljointsaccordingtoAWSD1.1?A.200B.350C.500D.7009.Whichweldingpositionisconsideredthemostdifficulttoperform?A.Flat(1G)B.Horizontal(2G)C.Vertical(3G)D.Overhead(4G)10.Whatistheprimarycauseofweldbeadcracking?A.ExcessiveheatinputB.PropershieldinggasC.InsufficientweldingspeedD.Correctjointdesign二、填空题（共10题，每题2分，计20分）1.Theprocessofjoiningtwoormorematerials,typicallymetals,usingheatorpressureiscalled________.2.Thechemicalagentusedtopreventoxidationduringweldingisknownas________.3.Thetermfortheanglebetweentheweldingsurfaceandthehorizontalplaneisthe_______.4.Theabbreviation'AWS'standsforthe_______(AmericanWeldingSociety).5.Aweldthatjoinstwopiecesofmetaledge-to-edgeiscalleda_______weld.6.Theprocessofdetectingflawsinaweldwithoutcausingdamagetothematerialisreferredtoas_______.7.ThegascommonlyusedinTIGweldingtoshieldthearcis_______.8.Theminimumacceptablestrengthforaweldedjointisspecifiedin_______(unit).9.Aweldperformedverticallyupwardisknownasa_______weld.10.Thetermforthesurfaceroughnessofaweldbeadiscalled_______.三、判断题（共10题，每题1分，计10分）1.TIGweldingismoresuitableforthinmaterialsthanMIGwelding.2.Porosityisacommondefectinweldedjointscausedbytrappedgas.3.AWSD1.1isastandardforweldingpipelines.4.Therootopeninginagroovewelddeterminesthesizeoftheweldbead.5.Resistanceweldingistypicallyusedforjoiningaluminumsheets.6.Non-destructivetesting(NDT)methodsincludeX-rayandultrasonictesting.7.A2Gweldingpositionreferstoahorizontaljoint.8.Weldbeadcrackingisusuallycausedbyexcessivecoolingrate.9.TheshieldinggasinMIGweldingcanbe100%argon.10.Filletweldsarestrongerthanbuttwelds.四、简答题（共5题，每题4分，计20分）1.ExplainthedifferencebetweenTIGweldingandMIGwelding.2.Whatarethethreeprimarytypesofjointdesignsinwelding?3.Describethepurposeofpreheatinginwelding.4.Whatarethecommoncausesofweldbeadporosity?5.Listthreenon-destructivetesting(NDT)methodsusedinwelding.五、翻译题（共2题，每题5分，计10分）1.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoEnglish:"焊接接头中的未焊透通常是由电流不足或电弧长度不当引起的。"2.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese:"Non-destructivetestingisessentialforensuringtheintegrityofweldedstructures."六、论述题（共1题，计10分）Discusstheimportanceofproperjointdesigninweldingandexplainhowitaffectsthequalityoftheweld.答案及解析一、单项选择题1.B.Welding-解析：Welding是指通过加热和加压连接金属部件的过程。2.B.Toprotectthemoltenmetalfromoxidation-解析：Flux的作用是保护熔融金属免受氧化。3.C.Submergedarcwelding-解析：Submergedarcwelding适用于厚钢板，因其热输入高。4.A.GasTungstenArcWelding-解析：GTAW是钨极惰性气体保护焊的缩写。5.B.Porosity-解析：Porosity是焊缝中常见的缺陷，由气体未排出引起。6.C.Non-destructivetesting(NDT)-解析：NDT是指无损检测，不损坏结构即可检测焊缝完整性。7.A.Argon-解析：MIG焊接常用的保护气体是氩气。8.B.350-解析：根据AWSD1.1，大多数焊缝的最小抗拉强度为350MPa。9.D.Overhead(4G)-解析：仰焊位置（4G）最难操作，因为重力影响熔池。10.A.Excessiveheatinput-解析：过高的热输入会导致焊缝开裂。二、填空题1.Welding2.Flux3.坡口角度(Gougeangle)4.美国焊接学会(AmericanWeldingSociety)5.对接(Butt)6.无损检测(Non-destructivetesting)7.氩气(Argon)8.兆帕(MPa)9.垂直向上(Verticalupward)10.焊缝表面粗糙度(Weldbeadroughness)三、判断题1.正确-解析：TIG焊接适合薄材料，而MIG焊接适合中厚材料。2.正确-解析：Porosity由气体未排出引起，是常见缺陷。3.错误-解析：AWSD1.1是通用焊接标准，不专用于管道。4.正确-解析：坡口开口大小决定焊缝尺寸。5.错误-解析：电阻焊适合低碳钢，铝板常用MIG焊接。6.正确-解析：X射线和超声波是NDT方法。7.正确-解析：2G是水平位置焊缝。8.正确-解析：快速冷却会导致焊缝开裂。9.错误-解析：MIG焊接通常使用氩气和二氧化碳混合气。10.错误-解析：Fillet焊和Butt焊强度取决于设计，不能一概而论。四、简答题1.TIG焊接和MIG焊接的区别-TIG焊接使用非熔化钨电极，适合薄材料和高精度焊缝；MIG焊接使用熔化金属电极，焊接速度快，适合中厚材料。2.三种主要焊缝设计-对接焊（Buttweld）、角焊（Filletweld）、搭接焊（Lapweld）。3.预热的作用-预热可降低焊接区的冷却速度，防止裂纹，提高焊接质量。4.焊缝气孔的常见原因-气体未排出、保护气体不纯、焊条或焊剂污染。5.三种NDT方法-X射线检测、超声波检测、磁粉检测。五、翻译题1."Thelackoffusioninweldedjointsisu