中考英语复习语法专题突破十三主从复合句课件

语法专题突破专题十三主从复合句

宾语从句1.

引导词引导词作用例句that引导宾语从句时，在句中

不充当任何成分，只起连

接作用，可省略He

said

（that）

Kate

was

good

at

swimming.他说凯特擅长游

泳。if/whether意为“是否”，不作句子

成分，但不能省略He

asked

me

if/whether

Miss

Wei

was

a

teacher.他问我魏小

姐是否是一名教师。引导词作用例句连接代词what，

which，who，

whose，whom等在从句中作一定的成

分，如：主语、宾

语、定语等I

don’t

know

what

they

are

going

to

do.我不知道他们

打算干什么。连接副词when，

where，why，

how等在从句中作状语Could

you

tell

me

where

you

are

from？你能告诉我

你来自哪里吗？

【注意】只用whether不用if的情况：（1）与or

（not）连用时；（2）位于介词之后时。2.

时态宾语从句的时态一般遵循以下三个原则：（1）需要性原则：当主句是一般现在时，从句的时态不作限制，

根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。如：He

doesn’t

know

when

they

will

come.他不知道他们什么时候

会来。（2）呼应性原则：当主句是一般过去时，从句必须使用相应的过

去的某种时态。如：She

said

she

missed

us

very

much.她说她非常想念我们。（3）特殊性原则：当从句说明的是客观事实或真理时，不用受到

主句时态的限制，仍用一般现在时。如：He

said

that

the

sun

is

bigger

than

the

earth.他说太阳比地球大。

3.语序宾语从句要使用陈述语序，即“引导词＋主语＋谓语（＋其

他）”。如：Can

you

tell

me

why

you

are

late？你能告诉我你为什么迟到吗？【注意】有些特殊疑问句本身是陈述语序，不用再进行语序的调

整。如：I

want

to

know

what’s

wrong/the

matter/trouble

（with…）.I

want

to

know

what

happened

to…I

want

to

know

which

is

the

way

to…I

want

to

know

who

studies

the

hardest

in

your

class.4.

否定前移在复合句中，若主句是一般现在时且主句的谓语动词为think，

believe，expect，imagine，suppose等，从句表示否定意义时，形式上

应否定主句。如：I

don’t

suppose

he

will

come.我猜他不会来。5.

简化（1）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是

hope，wish，decide，agree，choose，know，remember，forget，learn

等时，从句可简化为“（疑问词＋）不定式”结构。如：He

hopes

that

he

will

be

back

soon.＝He

hopes

to

be

back

soon.他希

望尽快回来。（2）当tell，ask，show，teach等动词后带双宾语，且从句主语和

间接宾语一致时，从句可简化为“疑问词＋不定式”结构。如：Can

you

tell

me

how

I

can

get

to

the

library？＝Can

you

tell

me

how

to

get

to

the

library？你能告诉我怎么去图书馆吗？（3）宾语从句可以转化为名词或名词短语。如：I

don’t

believe

what

Tom

said.＝I

don’t

believe

Tom’s

words.我不相

信汤姆所说的话。【拓展】（1）if引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句的区别if在ask，wonder，know等动词后，当“是否”讲，引导宾语从句

时，从句时态与语意相关；if当“如果”讲，引导条件状语从句时，主

从句时态遵循“主将从现”原则。如：I

don’t

know

if

he

will

come

tomorrow.我不知道明天他是否会来。

（宾语从句）If

he

comes，I

will

tell

you.如果他来，我将告诉你。（条件

状语从句）（2）when引导的宾语从句和时间状语从句的区别when引导宾语从句时，意为“何时”，从句时态与语意相关；

when引导时间状语从句时，意为“当……时”，主从句时态遵循“主

将从现”原则。如：

I

wonder

when

my

father

will

arrive

in

Beijing.我想知道我爸爸什么

时候到北京。（宾语从句）He

will

call

me

when

he

arrives.他到的时候会给我打电话。（时间

状语从句）

定语从句一、定语从句的定义在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句

通常置于它修饰的名词或代词之后，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

引导定语从句的词有关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose和关

系副词when，where，why等。关系代词和关系副词既起连接作用，又

充当从句中的一个成分。如：二、定语从句关系词的判断1.

一看先行词2.

二看在从句中作何成分【注意】如果从句中缺少主干成分（主、宾、定语），补关系代

词；如果从句中不缺主干成分，补关系副词。3.

三看是否属特殊（1）只能用that的情况：①当先行词被the

only，the

very，the

last等词修饰时。如：This

is

the

only

book

that

was

written

by

him.这是他写的唯一

一本书。②当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如：The

first

thing

that

you

should

do

is

to

turn

off

the

light.你首先要做的

就是关灯。③当先行词为all，much，little，few，anything，nothing，everything等不定代词时。如：I’m

going

to

buy

everything

that

I

need.我要去买我所需要的

一切东西。④当先行词既有人又有物时。如：They

were

talking

about

things

and

persons

that

they

remembered.他

们正在谈论他们所能回忆起来的人或事。⑤当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。如：Which

is

the

program

that

you

like

best？哪个是你最喜欢的节目？（2）只能用which的情况：①当关系代词放在介词之后且先行词指物时。如：Those

days

in

which

you

could

travel

without

a

passport

have

gone.那

些你不用带护照就可以旅行的日子一去不复返了。②当that/those作主语时。如：He

admired

that

which

looked

beautiful.他欣赏那些看起来很

美的东西。【注意】关系代词的省略问题：一般情况下，关系代词that，which，whom在定语从句中作宾

语时可以省略，但“介词＋which/whom”结构中的which，whom

不能省。如：I’ll

never

forget

the

day

on

which

I

joined

the

army.我永远不会忘记

我参军的那一天。

状语从句一、状语从句的分类如果一个完整的句子修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等，充当

状语成分，该句子就叫作状语从句。状语从句由从属连词引导，中考

中对状语从句的考查往往与从属连词的辨析及应用相结合。【详见本

书第二部分专题六连词P179—181的考点2】初中阶段常见的状语从句的分类如下：分类从属连词时间状语从句before（在……之前），when/while/as

（当……时），

after（在……之后），since（自……以来），until（直

到……为止），as

soon

as（一……就……）原因状语从句because（因为），since（因为；既然），as（由于）分类从属连词条件状语从句if（如果），unless（除非；如果不），as

long

as（只要）结果状语从句so/such…that（如此……以至于……）让步状语从句though/although（虽然；尽管），even

if/though（即使；虽然），whenever（无论何时），whatever（无论什么）目的状语从句so

that（以便；为了），in

order

that（为了）二、主、从句的时态问题含时间状语从句或条件状语从句的复合句中，主句和从句的时态

问题一般分为下列三种情况：1.

主祈/情从现：若主句是祈使句或主句中有情态动词，从句用一

般现在时。如：Be

careful

when

you

cross

the

road.过马路时要小心。You

must

stop

when

the

lights

turn

red.当红灯亮时，你必须停

下来。2.

主将从现：若主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。如：If

our

government

doesn’t

pay

attention

to

the

food

safety，our

health

will

be

in

danger.如果我们的政府不关注食品安全，我们的健康将处于

危险中。3.

since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句一般用现在完成

时。如：You’ve

changed

a

lot

since

we

last

met.自从我们上次见面以来，你

变了很多。

一、选词填空because

work

travel

where

when

who

which

unless

howwhat1.

（2025无锡改编）Thanks

a

million，Julie！If

it

，you

will

be

my

angel！2.

（2025眉山改编）—What

do

you

want

to

be

you

grow

up？—I

want

to

be

an

astronaut.3.

（2025龙东地区改编）Ioftenlookthroughtheweatherreportonthe

mobilephone.Itshows

theweatherwillbe.works

when

how

4.

（2025遂宁改编）—What

kinds

of

after-school

activities

do

you

like？—I

like

those

activities

are

about

P.E.and

art.5.

（2024河北改编）Toknow

themountaintoplookslike，you

needtoreachit.6.

（2024龙东地区改编）Theteachertoldusthattheearth

⁠

aroundthesun.7.

（2024白银改编）Lindaprefersmusicians

playdifferent

kindsofmusic.which

what

travels

who

8.

（2024广西改编）—Could

you

please

tell

me

you

usually

spend

your

holiday？—In

my

hometown.where

9.

（2024无锡改编）I

won’t

let

you

go

you

tell

me

the

truth.10.

（2024吉林改编）Bob

watches

the

news

every

night

he

wonders

what’s

going

on

around

the

world.unless

because

二、短文填空A（2025乐山改编）人与自我：成长与坚持because

help

so

that

what

when

which

Once，in

a

small

village，Mark

lived

with

his

dad.Mark

loved

playing

the

guitar.But

he

felt

sad

1.

he

wasn’t

good

at

it.He

asked

his

dad

2.

he

should

do.His

dad

said，“Come

with

me

tomorrow.We’ll

climb

a

high

hill.”because

what

The

next

day，they

walked

a

long

way.Although

the

hill

was

difficult

to

climb，Mark

didn’t

give

up

and

3.

his

dad

along

the

way.They

climbed

higher

and

higher.At

last，they

reached

the

top，4.

made

both

of

them

happy.Mark

said，“5.

I

was

small，I

called

this

hill

‘Impossible

Mountain’

because

I

couldn’t

reach

the

top.”helped

which

When

Now，Mark

was

big

and

strong.He

had

climbed

many

other

hills

and

even

climbed

“Impossible

Mountain”

too.His

dad

said，“By

practicing

on

smaller

hills，you

became

6.

good

that

this

big

hill

wasn’t

impossible

anymore.”

Mark

smiled

and

nodded.He

understood

7.

.

hard

work

and

patience

made

things

possible.From

then

on，he

kept

practicing

his

guitar

and

believed

that

he

could

play

it

better

in

the

future.so

that

B（2024滨州改编）人与社会：拾金不昧的男子On

April

8，in

Hangzhou，a

young

man

called

Andy

ordered

and

packed

his

breakfast

at

a

local

noodle

house

and

got

much

more

8.

he

expected.Andy

shared

a

video

on

the

Internet

about

his

experience

at

a

noodle

house

in

the

morning.In

the

video，9.

had

over

2.3

million

views，Andy

was

shocked

by

what

he

found

in

his

to-go

bag

instead

of

breakfast.than

which

“Why？There’s

a

couple

of

thousand

yuan

in

my

bag，”Andy

said，“Why

would

they

do

this？Why

would

they

give

this

to

me？”Andy

shared

his

shocking

discovery

on

the

Internet.He

knew

10.

he

could

just

take

the

money，but

finally，he

said

he

knew

what

he

11.

（need）

to

do.“Now

I

have

to

return

it

12.

I’m

a

good

p