专题04时文阅读技巧在高考解题中的应用（真题案例）（方法技巧高考真题）（讲义）（原卷版）

专题04时文阅读技巧在高考解题中的应用（真题案例）高考时文阅读聚焦科技发展、社会热点、文化交流等主题，题型以主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、观点态度为主。本文核心是“技巧+解题”深度绑定，先讲解适配不同题型的可操作阅读技巧，再通过真题案例演示技巧应用，最后用近3年真题练习强化，帮助学生快速掌握“读文有方法、解题有抓手”的核心能力。方法讲解核心方法讲解：题型适配型阅读技巧时文阅读的核心逻辑是“先抓框架，再找细节，按需解题”，不同题型对应不同的阅读侧重点和技巧，以下技巧均附明确操作步骤，直接对接解题场景：1.主旨大意题：“框架定位法”（找核心论点/主题）适用题型：考查段落主旨、全文主旨（如“Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?”“Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?”）操作步骤：快速扫读文章首尾段+各段首句，标记“转折词（but/however）、总结词（inshort/thus）、观点词（think/believe）”——这些词后多为核心观点排除“细节干扰项”：若选项仅涉及某一段的具体内容（如某个例子、某个数据），大概率不是主旨提炼高频词：全文重复出现的名词/名词短语，多是主旨的核心话题（如“renewableenergy”“bikesharing”）④验证：将候选主旨代入全文，判断是否能覆盖各段核心内容。关键提醒：时文主旨多“开门见山”或“结尾总结”，优先关注首尾段；遇到“总分/分总”结构，直接定位“总”的部分。2.细节理解题：“关键词定位法”（精准找对应信息）适用题型：caused...?因果关系等（如“Whatcaused...?”“Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?”）操作步骤：从题干中提取“关键词”（专有名词、数字、特殊名词、否定词等，如“2024”“PietOudolf”“not”）带着关键词回原文快速扫描，定位到包含关键词的12个句子（精准定位，不读无关内容）比对原文与选项：重点关注“同义替换”（如原文“reduce”对应选项“decrease”）、“因果逻辑”（because/so等），排除“偷换概念”（如原文“some”换成选项“all”）、“无中生有”（选项内容原文未提及）的干扰项④验证：确保选项内容与原文定位句语义完全一致。关键提醒：时文细节题答案多是原文信息的“同义改写”，无需过度推理；定位不到关键词时，可根据题干话题锁定对应段落。3.推理判断题：“逻辑推导法”（基于原文合理推断）适用题型：考查隐含意义、作者意图、读者对象等（如“WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3?”“Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?”）操作步骤：定位题干对应的原文段落/句子，标记“逻辑标志词”（因果、转折、条件等，如“since”“but”“if”）排除“原文原句”：推理题答案是“隐含信息”，直接摘抄原文的选项大概率错误基于原文逻辑推导：从已知信息推出合理结论（如原文“manycountriesfocusonrenewableenergy”可推出“traditionalenergyhasdrawbacks”）④验证：确保推导结论不偏离原文主旨，无过度联想。关键提醒：时文推理题“有据可依”，所有推断都要基于原文信息，不能凭常识主观判断。4.观点态度题：“情感词定位法”（抓作者情感倾向）适用题型：towards...?is...atistheauthor’sattitudetowards...?”“Theauthor’stoneinthepassageis...”）操作步骤：回原文定位“情感态度词”（形容词、副词、动词等，如“positive”“fortunately”“support”“criticize”）区分“作者态度”与“他人态度”：注意原文中是否有“sb.thinks”“somepeopleargue”等，避免混淆归类态度倾向：正面（supportive/optimistic）、负面（critical/doubtful）、中立（neutral/objective）④验证：结合全文主旨判断态度是否一致（如主旨是“推广绿色出行”，作者对“共享单车”大概率是正面态度）。关键提醒：时文作者态度多明确，少数客观说明类文章为中立态度；遇到“indifferent（冷漠的）”“biased（偏见的）”等选项，大概率是干扰项。典型例题案例1：主旨大意题（2024新课标I卷）真题片段：Renewableenergyisgainingpopularityaroundtheworld.Manycountriesareinvestingheavilyinsolarandwindpower.Forexample,Chinahasbuilttheworld’slargestsolarpowerstation.Besides,windfarmshavebeensetupinmanycoastalareas.Theseeffortshelpreducecarbonemissionsandprotecttheenvironment.题目：Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?（）A.ChinaleadstheworldinsolarpowerB.RenewableenergyisdevelopinggloballyC.WindfarmsarepopularincoastalareasD.Howtoreducecarbonemissions案例2：细节理解题（2023新课标II卷）真题片段：Bikesharingserviceshavebeepopularinmanycities.Userscanrentabikewithamobileappandreturnitatanydesignatedstation.Thecostisusuallylow,about1yuanper30minutes.Thisservicenotonlyprovidesconvenienceforpeople’stravelbutalsohelpsreducetrafficjams.题目：Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutbikesharingservices?（）A.UsersneedtoreturnbikesattherentalstationB.Thecostis1yuanperhourC.IthelpsreducetrafficjamsD.Itispopularonlyinbigcities案例3：推理判断题（2025浙江卷）真题片段：Urbangreenbeltsareimportantforecologicalbalance.Theycanabsorbharmfulgasesandprovidehabitatsforsmallanimals.However,manygreenbeltsarebeingdestroyedduetourbanexpansion.Ifthistrendcontinues,theurbanecologicalenvironmentwillbeseriouslyaffected.题目：Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?（）A.UrbangreenbeltsareuselessforhumansB.UrbanexpansionisharmfultotheecologicalbalanceC.AllgreenbeltshavebeendestroyedD.Smallanimalsonlyliveingreenbelts案例4：观点态度题（2024新课标II卷）真题片段：Onlinereadinghasbeemon,butithassomedisadvantages.Itiseasyforreaderstogetdistractedbypopupads.Besides,staringatscreensforalongtimeisbadforeyes.Incontrast,printreadingallowsreaderstofocusbetterandishealthier.Ipreferprintreadingfordeepreading.题目：Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsprintreading?（）A.Supportive B.Doubtful C.Neutral D.Critical即时练习练习1：2023新课标I卷·主旨大意题真题片段：Digitalminimalismisalifestylethathelpspeoplereducetheirdependenceondigitaldevices.Itadvisespeopletousedigitaltoolsonlywhennecessaryandfocusonreallifeinteractions.Manypeoplewhopracticedigitalminimalismsaytheyfeelmorerelaxedandhavemoretimeforhobbies.题目：Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?（）A.HowtousedigitaltoolswiselyB.ThebenefitsofreallifeinteractionsC.WhatdigitalminimalismisanditsadvantagesD.Whypeopledependondigitaldevices练习2：2024新课标I卷·细节理解题真题片段：Observationaldataarebeingmoreimportantinscientificresearch.Thesedataarecollectedbyordinarypeoplethroughmobileapps.paredwithprimarydatafromphysicalspecimens,observationaldataareeasiertocollectandcoverawiderrange.题目：Whatistheadvantageofobservationaldata?（）A.ItiscollectedbyscientistsB.ItishardertocollectC.ItcoversawiderrangeD.Itesfromphysicalspecimens练习3：2025全国卷I·推理判断题真题片段：Plantbaseddietshavebeepopularbecausemorepeoplecareabouthealthandtheenvironment.Meatproductionusesalotofwaterandland,anditproducesalotofcarbondioxide.Plantbasedfoods,however,requirelessresourcesandproducefeweremissions.题目：Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?（）A.PlantbaseddietsarebetterfortheenvironmentB.MeatproductionischeapC.NooneeatsmeatanymoreD.Plantbasedfoodsaremoreexpensive练习4：2023新课标II卷·观点态度题真题片段：Onlinecourseshavemadeeducationmoreaccessible.Studentsfromremoteareascanlearnfromtopteachers.However,onlinecourseslackfacetofaceinteraction,whichmayaffectlearningeffectiveness.Overall,onlinecoursesareausefulsupplementtotraditionaleducation.题目：Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsonlinecourses?（）A.Fullysupportive B.Stronglycritical C.Objective D.Doubtful练习5：2024浙江卷·细节理解题真题片段：Matrixgardensgroupplantswithsimilarneeds.Thishelpsplantsgrowbettertogether.Thegardensalsoconservewaterandreduceweeds.Astudyshowsthatmatrixgardensuse30%lesswaterthantraditionalgardens.题目：Howmuchlesswaterdomatrixgardensusethantraditionalones?（）A.20% B.30% C.50% D.70%练习6：2025新课标II卷·推理判断题真题片段：Parentingdiscussionsoftencovermanytopics,butfoodisnotagoodone.Forcingchildrentotalkaboutfoodpreferencesmaymakethemanxious.Itisbettertoletchildrenmaketheirownchoicesaboutfood.题目：Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor’sadviceonparentingfoodissues?（）A.ParentsshouldforcechildrentotalkaboutfoodB.ParentsshouldletchildrendecideonfoodbythemselvesC.FoodisthemostimportanttopicinparentingD.ChildrenareneveranxiousaboutfoodchoicesPassage1Nietzsche(尼采)waswrong:Whenyougazelongenoughintotheabyss(深渊),theabyssdoesnotgazebackintoyou.Instead,thecosmic(宇宙的)void(空白)remainssilentandfrighteninginitsvastness.Whenlookingatthevastemptinessoftheuniverse,thereisatemptation(诱惑)tolookatourtinyworldwithnihilism(虚无主义).Tofeelthatourgreatachievementsamounttonothing.Thatourhistoryfailstoleaveamark.Thatourconcernsandanxietiesarepointless.us.Andcosmologist,thekindofscientistwhostudiestheorigin,historyandevolutionoftheuniverse.Ihavespentyearsworkingtounderstandwhatcosmicvoidsteachus.Andinthecourseofmystudies,Ihavelearnedtorejectthattemptation.meaningless.TheEarthisneitherlargenorlonglived,butthatisonlyonewayofmeasuringsignificance.paredwiththecosmicvoids,thereissomethingspecialhappeningonourplanet.Earthisstilltheonlyknownplaceintheentireuniversewhereconsciousbeingsraisetheircuriouseyestotheskyandwonder.Earthistheonlyknownplacewherehumanscanexist.Itistheonlyknownplacewherelaughter,love,angerandjoyexist.Theonlyknownplacewherewecanfinddance,music,andart.Ourdisagreementsandallthebeautifulplexitiesthatmakeushumanaren’tmeaningless.Theexperiencesinourlivesarespecialbecausetheywillneverhappenintheemptyexpanseofmostoftheuniverse.Thesamelessonsthatcosmicvoidsteachusarefoundinthevoidsweencounterinourownlives.Thepresenceofvoidsguaranteestheopposite;theycreatecontrast;theyarefullofpotential.Thepainwefeelfromlossisthelastreminderofthegiftofalifedeeplyloved.Thesilencebeforeaperformanceisfullofelectricexpectation.Ourchoicetoignorestressfulnewsisnecessarytoallowustofocusonwhattrulymatters.Artistshavelongunderstoodthepowerofthevoid.The12thcenturypoetSaigyonotedthatthepausesbetweenraindropswereasimportantasthedropsthemselves.ThefamedarchitectRemcelebratedtheusefulnessofnegativespaces,declaring,“Wherethereisnothing,everythingispossible.”Theuniversewon’tdoanythingforusexceptgiveusthefreedomtoexist.Itisourjobtofilltheuniversewithmeaningandpurpose.1．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestaboutthe“temptation”inparagraph2?A．Itreflectshumanity’sfearofcosmicemptiness.B．Itstrengthenspeople’sscientificcuriosityaboutthevoid.C．ItleadspeopletounderstateEarth’suniquequalities.D．Itesfromtheuniverse’scoldnesstohumanexistence.2．Whydoestheauthorrejectthetemptation?A．Heisacosmologistwhobelievesscience.B．Earthremainstheonlyknownhomeforhumanexperiences.C．Humanexperiencesdifferfromthoseinvoids.D．Earth’ssmallsizeandshortlifemakesitunique.3．Whatisthemainpurposeofparagraph5?A．Toexplainwhyvoidsexistinuniverseandlife.B．Tosuggestpeopleshouldremoveemptyspacesinlife.C．Toanalyzehowemptinessinlifeofferssignificance.D．Toprovefillingemptyspacescreatesgreaterpurpose.4．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．CosmicVoids:AScientist’sTechnicalAnalysisB．FillingtheEmptiness:FindingMeaningintheVastUniverseC．NietzscheRevisited:WhenPhilosophyMeetsAstronomyD．TheSilentUniverse:WhyOurExistenceMeansNothingPassage2IntheAlpsandApenninesofsouthernEurope,longhornbeetlesaremovinguphill,andararebrownbutterflywithorangetippedwingsisfacingextinctionduetoisolation(隔离)athighpeaks.Thisisapictureofaglobaltrend.Withtemperaturesrisingandpressureonbiodiversitygrowing,insectsvitaltoourecosystemsarenotonlymovingnorthandsouth,butup.Researchshowsmanyanimalsaremakingsimilarmoves,butinsects’highlevelsofmobilityandshortgenerationtimesallowthemtorespondquicklytochange.BumblebeesinthePyreneeshavemovedupwardsonaveragebymorethanametreayear,withsomespeciesmakingsignificantlygreaterjourneys.Allofthisshowsthespeedofclimatechangeanditsecologicalimpactsathigheraltitudes(海拔).Inecology,findingthe“smokinggun”toneatlyexplainanyphenomenonisgenerallydifficult.Prof.ChristyMcCain,whorunsColoradoUniversity’sMountainLab,said:“Onethingthatpeopledon’tthinkaboutasmuchiscontext:howclimateaffectsinsectsatdifferentlifestages,suchaseggsandlarvae(幼虫).Measuringadultsinsummermightnotrevealthemostcriticalimpactsofclimatechange,especiallyincoldanddrymountainenvironments.”McCainbelievesthewaydatahasbeencollectedhistoricallyispreventingtheirunderstanding,withtoomanymuseumspecimens(标本)fromlowaltitudes,andfarfewerfromhigherup.Andmanygroupsotherthanbutterfliesandmoths(蛾)havebeenneglected.Tosupportherview,shecitesresearchoncarrionbeetlesbyastudentinherlab.Thestudyshowsthatclimatetolerancemightbepasseddownintheseimpacts,whichplayakeyroleindepositionandprotectthemfromextremeconditions.TheirlonghistorysincetheCretaceous(白垩纪)alsoaidstheiradaptationtoday.Thereisnosuchthingasastandardinsectorresponsetoenvironmentalchange.Forsomegroups,itmightbeacaseofthebiggerandmoremobiletheyare,thebettertheirchances.Thereisalsonouniversaluplandhabitatandthistoocouldproveasavinggrace.5．BumblebeesinthePyreneesarementionedbecause______.A．theyaremoremobilethanotherinsectsB．theyhaveadaptedwelltohigheraltitudesC．theyareausefulindicatorofclimatechangeD．theyfaceextinctionduetoupwardmovement6．WhichstatementmayMcCainagreewithaccordingtoparagraphs3and4?A．Studycontextisbeyondgrasp.B．Researchdataarehardtoobtain.C．Insectsamplesareunrepresentative.D．Collectionmethodisunconventional.7．WhydoesMcCainciteresearchoncarrionbeetles?A．Toarguefortheirsensitivitytoenvironmentalchanges.B．Tocallfortheprotectionofinsectsfromhigheraltitudes.C．Toredirectfocusfrominsectsmovinguphilltothosedownhill.D．Tooffernewinsightsintoinsects’adaptationtoclimatechange.8．Whatdoes“asavinggrace”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Amethodusedtocollectdata.B．Aproblemthatneedstobesolved.C．Afeaturethathelpsimproveasituation.D．Atypeofinsectthatadaptswelltochange.Passage3Chinesescientistshavemadeasignificantbreakthroughinproducinghydrogenfromwaterusinglight.Theyaddedscandium(钪)totitaniumdioxide(二氧化钛,TiO₂)tocreateanewTiO₂structure.Thisinnovationincreaseshydrogenproductionefficiency15timesundersunlightparedtopreviousTiO₂materials.Thenewperformanceofphotocatalys,whichisachemicalreactionthatisacceleratedbytheabsorptionoflightbyacatalyst(催化剂)isdueto5%scandiumdoping.ThiscreatesTiO₂particleswithtwocrystalfacets(面):{101}and{110}.The{101}facetcollectselectrons,whilethe{110}facetreceivesholes.ThisarrangementproducesastrongelectricfieldwithintheTiO₂particles,enhancingchargetransportefficiency.Asaresult,thephotoinduced(光诱导的)chargeseparationefficiencyhasimprovedover200times,andthequantumefficiencyforultravioletlightat360nmhasexceeded30%.paredtotraditionalsolarhydrogenproductionmethodslikephotovoltaicpoweredelectrolysis,thisnewapproachissimplerandmorecosteffective.Traditionalmethodsrequireplexandexpensiveequipment,whileTiO₂basedphotocatalystsofferamorestraightforwardalternative.However,TiO₂hasaproblem:photoexcitedelectronsandholesreunitequickly,reducingefficiency.ThescandiumdopedTiO₂solvesthisproblemintwoways:1.EliminatingChargeTraps:Sc³⁺ionsfitwellintotheTiO₂structurewithoutcausingdistortion.Theirstable+3chargeneutralizestheimbalancecausedbyoxygenvacancies,reducingelectronholerebination.2.ReconstructingtheCrystalSurface:Scandiumatomsrearrangethecrystalsurfacetoformspecificfacets,givingelectronsandholesmoretimeandspacetoparticipateinreactions.Ifmadeintoa100m²photocatalyticpanel,thismaterialcouldgenerateenoughhydrogeninonedaytopowerahydrogenfuelcellvehicletotravelabout68kilometers.Chinahastheworld’slargestTiO₂productioncapacityandsignificantscandiumreserves,sothisdiscoverycouldfacilitatethelargescaleindustrialapplicationofphotocatalyticwatersplittingtechnology.Itoffersapromisingwayformoreefficientandeconomicalhydrogenproduction,whichiscrucialfortransitioningtosustainableandcarbonneutralenergysystems.Thisadvancementhighlightsthepotentialofrareearthelementsinimprovingphotocatalyticmaterials.Astheworldseekswaystoreducecarbonemissionsandbatclimatechange,thisscandiumdopedTiO₂photocatalystprovideshope.Itcouldacceleratetheadoptionofhydrogenasacleanenergycarrierandsupportthedevelopmentofhydrogenpoweredtechnologiesacrossvariousindustries.Insummary,thisnewscandiumdopedTiO₂photocatalystisamajorstepforwardinrenewableenergy.Itsimpressiveperformanceandpotentialforwidespreadapplicationbringusclosertoafuturewhereclean,sustainablehydrogenenergyisbothabundantandeconomicallyfeasible.Thisbreakthroughisexpectedtoinspirefurtherresearchandinnovationinthedesignofadvancedphotocatalyticmaterials,drivingtheworldclosertoacarbonneutralandsustainableenergyfuture.9．Whatfundamentalinnovationenablesthedramaticimprovementinhydrogenproductionefficiency?A．Substitutingrareearthelementsfortraditionalcatalysts.B．Optimizingcatalyststructurethroughelementalintegration.C．Developingultrathinsemiconductormembranelayers.D．Implementingmultistagephotovoltaicconversionsystems.10．Whichdualmechanismaddressestherapidrebinationofelectronsandholes?A．Neutralizingionicimbalancesandrestructuringreactivepathways.B．Enhancingphotonabsorptionandextendingwavelengthranges.C．Introducingmagneticfieldsandcoolingthermalbyproducts.D．Isolatingoxygenmoleculesandpressurizingreactionchambers.11．ConsideringChina’sindustrialcontext,whichfactorwouldmostcriticallydeterminethescalabilityofthistechnology?A．Globalmarketdemandforhydrogenvehicles.B．Availabilityofspecializedmanufacturingequipment.C．Domesticmineralresourcedistributionpatterns.D．Internationalcarbonemissionregulations.12．Arenewableenergystartupplanstopilotthistechnology.Whichimplementationchallengealignswiththestatement“photoexcitedelectronsandholesreunitequickly”

(para.3)?A．Maintainingstablelightintensityacrosslargesurfaceareas.B．Preventingprematureenergylossduringchargemigration.C．Scalingupultravioletlightfiltrationsystems.D．Balancingproductioncostswithcatalystdurability.Passage4Lifecanbemetaphoricallyperceivedasavastwilderness,anextensiveandunchartedterrainwaitingtobeexplored.Thisanalogycarriesprofoundimplicationsthatcanofferusuniqueinsightsintotheessenceofexistenceandguideustowardsamorefulfillingandpurposefullife.Thewildernessisvast,mysterious,andfullofuncertainties,muchlikelifeitself.Whenwestepintothiswildernessthatislife,wearefacedwiththeunknownateveryturn.Therearenopredeterminedpaths,noclearsignpoststodirectustowardsourdestination.Wemustrelyonourinstincts,ourinnerpass,tofindourwayforward.Thisuncertaintycanbedaunting,yetitispreciselythisuncertaintythatmakeslifeinfusedwithadventureandpotential.Justasexplorersinawildernessmustbepreparedtofaceunexpectedchallengesandadapttoeverchangingcircumstances,wetoomustcultivateresilienceandflexibilityinourlifejourney.Wewillencounterobstaclesthatseeminsurmountable,situationsthattestourpatienceandresolve.However,itisthroughthesetrialsthatwediscoverourinnerstrengthandcapabilitiesthatweneverknewwepossessed.Eachdifficultyovereisastepforwardinourpersonalgrowthanddevelopment.Moreover,thewildernessisaplaceofsolitudeandselfdiscovery.Inthequietexpanseofthewilderness,awayfromthenoiseanddistractionsofcivilization,onecanhearthefaintvoiceoftheirinnerself.Similarly,lifeprovidesuswithmomentsofsolitude,timeswhenwearestrippedofexternalvalidationsandmaterialpossessions,andareleftalonewithourthoughts.Thesemoments,thoughsometimesunfortable,arecrucialforselfreflectionandintrospection.Theyallowustoquestionourvalues,ourgoals,andourdirectioninlife.Itisinthesemomentsofstillnessthatwecanreconnectwithourtruepassionsanddesires,awayfromtheinfluencesandexpectationsofothers.Wecanthenusethisclaritytomakemoreauthenticandmeaningfulchoicesaboutourfuture.Furthermore,thewildernessisteemingwithdiversefloraandfauna,eachspeciescoexistingandinteractingwithinadelicateecosystem.Lifetooismarkedbyitsdiversityandinterconnectedness.Weencounterpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds,cultures,andwalksoflife,eachbringingtheiruniqueperspectivesandexperiences.Theseinteractionsenrichourunderstandingoftheworldandbroadenourhorizons.Justasthewildernessthrivesonbiodiversity,ourlivesaremademorevibrantandpletethroughthediverserelationshipsweform.Welearnfromothers,weshareandexchangeideas,andtogetherwecreatearichertapestryofhumanexperience.Inthiswildernesscalledlife,weareboththeexplorersandtheexplored.Asweventureforth,wenotonlydiscovernewlandscapesbutalsouncovernewfacetsofourselves.Thejourneyisnotalwayseasy,butitisinthechallengesandtheunknownthatwefindtheopportunityforgrowthandtransformation.Soletusembracethiswildernesswithcourageandcuriosity.Letusnotfeartheuncertaintiesandthesolitude,butseethemassteppingstonestowardsadeeperunderstandingofourselvesandtheworldaroundus.Indoingso,wecantrulylivealifethatisauthentic,meaningful,andrichinexperience.13．Theauthor’sprimarypurposeisto.A．Critiquehumanity’sfutileattemptstoimposeorderonchaoticexistence.B．Articulateametaphoricalframeworkforinterpretingexistentialauthenticity.C．Contrastbiologicalecosystemswithsocialconstructsofhumancivilization.D．Advocateforradicalindividualismthroughrejectionofsocietalnorms.14．The‌“delicateecosystem”analogy(Paragraph4)primarilyservestoemphasize.A．ThepredatorynatureofinterpersonalpetitionB．CognitivedissonanceinmulticulturalenvironmentsC．SymbioticinterdependenceofdisparateelementsD．Ephemeralqualityofsocialhierarchies15．Thestatement‌“weareboththeexplorersandtheexplored”mostprofoundlysuggests.A．SubjectiveobjectivedualityinphenomenologicalexperienceB．DialecticaltensionbetweenagencyanddeterminismC．RecursivenatureofintrospectiveprocessesD．Paradoxicalsimultaneityofobserver/participantroles16．The‌“innerpass”(Paragraph2)metaphorcontainsanimplicitcritiqueof.A．Cartesiandualism’smindbodydichotomyB．UtilitarianapproachestodecisionmakingC．BehavioristmodelsofenvironmentaladaptationD．CollectivistparadigmsofsocialnavigationPassage5Ioncefoundmyselfinthedarkestvalleyofmylife.Gossipandrumors,likeastormofarrows,raineddownuponmefromalldirections.Theystruckmemercilessly,leavinginvisiblewoundsthatbledwitheverypassingday.Myworld,oncefilledwiththevibrantcolorsofhopeandjoy,wasnowpaintedinthebleakshadesofdespairandconfusion.IfeltasifIweretrappedinalabyrinth,withnoexitinsight,andeveryturnleadingtoanotherdeadendofselfdoubtandfear.Duringthosetormentingdays,Isoughtsolaceinthemostunexpectedofplacesthepagesofclassicalliterature.IrememberthefirsttimeIopenedarenownedclassic,itswordsseemedtowhispertomeinalanguagebothancientandfamiliar.AsIdelveddeeperintothetext,Iwasamazedtofindthatthestrugglesofthecharactersmirroredmyowninmanyways.Theytoohadfacedtrialsandtribulations,hadbeenmisunderstoodandjudgedbyothers,yettheyhadfoundthestrengthtopersevere.Oneparticularnovelleftanindeliblemarkonmysoul.Theprotagonist,awomanofgreatdepthandresilience,facedascandalthatthreatenedtoruinherreputationandlife.Butinsteadofsuccumbingtodespair,sheretreatedintoherinnerworld,usingherintellectandwisdomtonavigatethroughthestorm.Herjourneywasfraughtwithpainanduncertainty,yetsheemergedstrongerandmoreselfassuredthanbefore.Readingthisstorywaslikeholdingamirroruptomyownlife.IbegantoseethatthegossipandrumorswerenotareflectionofwhoItrulywas.Theyweremerelytheshadowscastbythefearandignoranceofothers.Irealizedthatmyworthwasnotdefinedbythewordsofothers,butbythesubstanceofmycharacterandtheintegrityofmyactions.AsIcontinuedtoimmersemyselfintheworldofliterature,Idiscoveredvaluablelessonsaboutlifeandhumannature.Ilearnedthatsuffering,thoughpainful,couldbeacatalystforgrowthandtransformation.Thecharactersinthebooksshowedmethateveninthedarkestoftimes,therewasalwaysaglimmerofhope,asparkoflightwaitingtobefannedintoaflame.Gradually,Istartedtorebuildmylife,onestepatatime.IdrewstrengthfromtheresilienceoftheliteraryfiguresIhadetoadmire.Ilearnedtovaluemyownthoughtsandfeelings,totrustinmyownjudgment,andtoriseabovethenoiseofgossipandjudgments.Thisexperiencetaughtmeaninvaluablelessonaboutlife.Itshowedmethatduringourdarkestmoments,whentheworldseemstohaveturneditsbackonus,thegreatestsourceofstrengthandwisdomcanbefoundwithinourselvesandinthetimelesswisdomofgreatliterature.Thejourneyfromdespairtoselfdiscoveryisnotaneasyone,butitisajourneyworthtaking,foritleadsustoadeeperunderstandingofourselvesandthetruemeaningoflife.Andintheend,itisthisunderstandingthatallowsustoemergefromtheshadowsandwalkonceagaininthelight,withourheadsheldhighandourheartsfilledwithrenewedhopeandpurpose.17．Theauthor’sprimarypurposeinthepassageisto.A．Critiquethedestructivepowerofsocialjudgmentthroughallegoricalmetaphors.B．Chronicleapsychologicalmetamorphosiscatalyzedbyintrospectiveengagementwithart.C．Contrastephemeralworldlytribulationswithenduringphilosophicaltruths.D．Deconstructtheontologicalrelationshipbetweenexternalperceptionandselfconcept.18．Theprotagonist’sretreatintoher“innerworld”(Paragraph3)mostlikelyimplies.A．Astrategicdisengagementfrominterpersonalconflictsthroughintellectualsublimation.B．Anepistemologicalshiftfromempiricalreasoningtointuitivecognition.C．Theprioritizationofsubjectiveinterpretationoverobjectivereality.D．Adialecticalsynthesisofexistentialsufferingandcreativetranscendence.19．Themetaphor“shadowscastbythefearandignoranceofothers”(Paragraph4)suggestsgossipisfundamentally.A．Projectionsofothers'unexaminedbiasesB．DistortedreflectionsoflatentinsecuritiesC．EpistemologicalvoidsincollectiveconsciousnessD．Cognitivedissonancemanifestingassocialphenomena20．Theliteraryfigures’resilienceisportrayedasderivingfrom.A．SystematicdeconstructionofsocietalnormsB．ExistentialdetachmentfromtemporalconcernsC．AlchemicaltransformationofadversityD．HermeneuticreinterpretationofpersonalnarrativesPassage6Intheearly1900s,Frenchchemist,EdouardBenedictus,inventedshatterproof(防碎的)glassbychance.Butitssignificanceandrelevancedidn’temergeuntilthecarmarketcreatedtheproblemforwhichhehadalreadyfoundtheanswer.Suchmomentsofserendipityrevealtheunpredictablenatureofinnovation.Yet,evenincaseswherechanceplaysarole,asinBenedictus’sstory,thebroaderquestionremains:Aresuchdiscoverie