中考英语复习语法专题突破十一非谓语动词课件

语法专题突破专题十一非谓语动词

动词不定式动词不定式的基本结构为“（to＋）动词原形”，否定形式为

“not＋（to＋）动词原形”。1.

作主语（1）置于句首，谓语动词用单数形式。如：To

get

up

early

is

necessary.早起是必要的。①It’s＋adj.（＋for/of

sb.）＋to

do

sth.；②It’s＋n.＋to

do

sth.；③It

takes/took

sb.＋some

time＋to

do

sth.；④It

seems（-ed）/appears（-ed）＋adj.＋to

do

sth.等。（2）为避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，而将动词不定式所表

示的真正的主语放在句末。其常用结构为：2.

作宾语（1）一些表命令、打算、希望、决心等的动词后常接不定式作宾

语。如：They

decide

to

buy

a

car.他们决定买一辆车。（2）在find，make，think等后跟动词不定式作宾语时，常用it作

形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句末。如：He

finds

it

easy

to

learn

English

well.他发现学好英语很容易。常见的后接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：afford买得起agree同意begin/start开始choose选择decide决定expect预料；期待fail未能（做到）forget忘记help帮助hope/wish希望learn学习manage完成（困难的事）offer主动提出plan计划promise承诺refuse拒绝remember记得want/would

like想要

3.作宾语补足语（1）动词不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。

tell，ask，want，allow，get，would

like，encourage后常跟动词不定式

作宾语补足语。如：Lucy

asked

him

to

turn

off

the

radio.露西让他关掉收音机。常见的后接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：advise建议allow允许ask要求encourage鼓励expect预料；期待force强迫help帮助invite邀请order命令persuade说服teach教tell告诉want/would

like想要wish希望warn警告

（2）一些使役动词和感官动词后常接不带to的动词不定式作宾语

补足语。这些动词有：一感（feel）、二听（hear，listen

to）、三让

（let，make，have）、四看（look

at，see，watch，notice）。如：The

boss

made

the

workers

have

a

good

rest

this

weekend.那个老板

让工人们这周末好好休息一下。

4.作定语动词不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。如：There

was

no

food

to

eat

in

the

past.过去没有食物吃。5.

作状语（1）作目的状语。既可放句首，也可放句末。如：To

keep

healthy，we

should

eat

more

vegetables.＝We

should

eat

more

vegetables

to

keep

healthy.为了保持健康，我们应该多吃蔬菜。（2）作原因状语。如：I’m

sorry

to

hear

that.听到那件事我很难过。（3）作结果状语，常表示未预料到的、令人沮丧的结果。如：A

few

years

later，we

came

to

our

hometown

to

find

that

it

had

greatly

changed.几年后我们回到家乡，发现家乡发生了翻天覆地的变化。6.

作表语构成“be

to

do”，表愿望、梦想、责任、义务等。如：Their

duty

is

to

look

after

the

animals.他们的职责是照看动物。【注意】动词不定式的特殊用法（1）“疑问词＋动词不定式”①“疑问词＋动词不定式”可以作主语、宾语或表语等。如：Where

to

live

is

a

problem.住在哪是个问题。（作主语）My

question

is

how

to

find

the

answer

quickly.我的问题是如何快速

找到答案。（作表语）②“疑问词＋动词不定式”可与宾语从句进行相互转换。如：I

don’t

know

what

to

do

next.＝I

don’t

know

what

I

should

do

next.

我不知道下一步该怎么办。（2）“prefer

to

do

sth.rather

than

do

sth.”宁愿做……而不愿

做……（3）“too…to…”“not…enough

to…”结构【讲解见本书第9课时P56的考点6】

动名词1.

作主语动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Eating

too

much

is

bad

for

your

health.吃得太多对你的健康有害。2.

作宾语动名词作宾语，既可作动词的宾语，又可作介词的宾语，表示经

常性的动作或长期的习惯。如：I

enjoy

reading

books.我喜欢读书。Stamps

are

used

for

sending

letters.邮票是用来寄信的。3.

作定语动名词作定语，只表示它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等，放在

被修饰词之前。如：She

is

in

the

reading

room.她在阅览室里。4.

作表语动名词作表语，多数情况下可转化成主语。如：His

hobby

is

collecting

stamps.＝Collecting

stamps

is

his

hobby.他的

爱好是集邮。常见的后接动名词的动词和短语有：avoid避免consider考虑enjoy喜欢finish完成forget忘记imagine想象keep持续like喜欢mind介意practice练习remember记得suggest建议be

busy

doing

sth.忙于做某事be

worth

doing

sth.值得做某事be/become/get

used

to

doing

sth.习惯于做某事can’t

help

doing

sth.情不自禁做某事feel

like

doing

sth.想要做某事give

up

doing

sth.放弃做某事have

fun

（in）

doing

sth.很开心做某事have

difficulty/trouble

（in）

doing

sth.做某事有困难look

forward

to

doing

sth.期待做某事prefer

doing

sth.to

doing

sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事spend

time

（in）

doing

sth.花费时间做某事

后接动词不定式与动名词的区别

分

词分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词＋-ing”构

成，过去分词的基本形式是“动词＋-ed”，但是也有不规则的形式。

现在分词有主动、进行之意，过去分词有被动、完成之意。1.

作定语如：Do

you

know

the

girl

singing

in

the

room？你认识房间里那个正

在唱歌的女孩吗？Do

you

know

a

girl

called

Linda？你认识一个叫琳达的女孩吗？2.

作状语如：Hearing

the

news，they

all

jumped

with

joy.听到这个消息，他

们都高兴得跳了起来。（时间状语）Bitten

by

the

neighbor’s

dog，he

dares

not

go

there

anymore.由于被

邻居的狗咬了，他再也不敢去那儿了。（原因状语）3.

作表语如：The

opera

is

very

moving.这出歌剧很感人。The

boy

is

too

excited

to

say

a

word.这个男孩激动得说不出话来。4.

作宾语补足语如：Don’t

keep

us

waiting

for

a

long

time.别让我们等太久。He’ll

have

his

car

repaired

tomorrow.他明天要找人修理他的汽车。

一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空1.

（2025西藏）

（remember）

the

sweet

time

of

school

life，students

like

taking

photos

with

classmates.2.

（2025龙东地区改编）—How

do

you

improve

your

English

listening

skills？—I

spend

about

twenty

minutes

（watch）

English

videos

every

day.To

remember

watching

3.

（2025无锡）The

government

decided

to

take

action

（solve）

this

problem.4.

（2025白银）Students

are

asked

（do）

this

task

by

themselves.5.

（2024河南改编）A

young

boy

made

a

living

by

（sell）

fried

dough

sticks（油条）

in

the

market.6.

During

the

16th

century，Europe

saw

rich

developments

in

science，

medicine

and

the

arts.People

had

to

“invent”

words

⁠

（express）

new

ideas.to

solve

to

do

selling

to

express

7.

Remember

to

use

sunglasses

to

stop

the

sun

from

（shine）

directly

in

your

eyes.8.

Most

of

us

enjoy

（listen）

to

our

mothers

speak，because

our

brains

greatly

prefer

the

voices

of

our

own

mothers.shining

listening

二、（2024湖南改编）短文填空人与自我：阅读的魅力As

a

child，I

was

quite

active.I

was

running

around

and

getting

hurt

almost

every

day.My

mom

was

worried.A

neighbor

advised

me

1.

⁠

（learn）

to

fish.I

liked

the

idea，but

my

mom

said

no.She

thought

it

was

dangerous

2.

（get）

close

to

any

body

of

water.to

learn

to

get

At

last，my

mom

got

another

idea.Every

day，she

made

me

3.

.

（sit）

at

the

desk

and

read

for

an

hour.I

hated

4.

（read）

and

cried

a

lot.Then，my

uncle，a

school

teacher，came

to

help.He

led

me

to

my

desk

and

told

me

5.

（pick）

one

book.“Read

just

twenty

pages.If

you

still

feel

bored

after

that，just

6.

（put）

it

down

and

choose

another

one，”he

said.I

started

with

The

Emperor’s

New

Clothes.After

I

read

twenty

pages

as

my

uncle

suggested，I

was

sit

reading/toread

to

pick

put

rolling（打滚）

on

the

floor

7.

（laugh）.What

a

stupid

emperor！

Next，I

re