职称英语等级考试完型填空模拟试题及参考答案

职称英语等级考试完型填空模拟试题及参考答案第一篇完型填空试题Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasbeendefinedinmanyways,butthemostfrequentlyquoteddefinitionisfromtheBrundtlandReportof1987,whichstatesthatsustainabledevelopmentis“developmentthatmeetstheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.”Sustainabledevelopmentisacomplexandmultifacetedconceptthatencompasseseconomic,social,andenvironmentaldimensions.Intheeconomicsphere,sustainabledevelopmentrequiresthateconomicgrowthbe(1)______withenvironmentalprotectionandsocialwellbeing.Thismeansthatbusinessesneedtoadoptpracticesthatarenotonlyprofitablebutalsoenvironmentallyfriendlyandsociallyresponsible.Forexample,companiescaninvestinrenewableenergysources,reducewasteandpollution,andensurefairlaborpractices.Inthesocialdimension,sustainabledevelopmentaimsto(2)______socialequityandinclusion.Thisinvolvesprovidingequalaccesstoeducation,healthcare,andemploymentopportunitiesforallmembersofsociety,regardlessoftheirgender,race,oreconomicstatus.Italsomeanspromotingculturaldiversityandprotectingtherightsofindigenouspeoplesandmarginalizedgroups.Theenvironmentalaspectofsustainabledevelopmentisperhapsthemostwellknown.Itfocuseson(3)______naturalresources,protectingbiodiversity,andreducingtheimpactofhumanactivitiesontheenvironment.Thiscanbeachievedthroughmeasuressuchasreforestation,conservationofwaterresources,andtheuseofcleantechnologies.Oneofthekeychallengesinachievingsustainabledevelopmentisfindingtheright(4)______betweeneconomicgrowth,socialdevelopment,andenvironmentalprotection.Thesethreeaspectsareofteninconflictwitheachother.Forinstance,rapideconomicgrowthmayleadtoincreasedpollutionandresourcedepletion,whilestrictenvironmentalregulationsmay(5)______economicgrowth.Therefore,itisessentialtodeveloppoliciesandstrategiesthatcanbalancethesecompetinginterests.Anotherchallengeisthelackofawarenessandunderstandingofsustainabledevelopmentamongthegeneralpublicanddecisionmakers.Manypeoplestillvieweconomicgrowthasthesoleindicatorofprogressanddonotfullyappreciatetheimportanceofenvironmentalandsocialfactors.Toaddressthisissue,thereisaneedfor(6)______educationandawarenessraisingcampaigns.Inaddition,internationalcooperationiscrucialforsustainabledevelopment.Environmentalproblemssuchasclimatechangeandbiodiversitylossareglobalinnatureandrequireacoordinatedglobalresponse.Countriesneedtoworktogethertoshareknowledge,resources,andtechnologies,andtodevelopcommonpoliciesandtargets.Finally,theroleofbusinessescannotbe(7)______.Theyaremajordriversofeconomicgrowthandhaveasignificantimpactontheenvironmentandsociety.Byadoptingsustainablebusinesspractices,companiescannotonlycontributetotheachievementofsustainabledevelopmentgoalsbutalsoenhancetheirlongtermcompetitiveness.1.A.balancedB.comparedC.combinedD.connected2.A.promoteB.preventC.proposeD.protect3.A.reservingB.preservingC.conservingD.retaining4.A.balanceB.combinationC.connectionD.comparison5.A.boostB.limitC.improveD.support6.A.extensiveB.intensiveC.expensiveD.exclusive7.A.ignoredB.neglectedC.forgottenD.overlooked参考答案1.A。“balanced”表示“平衡的”，这里说经济增长要与环境保护和社会福祉相平衡，符合可持续发展的理念。“compared”是“比较”；“combined”是“结合”；“connected”是“连接”，均不符合语境。2.A。“promote”有“促进”的意思，在社会层面，可持续发展旨在促进社会公平和包容。“prevent”是“阻止”；“propose”是“提议”；“protect”是“保护”，都不合适。3.C。“conserve”强调“节约、保护（资源等）”，这里说环境保护方面要保护自然资源，“conservenaturalresources”是常用搭配。“reserve”主要指“预留、储备”；“preserve”侧重于“保存、维护（文物等）”；“retain”是“保留、保持”。4.A。“findtherightbalance”表示“找到正确的平衡”，根据前文可知，实现可持续发展的关键挑战是在经济增长、社会发展和环境保护之间找到平衡。“combination”是“结合”；“connection”是“联系”；“comparison”是“比较”。5.B。严格的环境法规可能会限制经济增长，“limit”符合文意。“boost”是“促进、推动”；“improve”是“改善”；“support”是“支持”，都与文意不符。6.A。“extensive”表示“广泛的”，需要广泛的教育和提高意识的活动来解决公众和决策者对可持续发展认识不足的问题。“intensive”强调“集中的、密集的”；“expensive”是“昂贵的”；“exclusive”是“排他的、独家的”。7.A。“ignored”表示“被忽视”，这里说企业的作用不能被忽视，因为它们是经济增长的主要驱动力，对环境和社会有重大影响。“neglected”侧重于“疏忽、遗漏”；“forgotten”是“被忘记”；“overlooked”有“忽略、没注意到”的意思，但“ignored”更强调主观上的无视。第二篇完型填空试题TheInternethasbecomeanessentialpartofourdailylives.Ithastransformedthewaywecommunicate,accessinformation,andconductbusiness.However,alongwithitsmanybenefits,theInternetalso(1)______anumberofchallenges,especiallyintheareasofprivacyandsecurity.OneofthemainconcernsregardingInternetprivacyisthecollectionanduseofpersonalinformation.Everytimewevisitawebsite,useamobileapp,ormakeanonlinepurchase,weleavebehindadigitalfootprint.ThisfootprintcanincludeourIPaddress,browsinghistory,locationdata,andevenourcreditcardinformation.Companiesandorganizationsoftencollectthisdataforvariouspurposes,suchastargetedadvertising,marketresearch,andimprovingtheirservices.Whilesomedatacollectionis(2)______andnecessaryfortheproperfunctioningoftheInternet,therearealsoinstanceswherepersonalinformationiscollectedwithouttheuser'sknowledgeorconsent.Thiscanleadtoprivacyviolationsandpotentialidentitytheft.Forexample,hackersmaytryto(3)______intoacompany'sdatabasetostealpersonalinformation,whichcanthenbeusedforfraudulentactivities.AnotheraspectofInternetprivacyistheissueofdatasharing.Manycompaniesshareuserdatawiththirdparties,suchasadvertisingnetworksanddataanalyticsfirms.Whilethesethirdpartiesmayhavelegitimatebusinessreasonsforaccessingthedata,thereisalwaysariskthatthedatamaybemisusedor(4)______.Toaddresstheseprivacyconcerns,therehavebeenseveralinitiativesatboththenationalandinternationallevels.Forexample,theEuropeanUnion'sGeneralDataProtectionRegulation(GDPR)isacomprehensivedataprotectionlawthatgivesusersmorecontrolovertheirpersonalinformation.Itrequirescompaniestobemoretransparentabouttheirdatacollectionandusepracticesandtoobtainexplicitconsentfromusersbeforecollectingtheirdata.Inadditiontoprivacy,Internetsecurityisalsoamajorconcern.TheInternetisavastnetworkthatisvulnerabletovarioustypesofcyberattacks,suchasmalwareinfections,phishingattacks,anddenialofserviceattacks.Malwareismalicioussoftwarethatcaninfectacomputerormobiledeviceandstealsensitiveinformation,suchaspasswordsandcreditcardnumbers.Phishingattacksinvolvetrickingusersintorevealingtheirpersonalinformationbyposingasalegitimateentity,suchasabankoranonlineretailer.Denialofserviceattacksaimtodisruptthenormalfunctioningofawebsiteornetworkbyoverwhelmingitwithtraffic.Toprotectagainstthesecyberattacks,individualsandorganizationsneedtotake(5)______measures.Thisincludesusingstrongpasswords,keepingsoftwareandoperatingsystemsuptodate,andinstallingantivirusandantimalwaresoftware.Additionally,usersshouldbecautiouswhenclickingonlinksordownloadingfilesfromunknownsources,asthesemaybe(6)______tomalware.AnotherimportantaspectofInternetsecurityistheroleofInternetserviceproviders(ISPs)andgovernments.ISPshavearesponsibilitytoensurethesecurityandintegrityoftheirnetworks.Theycanimplementmeasuressuchasfirewallsandintrusiondetectionsystemstopreventunauthorizedaccesstotheirnetworks.Governments,ontheotherhand,canplayarolein(7)______lawsandregulationstoprotectusersfromcyberattacksandenforcepenaltiesforthosewhoengageinillegalcyberactivities.Inconclusion,whiletheInternetoffersnumerousopportunities,italsopresentssignificantchallengesintermsofprivacyandsecurity.Itisessentialthatwetakeappropriatestepstoprotectourpersonalinformationandensurethesecurityofouronlineactivities.1.A.posesB.proposesC.opposesD.exposes2.A.reasonableB.reliableC.responsibleD.respectful3.A.breakB.enterC.accessD.penetrate4.A.disclosedB.discoveredC.distinguishedD.distributed5.A.protectiveB.preventiveC.productiveD.progressive6.A.associatedB.attachedC.infectedD.linked7.A.enactingB.enforcingC.executingD.editing参考答案1.A。“poses”表示“带来、造成”，互联网在带来诸多好处的同时，也带来了一些挑战，符合语境。“proposes”是“提议”；“opposes”是“反对”；“exposes”是“暴露”。2.A。“reasonable”表示“合理的”，一些数据收集是合理且对于互联网的正常运行是必要的。“reliable”是“可靠的”；“responsible”是“负责的”；“respectful”是“有礼貌的”。3.A。“breakinto”是固定短语，意为“闯入、侵入”，黑客试图闯入公司数据库窃取个人信息，符合文意。“enter”虽然也有“进入”的意思，但“breakinto”更强调非法进入；“access”主要指“使用、访问”；“penetrate”侧重于“穿透、渗透”。4.A。“disclosed”表示“泄露”，数据可能被滥用或泄露，符合语境。“discovered”是“发现”；“distinguished”是“区分、辨别”；“distributed”是“分发、分配”。5.B。“preventive”表示“预防性的”，个人和组织需要采取预防性措施来防范网络攻击。“protective”强调“保护性的”；“productive”是“富有成效的”；“progressive”是“进步的”。6.C。“infected”表示“感染”，用户点击来自未知来源的链接或下载文件时要小心，因为这些可能感染了恶意软件。“associated”是“关联”；“attached”是“附加”；“linked”是“连接”。7.A。“enacting”表示“制定（法律等）”，政府可以在制定法律和法规方面发挥作用，以保护用户免受网络攻击。“enforcing”是“执行”；“executing”主要指“执行（任务等）”；“editing”是“编辑”。第三篇完型填空试题Healthisoneofthemostimportantaspectsofourlives.Itaffectsourphysical,mental,andsocialwellbeing.Maintaininggoodhealthrequiresacombinationofahealthydiet,regularexercise,andapositivelifestyle.Ahealthydietisessentialforgoodhealth.Itshouldincludeavarietyoffoodsfromallthemajorfoodgroups,suchasfruits,vegetables,grains,proteins,anddairyproducts.Fruitsandvegetablesarerichinvitamins,minerals,andantioxidants,whichhelpto(1)______theimmunesystemandprotectthebodyagainstdiseases.Grains,suchaswholewheatbreadandbrownrice,provideenergyandfiber,whichareimportantfordigestion.Proteins,foundinmeat,fish,beans,andnuts,arenecessaryforthegrowthandrepairofbodytissues.Dairyproducts,likemilkandyogurt,aregoodsourcesofcalcium,whichisessentialforstrongbonesandteeth.Inadditiontoabalanceddiet,regularexerciseisalsocrucialformaintaininggoodhealth.Exercisehelpsto(2)______theheartandlungs,strengthenmuscles,andimproveflexibility.Itcanalsoreducetheriskofchronicdiseases,suchasheartdisease,diabetes,andobesity.Therearemanydifferenttypesofexercise,includingaerobicexercises,suchasrunning,swimming,andcycling,andstrengthtrainingexercises,suchasweightliftingandpushups.Apositivelifestyleisanotherimportantfactorinmaintaininggoodhealth.Thisincludesgettingenoughsleep,managingstress,andavoidingharmfulhabits,suchassmokingandexcessivealcoholconsumption.Sleepisessentialforthebodytorestandrecover.Lackofsleepcanleadtofatigue,irritability,andaweakenedimmunesystem.Stressmanagementtechniques,suchasmeditation,yoga,anddeepbreathingexercises,canhelpto(3)______stresslevelsandimprovementalhealth.However,despitethewellknownbenefitsofahealthylifestyle,manypeoplestillstruggletoadoptandmaintainit.Oneofthemainreasonsforthisisthe(4)______oftime.Intoday'sfastpacedworld,peopleoftenhavebusyschedulesandfinditdifficulttomaketimeforhealthyeating,exercise,andrelaxation.Anotherreasonistheinfluenceoftheenvironment.Ourmodernenvironmentisfilledwith(5)______foodoptions,suchasfastfoodandprocessedsnacks,whichareoftenhighincalories,sugar,andfat.Theseunhealthyfoodsareoftenmoreconvenientandcheaperthanhealthyalternatives,makingthemmoreappealingtomanypeople.Inaddition,thesedentarynatureofmodernjobsandlifestylesalsocontributestotheproblem.Manypeoplespendlonghourssittingatadeskorinfrontofacomputer,whichcanleadtoalackofphysicalactivity.Toaddressthesechallenges,thereisaneedfor(6)______interventions.Governmentsandpublichealthorganizationscanplayaroleinpromotinghealthylifestylesthrougheducationandpolicymeasures.Forexample,theycanprovidenutritioneducationinschools,promotephysicalactivityinthecommunity,andimplementpoliciestomakehealthyfoodsmoreaccessibleandaffordable.Individualsalsoneedtotakeresponsibilityfortheirownhealth.Theycanstartbymakingsmallchangestotheirdailyroutines,suchastakingthestairsinsteadoftheelevator,choosingahealthysnackoverajunkfood,andgettingenoughsleep.Bymakingthesesmallchanges,theycangradually(7)______toahealthierlifestyle.1.A.strengthenB.enhanceC.improveD.reinforce2.A.trainB.exerciseC.workD.condition3.A.reduceB.relieveC.releaseD.remove4.A.scarcityB.shortageC.lackD.absence5.A.unhealthyB.unwholesomeC.unfitD.improper6.A.collectiveB.collaborativeC.comprehensiveD.conclusive7.A.adaptB.adjustC.adoptD.adhere参考答案1.A。“strengthen”强调“增强、强化”，水果和蔬菜中的营养成分有助于增强免疫系统，“strengthentheimmunesystem”是常用搭配。“enhance”更侧重于“提高、提升（品质等）”；“improve”是“改善”；“reinforce”主要指“加强（结构等）”。2.D。“condition”在这里作动词，有“使适应、使健康”的意思，运动有助于使心脏和肺部适应运动状态，增强其功能。“train”主要指“训练（人或动物）”；“exercise”作动词时就是“锻炼”，但这里用“condition”更合适；“work”一般不这样搭配。3.A。“reduce”表示“降低、减少”，压力管理技巧可以帮助降低压力水平，符合文意。“relieve”强调“缓解（痛苦等）”；“release”是“释放”；“remove”是“移除”。4.C。“lack”表示“缺乏”，很多人难以采用和保持健康生活方式的主要原因之一是缺乏时间，“lackoftime”是常用表达。“scarcity”强调“稀缺”，一般用于资源等方面；“shortage”侧重于“短缺”；“absence”是“缺席、不在”。5.A。“unhealthy”表示“不健康的”，现代环境中有很多不健康的食物选择，符合语境。“unwholesome”也有“不健康的”意思，但更强调对健康有不良影响的性质；“unfit”主要指“不适合的”；“improper”是“不合适的”。6.C。“comprehensive”表示“全面的、综合的”，需要全面的干预措施来解决人们难以保持健康生活方式的问题。“collective”强调“集体的”；“collaborative”是“合作的”；“conclusive”是“决定性的”。7.B。“adjustto”表示“适应”，通过做出小的改变，人们可以逐渐适应更健康的生活方式。“adaptto”也有“适应”的意思，但“adjustto”更侧重于逐渐调整以适应；“adopt”是“采用、采纳”；“adhereto”是“坚持”。第四篇完型填空试题Theworldisfacingaseriousenergycrisis.Thedemandforenergyisincreasingrapidly,whilethesupplyoftraditionalfossilfuels,suchascoal,oil,andnaturalgas,islimitedand(1)______torunoutinthefuture.Thishasledtoagrowinginterestinalternativeenergysources,suchassolar,wind,hydro,andgeothermalenergy.Solarenergyisoneofthemostpromisingalternativeenergysources.Itisclean,renewable,andabundant.Thesunprovidesanalmostunlimitedamountofenergy,whichcanbeharnessedthroughsolarpanels.Solarpanelsconvertsunlightintoelectricity,whichcanbeusedtopowerhomes,businesses,andevenvehicles.Windenergyisanotherimportantalternativeenergysource.Windturbinesareusedtoconvertthekineticenergyofthewindintoelectricalenergy.Windfarms,whichconsistofmultiplewindturbines,arebeingbuiltinmanypartsoftheworld.However,windenergyalsohassomelimitations.Itis(2)______ontheavailabilityofwind,andwindturbinescanbenoisyandmayhaveanimpactonwildlife.Hydroelectricpowerisgeneratedbytheforceoffallingwater.Damsarebuiltacrossriverstocreatereservoirs,andthewaterisreleasedthroughturbinestogenerateelectricity.Hydroelectricpowerisareliableandestablishedsourceofenergy,butitalsohasenvironmentalandsocialimpacts.Buildingdamscan(3)______largeareasofland,displacelocalcommunities,anddisruptthenaturalflowofrivers.GeothermalenergyisderivedfromtheheatwithintheEarth.Itcanbeusedforheatingandcoolingbuildings,aswellasforgeneratingelectricity.Geothermalpowerplantsusehotwaterorsteamfromundergroundtodriveturbines.Whilegeothermalenergyisacleanandrenewablesource,itisonlyavailableincertainregionswheretheEarth'sheatiseasilyaccessible.Inadditiontothesealternativeenergysources,thereisalsoagrowinginterestinbioenergy.Bioenergyisproducedfromorganicmatter,suchasplantsandagriculturalwaste.Itcanbeusedtoproducebiofuels,suchasethanolandbiodiesel,whichcanbeusedassubstitutesforgasolineanddiesel.Bioenergyhasthepotentialtoreducegreenhousegasemissionsandprovideasustainablesourceofenergy.However,thedevelopmentandwidespreaduseofalternativeenergysourcesfaceseveralchallenges.Oneofthemainchallengesisthehigh(4)______.Theinitialinvestmentrequiredforbuildingsolarpanels,windturbines,andotheralternativeenergyinfrastructureisoftenveryhigh.Thismakesitdifficultforsomecountriesandbusinessestoaffordthesetechnologies.Anotherchallengeisthe(5)______ofenergystorage.Unliketraditionalfossilfuels,whichcanbestoredeasily,alternativeenergysourcesareoftenintermittent.Forexample,solarenergyisonlyavailableduringtheday,andwindenergydependsonthewind.Therefore,findingeffectivewaystostoreenergyiscrucialforthewidespreaduseofalternativeenergysources.Inaddition,therearealsoregulatoryandpolicychallenges.Manycountrieslackclearandconsistentpoliciesandregulationsforthedevelopmentanduseofalternativeenergysources.Thiscancreateuncertaintyforinvestorsandslowdownthe(6)______ofthesetechnologies.Finally,publicawarenessandacceptancearealsoimportantfactors.Somepeoplemaybeopposedtotheconstructionofwindfarmsorsolarpowerplantsduetoaestheticorenvironmentalconcerns.Therefore,thereisaneedfor(7)______educationandcommunicationtoincreasepublicunderstandingandsupportforalternativeenergysources.1.A.likelyB.possibleC.probableD.liable2.A.dependentB.reliableC.reliableonD.dependable3.A.occupyB.coverC.takeD.seize4.A.expenseB.costC.priceD.charge5.A.problemB.issueC.questionD.matter6.A.developmentB.growthC.progressD.advancement7.A.extensiveB.intensiveC.expensiveD.exclusive参考答案1.A。“likely”常用于“belikelytodo”结构，表示“很可能做某事”，传统化石燃料未来很可能耗尽，符合语境。“possible”和“probable”一般不用人或物作主语；“liable”侧重于“有……倾向的、可能遭受……的”。2.A。“dependenton”表示“依赖于、取决于”，风能依赖于风的存在，符合文意。“reliable”是“可靠的”；“dependable”也是“可靠的”；“reliableon”表述错误。3.A。“occupy”表示“占用、占据”，修建大坝会占用大片土地，符合语境。“cover”主要指“覆盖”；“take”有“花费（时间等）、拿走”等意思；“seize”是“抓住、夺取”。4.B。“cost”可指“成本、费用”，开发替代能源面临的主要挑战之一是高成本，“thehighcost”符合表达习惯。“expense”侧重于“开支、费用”；“price”主要指“价格”；“charge”一般指“收费”。5.B。“issue”常指“问题、议题”，能源存储问题是替代能源广泛使用面临的一个重要方面，“theissueofenergystorage”合适。“problem”强调“难题、困难”；“question”主要指“问题（需要回答的）”；“matter”侧重于“事情、情况”。6.A。“development”表示“发展”，缺乏明确一致的政策和法规会减慢这些技术的发展，“thedevelopmentofthesetechnologies”符合文意。“growth”强调“增长”；“progress”侧重于“进步”；“advancement”有“前进、进步”的意思，但“development”更常用。7.A。“extensive”表示“广泛的”，需要广泛的教育和沟通来提高公众对替代能源的理解和支持，符合语境。“intensive”强调“集中的、密集的”；“expensive”是“昂贵的”；“exclusive”是“排他的、独家的”。第五篇完型填空试题Educationisthefoundationofaprosperousandprogressivesociety.Itplaysacrucialroleinshapingindividuals,developinghumancapital,anddrivingeconomicgrowth.However,thequalityofeducationvariessignificantlyaroundtheworld,andtherearestillmanychallengestobeaddressed.Oneofthekeyissuesineducationisaccess.Inmanydevelopingcountries,alargenumberofchildren,especiallygirls,donothaveaccesstoeducation.Thisisduetoavarietyoffactors,suchaspoverty,lackofinfrastructure,andculturalbarriers.Povertyoftenforcesfamiliesto(1)______theirchildrenoutofschooltoworkandearnmoney.Lackofproperschools,teachers,andeducationalmaterialsalsomakesitdifficultforchildrentoreceiveaqualityeducation.Inaddition,culturalbarrierscanpreventgirlsfromattendingschool.Insomesocieties,thereisatraditionalbeliefthatgirlsshouldfocusonhouseholdchoresandmarriageratherthaneducation.This(2)______attitudetowardsgirls'educationneedstobechangedinordertoensureequalopportunitiesforallchildren.Anotherimportantaspectofeducationisthequalityofteaching.Goodteachersareessentialforeffectivelearning.Theyneedtobewelltrained,motivated,and(3)______withthelatestteachingmethodsandtechnologies.However,inmanypartsoftheworld,thereisashortageofqualifiedteachers.Thiscanleadtolargeclasssizes,whichmakeitdifficultforteacherstogiveindividualattentiontostudents.Moreover,thecurriculumalsoplaysavitalroleineducation.Arelevantanduptodatecurriculumcanengagestudentsandpreparethemforthechallengesofthefuture.Itshouldincludeabalanceofacademicsubjects,suchasmathematics,science,andlanguage,aswellaspracticalskills,suchascriticalthinking,problemsolving,andcommunication.However,insomecases,thecurriculumisoutdatedanddoesnotmeettheneedsofthemodernworld.Technologyhasthepotentialto(4)______education.Itcanprovideaccesstoavastamountofinformation,facilitatecommunicationbetweenteachersandstudents,andoffernewwaysoflearning.Forexample,onlinecoursesandeducationalappscanbeusedtosupplementtraditionalclassroomteaching.However,thedigitaldividebetweendevelopedanddevelopingcountriesisamajorobstacle.Inmanydevelopingcountries,thereislimitedaccesstotechnologyandtheInternet,which(5)______studentsfrombenefitingfromthesetechnologicaladvancements.Toaddressthesechallenges,thereisaneedforcomprehensiveandcoo