2026届上海市黄浦区高三上学期一模（期终调研测试）英语试卷

2026届上海市黄浦区高三上学期一模（期终调研测试）英语试卷一、语法填空Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.DelhidividedoverfeedinghomelessdogsMeghaMalhotrahasbeenfeedinghomelessdogsforalmosttwoyears.Everyevening,sheplacesfoodatafeedingspotnearherbuilding’sexitgate.Butinrecentweeks,she1(sense)growinguneaseamongresidentseverytimesheputsoutthefood.Somehaveevenchallengedher,insistingshestop.2(feed)theanimals.MsMalhotrasayssheusuallypreferstostaycalminsuchsituations,buttherehavebeeninstances3she’shadtobefirmer.InAugust,theSupremecourtmodifieditsearlierorderrequiringallhomelessdogsinDelhi4(send)intoshelters.Itinsteadruledthatdogsmustbereturnedtotheirneighbourhood—butwithawaningthatviolentdogsshouldgotoshelters.Yetsomeresidentsinterpretedthis5ablanketpreventiononfeedingdogs.”Thereisfearinthemindsofpeoplethatthedogswouldattackthem.Theydon’trealizethattheseanimalsjustneedloveandcare,”MsMalhotrasays.HomelessdogsareafamiliarpresenceacrossIndiancities,particularlyinDelhi.which6(estimate)tohaveclosetoonemillion—thoughtherehasbeennoofficialcountcarriedoutinthelastdecade.Thesedogsareseensostronglyaspartofthecommunity7theysharedailylifewithpeopleanddependonthemforfood.However,arisingnumberofpeopleinDelhisaytheyfeardogbitesandgroupsofhomelessdogscanoftenbeseenchasingchildrenandtheelderly.Governmentdatashowsthattherewere3.7million8(report)casesofdogbitesacrossthecountryin2024.“But9isclearisthatfeedersaren’ttheproblem—they’repartofthesolution,”saysactivistAmbikaShukla.”Theyaretheoneskeepingdogsgentleandtheirpresencemakesit10(easy)topickthemupandloadthemintovans(货运车).”二、选词填空Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.combiningB.defenselessC.diversifiedD.efficiencyE.mixedF.originsG.possibilitiesH.previouslyI.promisingJ.reasonablyK.transformedWhat’saPotato?ANine-Million-Year-OldTomato.Asafoodstuff,thepotatocanbebaked,boiled,friedandmore.Asacrop,itisamongtheworld’smostimportant,withmorethan350milliontonsproducedannually.Its11—itrequireslesslandthanrice—anditsabilitytogrowinavarietyofenvironmentshasmadeitessentialtoglobalfoodsecurity.Forallthat,theplant’s12haveremainedunclear.AccordingtoastudypublishedonJuly24,2025,potatoesmayhavearisenninemillionyearsagothroughthe13ofgenetic(基因的)materialfromEtuberosum,agroupofpotato-likeplantsfromSouthAmerica,andwildtomatoplants.Accordingtothestudy,thishybridizationeventledtothebirthofthepotatoplant’suniquefeature,thetuber,anundergroundstructurewhich,ashumanseventuallydiscovered,iseatable.Butwhydopotatoeslooklikeoneplantbutsharerelationshipwithanother?Theresearchersfoundthatthemodernpotatohada(n).14ancestry,whicharosefromahybridtomatoandEtuberosumfamilieseightmilliontoninemillionyearsagoandledtothestartoftubers.Thishybridizationmayhave15potatospeciesandenabledthemtoexpandtheirrangeacrosscoldregions.Itwasaverywell-donestudy,indicatingthatthegenesresponsiblefortuberformationwereacombinationofthegeneticmaterialfromeachevolutionaryparent.PingxianZhangfromtheChineseAcademyforAgriculturalSciencesexpressedexcitementatthe16forfuturestudies.Onlyahandfulofpotatospeciesareplanted,andimprovingonthemhasposedchallenges:Asacrop,theyaretypicallyspreadthroughcloning,whichlimitstheirgeneticvarietyandmakesthemmore17todiseases.Engineeringpotatoeswithgeneticmaterialfromtomatoescouldbea(n)18wayforward,Dr.Zhangsaid.Inthelastfewyears,researchershavebeenabletoanalyzegenomesatamuchlargerscalethanbeforeandinfer19mysteriousevolutionaryconnections.Thesestudieshave20ourunderstandingofwhatmighthaveoccurredinthepast.三、完形填空Mostofussometimesfailtopracticewhatwespeak.That’sasoliddefinitionofhypocrisy.Whilewe’re________tospotthismoralinconsistencyinothers,wehaveahardtimerecognizingitinourselves.Andstudiesshowthatthepeoplewemostliketolabelashypocritesareourenemies—surprise!—andotherswhowethinkaren’tlikeus.We’remotivatedtoseeotherpeopleashypocriticalbecauseithelpsuswinarguments,butwetendto________ourowninconsistency.We’reoftenannoyedbyotherpeople’shypocrisybecauseitseems________.Wethinkthattheyare________implyingtoothersthattheyarebetterthantheyactuallyare.Nobodylikesbeingahypocrite.Yet,________it’simpossibletoalwaysactconsistently,becausedifferentsituationsmayrequiredifferentresponses.Takeparenting,forexample.Youmayreasonablylectureyourteenageronthedangersofdrinkingtoomuch,yetyoudidexactlythatonoccasionwhenyouwereincollege.Acollegestudentwhodoesn’teatmeatbecauseshelovesanimalsadmittedthatshesometimeswore“cute”________shoes.Sincewe’reabletosoeasilyspothypocrisyinothers,howcanwebecomebetteratspottingand________itinourselves?Tostartwith,wecan________thatitisnormaltobeinconsistentsometimes.Andrememberthathypocrisyisjustone________forthebehavior.DanielEffron,aprofessorwhohasstudiedhypocrisy,________labelingotherpeopleashypocrites.“Itcanstopyoufrom________thesubstanceoftheirargument,”hesays.Italsotakessome________toidentifyourownhypocrisy.Askyourself:“AmIbehavinginawaythatisconsistentwiththeviewsIam________?”Ifyoudodecidethatyou’rebeinghypocritical,admitit.Researchshowsthatwhenpeopleare________theirownhypocrisy,otherstendtoforgivethemfornotbeingconsistent.Andhere’ssomegoodnews:Peoplewhonoticetheirownhypocriticalbehavioroftenaremotivatedtochangebecausethe________ofadvocatingforsomethingbutnotactuallydoingitmakespeopleveryuncomfortable.Ratherthanfeelingashamedaboutourhypocrisy,weshouldwelcometheopportunitytolearntodobetternexttime.21.A．foolishB．goodC．quickD．unwilling22.A．demonstrateB．hideC．improveD．justify23.A．disorderlyB．illogicalC．impoliteD．unfair24.A．automaticallyB．falselyC．generallyD．strongly25.A．afterallB．asaresultC．inrealityD．what’smore26.A．gymB．leatherC．rubberD．track27.A．analyzingB．ignoringC．illustratingD．preventing28.A．acceptB．checkC．considerD．prove29.A．basisB．exampleC．explanationD．misunderstanding30.A．actsonB．givesupC．turnstoD．warnsagainst31.A．contributingtoB．engaginginC．questioningaboutD．summarizinginto32.A．self-confidenceB．self-disciplineC．self-reflectionD．self-respect33.A．adoptingB．challengingC．clarifyingD．discussing34.A．alarmedatB．blindtoC．honestaboutD．tiredof35.A．avoidanceB．disagreementC．ignoranceD．resolution四、阅读理解JudgeCaprio,whoretiredfromProvidenceMunicipalCourtin2023afteralmost40years,saidhiscourtroomwaswherepeopleandcasesweremetwithkindnessandsympathy.Itwashisshow,“CaughtinProvidence,”firstseenonTVinProvidencein1988,thatmadehimfamouslaterinhislife.Theshowbroadcastrealproceedingsforsmalldrivingmistakes,housingandzoningissues,andminorillegalactsinsideacitycourtroom.Theshowbeganattractingnationalattentioninabout2017,whenvideoclipswerepostedonline.ItfeaturedfreshepisodesdirectlyfromJudgeCaprio’scourtroom,makinghimafamous80-year-oldstar.Bytheendofthe2010s,about200stationsacrossthecountrycarriedtheprogram.Inonepopularclip,JudgeCapriotossedoutaspeedingchargeagainsta96-year-oldmanafterlearningthathehadbeendrivinghissontocancertreatment.“YoureallyarewhatAmericaisallabout,”JudgeCapriotoldtheman.“Hereyouareinyour90s,andyou’restilltakingcareofyourfamily.That’sjustawonderfulthing.”JudgeCaprio’scourthouseisinFederalHill,aneighborhoodthatinthe1920sbecameoneofthemostheavilypopulatedItalianAmericancommunitiesinthecountry.Hewasbornin1936andhisfatherworkedasafruitpack-manandmilkman.HetoldaProvidenceCollegepublicationthatherecalledgatheringclosewithhisfamilyinwinters“withtheovendooropensowecouldgetheat.”Ononeofthosenights,hisfathertoldhimthathewouldbecomealawyersomeday.“Lookaround,ifIneededalawyer,Icouldnotaffordone,”hisfathertoldhim.“Rememberthat.Youcanneverforgetwhereyoucamefrom.”Asachild,JudgeCaprioshinedshoes,deliverednewspapersandworkedonamilktruck.Helatersaidthatthisupbringinggavehimthesympatheticperspectivehebroughttohiscourtroom.“Hewasmorethananexpertinlaw—hewasasymbolofunderstandingasajudge,showinguswhatispossiblewhenjusticeistemperedwithhumanity.”Gov.DanMcKeeofRhodeIslandsaidinastatementafterJudgeCaprio’sdeathinAugust,2025.36.“CaughtinProvidence”ischaracterizedby_________.

A．settingupapositiveimageforlawyersB．solvingviolentcrimetrialsC．showingrealcourtroomcasesD．filmingcasesacrossmultiplestates37.Theunderlinedphrase“tossout”(paragraph4)isclosestinmeaningto“_________”.

A．beatB．fightC．reduceD．withdraw38.WhatcanbeconcludedfromJudgeCaprio’schildhoodexperience?

A．Hedevelopedasenseofcareforothers.B．Fearofsystemfaultskepthimfromcases.C．Hechosetobealawyeraftertryingdifferentjobs.D．Itwashardforhimtomakealivingincoldweather.39.JudgeCapriobelievedthat_________.

A．justicecouldbebothfirmandcaringB．thelawshouldtreattheelderlywithmercyC．atroubledchildhoodcoulddriveonetopursueD．triallive-streamingwasagreatwaytogainfameMetsikaPrivacyYourprivacyisimportanttousAboutMetsikaMetsikaisthemostpowerfulanti-spam(垃圾信息)servicefortheweb.Metsikaworksbycheckingallyourcommentsagainstourconstantly-growingglobalspamdatabasetoremoveirrelevant,nastycontentbeforeitgetspublishedanddamagesyoursite’scredibility.WhenMetsikaisenabledonyoursite,onlythepersonaldataneededtocarryoutMetsika’scorefunctionofprotectingyoursiteagainstcommentspamiscollectedfromcommentersonyoursite.WedonotsellthedatayousendtotheMetsikaservice,andwedonotkeepitforlong.Wekeepthedatabetweentwoweeksandninetydaysforthevastmajorityofourspam-relateddata,atwhichpointitisautomaticallydeletedfromourdatabases.Anyonecanswitchoffalllong-termtrackingfortheverysmallsubsetofdatawedokeeplongerbyusingourcontactform.WhoweareandwhatwestandforMetsikaisbroughttoyoubyBotumittac,themakersofPressW,Jatpeck,andDeeCommerce.We’reacompanywith2,000employeesacross90countriesspeaking80differentlanguages.Ourcommongoalistomakepublishingaccessibletoeveryonesothatanyonewithastorycantellit,regardlessofincome,gender,politics,language,orwheretheyliveintheworld.YoucanreadmoreaboutBotumittaconourAboutUspage.FormoreinformationPrivacyTermsWe’vedecidedtomaketheseTermsavailableunderaCreativeCommonsSharealikelicense.You’remorethanwelcometocopythem,adaptthem,andrepurposethemforyourownuse.IfyoudousetheseTerms,we’dappreciateacreditandlinktoMsomewhereonyourwebsite.40.From“AboutMetsika”,weknowMetsikaintendsto______.

A．providemoredatafortheglobalspamdatabaseB．switchoffmostlong-termtrackingautomaticallyC．helpwebsitesprotectagainstharmfulspamcommentsD．deletecollecteddatastoredforlongerthantwoweeks41.WhatisthefocusofBotumittac?

A．Awebsitethatyou’dliketodefendagainstspam.B．Itsemployees’righttotellstoriesindifferentlanguages.C．ThemakersofPressW,Jatpeck,andDeeCommerce.D．Everyone’sopportunitytosharetheirstoriesthroughpublishing.42.ForawebsitethatwantstouseTerms,Metsikasuggestsitshouldpresent“________”onthesite.

A．HardtodecidewhethertocopyoradapttheTerms?Clickhere.B．ThissiteusesMetsikaunderaCreativeCommonsSharealikelicense.C．We’verepurposedtheseTermsonourwebsite.WelcometousetheTerms.D．ThissiteusesMetsikatoreducespam.Learnhowyourcommentdataisprocessed.Ilovethewaycloudsfloatabovemyhead.Theseever-shiftingsculpturesofvapor(蒸气)andlightareamongnature’sleastappreciatedmarvels.Howexactlycloudcoverwillshiftinawarmingworldisanyone’sguess.Cloudsdon’tjustlookdifferentfromoneanother;theyalsohaveverydifferenteffectsontemperaturesatthesurfaceofthelandorwaterbelow.Thesedifferenceshavetodowithhowmuchofthesun’sheattheyallowthroughandhowmuchofEarth’sheattheytrapin.Lowcloudstypicallyhaveacoolingeffect.Muchofthesun’sraysarereflectedofftheirwhitetopsbackupintospace.Andtheyareheavyenoughtocastshadows,coolingthesurfacebelow.Sincetheirwaterdropsarewarmer,they’reasgoodatgivingoffEarth’sheatupintospaceastheyareatabsorbingitfrombelow.Highcloudsdotheopposite,warmingEarth’ssurface.Contrarytocommonbelief,thisisbecausetheicecrystals(冰晶)inthesecloudsarecold.Highcloudsareoftennotasheavy,sotheycanletinmoreofthesun’srays.Butsincetheyarecold,theydon’tsendoutasmuchofEarth’sheatintospace—morelikeblanketsthanumbrellas,resultinginawarmingeffect.Themixofcloudtypesoverourplanetensurestheyhaveanoverallcoolingeffectbecausetheshadefromthelowcloudsoutweighsthewarmingeffectofthehighones.Yetastemperaturesrise,lowcloudsmaydeclinewhilehighcloudspersist,creatingaclimatefeedbackloop—aself-enhancingcyclesimilartoaclassicfeedbackmechanism.InarecentpaperinthejournalScience,reducedlowcloudcovercontributedabout0.2℃to2023’srecord-breakingaverageglobaltemperatures.Inotherwords,thereductioninEarth’slowcloudshelpedexplainsomeoftheextremeheatthatyear.Climatefeedbackloopsbroughtonbycloudshavebeenidentifiedasoneofthelargestunknownsinprojectionsofwarming.Aswelearnmoreaboutthepotentialtippingpointsofourclimate—irreversiblechangesinthesystem—wemayfindourselvesapproachingonetooquicklyfordecarbonizationeffortsalonetopreventit.Someunderstandingofthelikelyeffectsofgeoengineeringprojectssuchascloudbrighteningwillthenbeinvaluable,nomatterhowmisguidedsuchinterventionsmightseem.Ifcloudsarechanging,thensoshouldthewaywestudythem.Itrequiresallofustolookupandtakenotice.43.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementscorrectlydescribesclouds?

A．Lowcloudsarenotasheavyashighclouds.B．Thickwhitecloudswarmthegroundbytrappingheat.C．Warmwaterdropsofhighcloudsreleaseandabsorbheatequally.D．Cloudsdifferinhowtheyletinthesun’sheatandtrapEarth’sheat.44.Accordingtothepassage,aclimatefeedbackloopisacyclethat_________.

A．speedsuptheverywarmingthatactivateditB．enhancescoolingbypromotinglowcloudformationC．reduceshighcloudcovertoboostsunlightreflectionD．balanceswarmingandcoolingeffectsatthesametime45.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutthewriter’sopinion?

A．Decarbonizationmayinfluencehowcloudsform.B．Cloudsmayofferawaytoaddressglobalwarming.C．Cloud-basedgeoengineeringprojectsmaybeworthless.D．Studyingcloudscantelluswhenthetippingpointarrives.46.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A．Actionableclimatesolutions.B．Changesinhowlowandhighcloudsmove.C．Linksbetweencloudsandglobalwarming.D．Approachestoappreciatingcloudbeauty.AccordingtoUNEP’sFoodWasteIndexReport2024,1.05billiontonsoffoodwerewastedgloballyin2024,with28%comingfromfoodservice.47“Wastedfoodmeanswastedresourceslikeland,water,energyandlabour,andonceinlandfill(垃圾填埋坑),itreleasesgreenhousegasesthatharmtheplanetandbiodiversity,”saysJocelynDoyle,headofmarketing&communications,TheSustainableHotelAssociation.“Cuttingfoodwasteisapowerfulwaytomakeadifference—andbreakfastisasmartplacetostart.”48ScandicHotelsinNorthernEuropearedownsizingtheircakes,pastriesandmuffins,withtheoptiontocomebackformore;whileHiltonFrankfurtservespre-portioneditemslikeyogurtandfruitcups.NovotelBangkokSukhumvitpostspoliteremindersnearbuffetstations:“Takeonlywhatyoucaneat.”Thisshiftworkswellforthemoderntravellerforwhomsustainabilityisnolongerasidenote.49Strikingtherightbalancebetweensustainabilityandserviceisnosmallact,especiallyatbreakfast.Manyhotelsnowtrackhowmuchfoodisthrownawaytodeterminethebuffet’sbaselineneeds.Doylealsosuggeststhathotelsreconsiderunder-consumeditems,installcook-to-orderstations,reducetheselectionofitemsonoffer,reducevolumestowardstheendofshiftandactivelyguideguestbehaviour.“Involveandeducateyourstaffsotheyunderstandthechangesandcanconfidentlyengageguests,”hesays.“50”.

A．Hotelsacrosstheworldareadoptingdelicatedesignchoicestomeetthisgoal.B．Travelsettingsactivateavacationmindsetwhereimmoderationfeelsjustright.C．Buffetsoftenleadtoovereatingduetothe“varietyeffect”—morechoiceencouragesgreaterconsumption.D．Buffetbreakfastsareamongtheworstwrongdoers,generatingmorethantwiceasmuchwasteasplatedbreakfasts.E．Shareyoureffortsthroughwebsiteandsocialmediaupdates,andusebuffetsignstomakeguestsfeelpartofthesolution.F．Whilemanytravellersareleaningtowardsmoreintentional,low-wastedining,hotelsstillfacethecomplextaskofmeetingdiverseguestexpectations.五、书面表达51.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.FawningDoyoueverfeel,withoutanyproof,thateveryonehatesyou?Ifyouranswerisyes,youarenotalone.Itcanoccurafteraneighbordoesn’tsayhello.It’shearingthatthebosswantstochatwithyouandimmediatelyassumingyou’regoingtobefired.Thestrategyusedtokeepthepainfulfeelingawayisfawning,anextremeformofpeoplepleasing.Whilefawningcanhelpprotectyousometimes,youmaygettrapped:yoururgetoscanforthreatsandreadothers’feelingsgoesintooverdrive,makingyouseedangerevenwhenyou’resafe.Then,howtostoptheurgetofawn?Firstly,youcanchallengeyourinsightthatsomeoneismadatyoubyaskingsomequestions.Forexample,whenafrienddoesn’ttextyouback,yousometimesthink,“Ohmygosh,isitsomethingIsaid?”Thenyouremindyourselfofthemanytimesthatyou’vereceivedatextthatlatersaid,“Sorry,Iwasinameeting.”So,it’shelpfultopauseandremindyourselfthatyouranxiousmindhasliedtoyouinthepast.Also,checkfawningbehavior