2026年外贸业务英语笔试练习题目

2026年外贸业务英语笔试练习题目一、单选题（共10题，每题2分，总计20分）考察点：国际贸易术语（Incoterms）、支付方式、贸易流程基础。地域/行业针对性：东南亚电子产品出口、跨境电商B2B模式。1.WhenasellershipsgoodsunderFOBtermsandthebuyerarrangesinsurance,theriskoflosspassestothebuyerwhen:A.Thegoodsareloadedontothevesselattheseller'sportB.Thegoodsaredeliveredtothebuyer'swarehouseC.Thegoodscrosstheship'srailD.ThesellerhandsovertheBillofLadingtothebuyer答案：C解析：FOB术语下，风险以货物越过船舷（船的rails）为界转移。2.Whichofthefollowingisthemostsecurepaymentmethodforhigh-valuemachineryexportsfromChinatoGermany?A.LetterofCredit(L/C)atsightB.OpenAccount(O/A)C.Paymentbybanktransfer(T/T)inadvanceD.ConfirmingHouseCredit答案：A解析：L/Catsight保障性最高，银行信用背书，适合重型机械交易。3.IfaThaibuyerrequestsa30-daytradecreditunderanL/C,thecorrecttermshouldbewrittenas:A."30daysaftersight"B."30daysfromdateofshipment"C."30daysfromdateofL/Cissue"D."30daysafterL/Cacceptance"答案：B解析：L/C信用期从装运日算起，需明确"30daysfromshipmentdate"。4.UnderCIFterms,whoisresponsibleforpayingforoceanfreight?A.ThebuyerB.ThesellerC.TheshippingcompanyD.Theinsurancecompany答案：B解析：CIF（成本加运费加保险费）中，卖方负责安排运输和保险。5.Whatdoes"EXW(ExWorks)"meaninatradecontract?A.ThesellerdeliversgoodsattheirfactoryandbearsallrisksafterwardB.ThesellerisresponsibleforexportcustomsclearanceC.Thebuyermustcollectgoodsfromtheseller'swarehouseD.Thesellershipsgoodsfreeofchargetothebuyer'scountry答案：C解析：EXW是最卖方责任最小的术语，买方自负所有运输和风险。6.AU.S.companyexportssolarpanelstoVietnam.WhichIncotermismostsuitableifthesellerwantstoavoidcustomsclearanceinVietnam?A.DDPB.FCAC.DAPD.FOB答案：B解析：FCA（FreeCarrier）卖方仅负责将货物交给承运人，买方自负清关。7.IfaPakistanibuyerdisputesashipment'squalityunderaCIFcontract,whichdocumentshouldtheyprimarilyusetoclaim?A.PackingListB.BillofLadingC.InsurancePolicyD.CommercialInvoice答案：D解析：CommercialInvoice记录货物细节，是索赔的主要依据。8.WhichoftheseisNOTacommonriskincross-bordere-commercelogistics?A.CustomsdelaysinBrazilB.PackagetheftinurbanareasC.IncotermsmisinterpretationD.PortcongestioninSingapore答案：C解析：Incoterms是合同条款，不属于物流实际风险。9.WhenaJapanesecompanyimportselectronicsfromChinaunderT/T50%inadvanceand50%aftershipment,thefirstpaymentisconfirmedby:A.AproformainvoiceB.AdraftC.ABillofLadingD.Abankguarantee答案：A解析：30%预付款通常基于形式发票（ProformaInvoice）确认。10.Whichpaymentmethodissuitableforperishablegoodstrade(e.g.,fruitsfromChiletoEurope)?A.O/A(OpenAccount)B.L/Cat90dayssightC.T/TinfullatonceD.D/P(DocumentsAgainstPayment)答案：C解析：易腐商品需快速收款，T/T全款最合适。二、多选题（共5题，每题3分，总计15分）考察点：国际贸易纠纷解决、合规性要求。地域/行业针对性：欧盟环保法规、拉美农产品出口。1.WhichofthefollowingarecommonreasonsforanL/Cbeingrejectedbythebank?A.GoodsnotmatchingtheL/CdescriptionB.ShipmentdelayedbeyondL/CvalidityC.PaymentmadeincashinsteadofbanktransferD.InsurancecoveragelowerthanrequiredE.Buyer’ssignaturemismatchonthedraft答案：A,B,D解析：L/C拒付常见原因包括货物不符、装运超期、保险不足。2.AChineseexportersellstextilestoFrance.WhichEUregulationsmustbechecked?A.REACH(Chemicalsubstances)B.GSP(GeneralizedSystemofPreferences)C.Oeko-Tex(Textilesafetystandards)D.WTO(Traderulescompliance)答案：A,C解析：法规涉及化学品（REACH）和纺织品安全（Oeko-Tex）。3.WhatdocumentsshouldbeincludedinanAmazonFBAshipmenttoavoidcustomsrefusalintheU.S.?A.CommercialInvoiceB.PackingListC.CertificateofOrigin(forpreferentialtariffs)D.CustomsDeclarationForm(FDAapprovalforfooditems)答案：A,B,C解析：美国进口需商业发票、装箱单、原产地证，食品需FDA批准。4.WhichIncotermsareNOTsuitableforseafreightbutmayworkforaircargo?A.DDPB.FCAC.DATD.EXW答案：A,C解析：DDP和DAT主要针对多式联运，不适用于纯海运。5.Whataretherisksofusingathird-partylogistics(3PL)providerinAfrica?A.HighershippingcostsduetoinfrastructuregapsB.LanguagebarriersinKenyaandNigeriaC.InconsistentcustomsclearancetimesD.3PLmisreportingshipmentvolumestothebuyer答案：A,B,C解析：非洲物流风险包括成本高、语言障碍、清关不稳定。三、填空题（共10题，每题2分，总计20分）考察点：贸易单证填写、合同条款理解。地域/行业针对性：澳洲矿产资源出口、中东石油设备交易。1.InaDAPcontract,thesellerpaysforcustomsdutiesinthe________country.答案：buyer解析：DAP（DeliveredatPlace）卖方负责运至目的地，但风险和清关由买方承担。2.Aproformainvoiceisusedfor________paymentininternationaltrade.答案：preliminary/advance解析：形式发票常用于预付款或信用证申请阶段。3.IfaRussianbuyerinsistsona180-daycreditperiodformachinery,thesellershouldnegotiatea________L/C.答案：Usance解析：延期付款信用证（UsanceL/C）允许货后付款。4.UnderFOBLanded,thesellerisresponsibleforcovering________chargesuntilgoodsreachthebuyer’sport.答案：freightandinsurance解析：FOBLanded包含运费和保险费。5.AMalaysianexportermustdeclaretheHarmonizedSystemcode________toqualifyforGSPtariffs.答案：HScode解析：GSP需准确申报HS编码以享受优惠关税。6.Whenabuyerrequestsa"letterofguaranteetocover110%oftheinvoicevalue,"itprotectsagainst________risk.答案：non-performance解析：担保函（BankGuarantee）用于防范卖方违约。7.InanFCAcontract,thesellerdeliversgoodsatanamedplace,andthebuyerisresponsiblefor________transport.答案：carrying解析：FCA卖方仅负责将货物交给承运人。8.ABrazilianbuyerimportscoffeeunderCIF.Ifthevesselsinksbeforeloading,thelossiscoveredbythe________policy.答案：cargoinsurance解析：CIF包含保险，卖方需确保货物装船前风险已覆盖。9.Toavoid"titledisputes"inaB2Btransaction,aclear________clauseisessential.答案：ownership解析：所有权条款明确货物归属，防止货权纠纷。10.AbuyerfromSouthKorearequestsa"90-daypaymenttermnet."Thismeansthepaymentisdue________daysaftertheinvoicedate.答案：90解析："Net90"表示发票日后90天付款。四、简答题（共3题，每题5分，总计15分）考察点：贸易谈判策略、风险控制。地域/行业针对性：北美市场合规、非洲物流挑战。1.ExplainthekeydifferencesbetweenaconfirmedL/CandastandbyL/Cinahigh-riskexportscenario.答案：-ConfirmedL/C:Issuedbyaforeignbankwithanotherbank(usuallyintheseller’scountry)confirmingitspaymentobligation,ensuring100%securityfortheseller.-StandbyL/C:Usedasabackupforotherpayments(e.g.,performancebond),activatedonlyiftheprimarycontractfails,thuslowersecurity.2.AChineseexportershipselectronicstotheEU.Whatenvironmentalcertificationsshouldbeobtainedtoavoidrejection?答案：-WEEEDirectiveCompliance:WasteElectricalandElectronicEquipmentregulations.-RoHSCompliance:RestrictionofHazardousSubstances(lead,mercury,etc.).-EnergyEfficiencyLabel(EPL):Forappliances.3.Howcanasellermitigatetheriskofpaymentdefaultsinalong-termcontractwithabuyerfromadevelopingcountry?答案：-Requirepartialupfrontpayment(T/T30%).-Useashort-termL/Cforinitialshipments.-Demandabankguaranteefortheremainingbalance.-Monitorbuyer’scredithistoryviatradefinanceplatforms.五、写作题（1题，10分）考察点：商务邮件写作、合同纠纷解决。地域/行业针对性：中欧铁路运输、跨境电商退货处理。Scenario:AGermanbuyerreceived10%damagedsolarpanelsunderaCIFcontractshippedviatheChina-EuropeRailwayExpress.Thebuyerclaimsthesellerisresponsibleforreplacementbutdisputestheinsuranceclaimdueto"pre-existingdamage."Writeaformalemailtothebuyerproposingaresolution.要求：-Clearlystatetheissue.-ExplaintheIncoterm’sriskallocation.-Suggestamutuallybeneficialsolution(e.g.,partialrefund+expeditedreplacement).-Attachsupportingdocuments(e.g.,inspectionreport).答案示例