2025年经济学考研英语复试笔试及答案

2025年经济学考研英语复试笔试及答案

一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分）1.Theterm"economics"isderivedfromtheGreekwordmeaning"______".A.wealthB.scarcityC.tradeD.production2.Whichofthefollowingisacharacteristicofamarketeconomy?A.CentralplanningbythegovernmentB.PrivateownershipofresourcesC.GovernmentcontroloverpricesD.Equaldistributionofincome3.Thelawofdemandstatesthat,allelsebeingequal,asthepriceofagoodincreases,thequantitydemandedwill______.A.increaseB.decreaseC.remainunchangedD.becomeunpredictable4.Thepointwherethesupplyanddemandcurvesintersectisknownasthe______.A.equilibriumpriceB.marketclearingpriceC.competitivepriceD.equilibriumquantity5.Ashiftinthedemandcurvetotherightindicates______.A.adecreaseinthepriceofthegoodB.anincreaseinthepriceofthegoodC.anincreaseinthequantitydemandedateverypriceD.adecreaseinthequantitydemandedateveryprice6.Theterm"opportunitycost"refersto______.A.theactualcostofagoodorserviceB.thevalueofthenextbestalternativeforegoneC.theminimumpriceatwhichagoodcanbesoldD.thetotalcostofproducingagood7.Intheshortrun,afirmwillcontinuetoproduceaslongasthepriceisgreaterthanorequalto______.A.marginalcostB.averagetotalcostC.averagevariablecostD.fixedcost8.Theprimarygoalofaperfectlycompetitivefirmistomaximize______.A.totalrevenueB.totalcostC.profitD.marketshare9.Amonopolyischaracterizedby______.A.manybuyersandmanysellersB.asinglesellerandnoclosesubstitutesC.manysellersandnoclosesubstitutesD.asinglebuyerandnoclosesubstitutes10.Theterm"inflation"referstoasituationwhere______.A.themoneysupplyincreasesB.thepriceleveldecreasesC.thepricelevelincreasesD.thequantityofmoneydecreases二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分）1.Thestudyofhowindividualsandsocietiesmakechoicesunderconditionsof______iscalledeconomics.2.The______isthepointwherethequantitydemandedequalsthequantitysupplied.3.The______istheadditionalcostincurredbyproducingonemoreunitofagoodorservice.4.Ina______market,therearemanybuyersandsellers,andnosingleparticipantcaninfluencethemarketprice.5.The______isthetotalcostofproducingagivenlevelofoutput.6.The______isthevalueofthenextbestalternativethatmustbegivenuptopursueacertainaction.7.A______isamarketstructurecharacterizedbyasinglesellerandnoclosesubstitutes.8.The______istheratioofthepercentagechangeinpricetothepercentagechangeinquantitydemanded.9.The______isthetotalrevenueminustotalcost.10.The______isameasureoftherateatwhichthegenerallevelofpricesisrising.三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分）1.Thestudyofeconomicsisprimarilyconcernedwiththeproductionofgoodsandservices.2.Inamarketeconomy,pricesaredeterminedbythegovernment.3.Thelawofsupplystatesthatasthepriceofagoodincreases,thequantitysuppliedwilldecrease.4.Equilibriuminamarketoccurswhenthequantitydemandedequalsthequantitysupplied.5.Opportunitycostisalwayszeroinamarketeconomy.6.Aperfectlycompetitivefirmisapricetaker.7.Amonopolycansetanypriceitwantsforitsproduct.8.Inflationisalwaysharmfultoaneconomy.9.Theconsumerpriceindex(CPI)isameasureoftherateatwhichthegenerallevelofpricesisrising.10.Economicgrowthisalwaysaccompaniedbyincreasedinequality.四、简答题（总共4题，每题5分）1.Explainthedifferencebetweenmicroeconomicsandmacroeconomics.2.Describetheconditionsunderwhichafirmwillshutdownintheshortrun.3.Whatarethecharacteristicsofaperfectlycompetitivemarket?4.Discussthecausesandeffectsofinflation.五、讨论题（总共4题，每题5分）1.Howdoesgovernmentinterventionintheformofpricecontrolsaffectmarketefficiency?2.Discusstheroleofmonetarypolicyinmanaginganeconomy.3.Whatarethepotentialbenefitsanddrawbacksofinternationaltrade?4.Howcanacountrypromoteeconomicgrowthwhilemaintainingenvironmentalsustainability?答案和解析一、单项选择题答案1.B2.B3.B4.A5.C6.B7.C8.C9.B10.C二、填空题答案1.scarcity2.equilibrium3.marginalcost4.perfectlycompetitive5.totalcost6.opportunitycost7.monopoly8.priceelasticityofdemand9.profit10.inflation三、判断题答案1.False2.False3.False4.True5.False6.True7.True8.False9.True10.False四、简答题答案1.Microeconomicsfocusesonthebehaviorofindividualconsumers,firms,andmarkets,whilemacroeconomicsexaminestheeconomyasawhole,includingissueslikeinflation,unemployment,andeconomicgrowth.2.Afirmwillshutdownintheshortrunifthepricefallsbelowtheaveragevariablecost,asitwouldnotcoveritsvariablecostsandcontinuingproductionwouldleadtogreaterlosses.3.Characteristicsofaperfectlycompetitivemarketincludemanybuyersandsellers,homogeneousproducts,freeentryandexit,andperfectinformation.4.Causesofinflationincludedemand-pullinflation(excessdemand),cost-pushinflation(increasedproductioncosts),andbuilt-ininflation(wage-pricespiral).Effectsincludereducedpurchasingpower,uncertaintyinbusinessdecisions,andpotentialwealthredistribution.五、讨论题答案1.Governmentinterventionthroughpricecontrolscanleadtomarketinefficiencybycreatingsurplusesorshortages,reducingconsumerandproducersurplus,andpotentiallyleadingtoblackmarkets.2.Monetarypolicy,ma